Endocrine Disruptors ; toxicity ; Environmental Pollutants ; toxicity ; Humans ; Immune System ; drug effects

Objective:To understand the surveillance status of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) among children aged 8 - 10 years and pregnant women in Yantai City, Shandong Province.Methods:In 2019, Yantai City was divided into four areas: east, west, south and north according to administrative regions. In each area, 125 children aged 8 - 10 years (age balanced, half males and half females) and 75 pregnant women were selected as the survey subjects. The household edible salt samples and morning urine samples of the survey subjects were collected, and the contents of salt iodine and urinary iodine were detected by direct titration and arsenic-cerium catalytic spectrophotometry, respectively. At the same time, a color Doppler ultrasound diagnostic apparatus was used to examine the thyroid volume of children and the goiter rate was calculated.Results:A total of 800 salt samples were tested, and the median salt iodine was 20.9 mg/kg. Among them, 779 were iodized salts, the coverage rate of iodized salt was 97.38% (779/800); 756 were qualified iodized salts, the qualified rate of iodized salt was 97.05% (756/779), and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 94.50% (756/800). A total of 491 urine samples from children aged 8 - 10 years were tested, the median urinary iodine was 169.23 μg/L, which was an appropriate level of iodine. The medians urinary iodine of children aged 8, 9, and 10 years ( n = 150, 209, 132) were 168.28, 164.39, and 171.23 μg/L, respectively, and the difference was not significant ( H = 1.123, P > 0.05). A total of 491 children's thyroid glands were examined, of which 11 were enlarged, with a goiter rate of 2.24%. The goiter rates of children aged 8, 9, and 10 years were 2.00% (3/150), 2.39% (5/209), 2.27% (3/132), respectively, and the difference was not significant (χ 2 = 0.112, P > 0.05). A total of 300 urine samples from pregnant women were tested, and the median urinary iodine was 208.98 μg/L, which was an appropriate level of iodine. Conclusions:In 2019, children aged 8 - 10 years and pregnant women in Yantai City are at an appropriate level of iodine. The consumption rate of qualified iodized salt ( > 90%) and the goiter rate of children ( < 5%) meet the national standards for eliminating IDD.

Objective:To explore the risk factors for early hematoma expansion (HE) in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH), and construct a clinical-radiomics combined model to predict HE after sICH.Methods:From April 2014 to September 2020, 339 patients with sICH who underwent plain CT scans in Radiology Department of our hospital were recruited. Patients were divided into HE group and non-HE group according to whether HE occurred (HE was defined as an increase in hematoma volume>33% or 6 mL on the follow-up CT within 24 h). The clinical data of non-HE group and HE group were compared, and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to detect independent risk factors for HE. The radiomics features were extracted from the regions of interest of the hematoma in the first CT scan images; the optimal radiomics features were selected using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model and 10-fold cross-validation method, and then, the radiomics scores (R-score) were calculated; the risk factors for HE (clinical data) and R-score (radiomics data) were used to construct the clinical model, R-score model, and clinical-radiomics combined model; receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to evaluate the prediction performance of clinical model, R-score model, and clinical-radiomics combined model; the best model was visualized as a nomogram and a calibration curve was drawn to evaluate the prediction accuracy of this model.Results:As compared with patients in the non-HE group, patients in the HE group had shorter time from sICH onset to first CT, higher percentage of patients with diabetes, lower platelet count, lower Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores, and larger baseline hematoma volume in CT image, with significant differences ( P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that baseline hematoma volume ( OR=1.015, 95%CI: 1.000-1.030, P=0.046), GCS scores ( OR=0.914, 95%CI: 0.839-0.995, P=0.039), time from sICH onset to first CT ( OR=0.855, 95%CI: 0.741-0.987, P=0.032), and diabetes ( OR=0.522, 95%CI: 0.311-0.875, P=0.014) were independent risk factors for HE. By using LASSO regression and 10-fold cross-validation method, 20 optimal radiomics features were finally selected. The area under ROC curve of clinical model, R-score model, and clinical-radiomics combined model were 0.650, 0.860, and 0.870, respectively. The calibration curve showed that the prediction accuracy of clinical-radiomics combined model in early HE had good consistency with the actual occurrence probability. Conclusion:The clinical-radiomics combined model could effectively predict early HE with good calibration, which is helpful in individualized clinical assessment of risk of early HE in SICH patients.

Conducting polymers have stable long-chain structure and good electrical conductivity. They have been used in various types of biosensors because of their excellent characteristics of the immobilization and electrical signal transmission. In recent years, researchers mainly study on improving its micro-nano structures and its signal conductivity to enhance its effect on the enzyme immobilization and signal conductive properties. This paper reviews firstly the application of conducting polymer on enzyme-immobilized glucose biosensor and the new technologies and methods in this field. This paper also points out the future application of conducting polymers in enzyme immobilization and biosensor preparation areas.
Biosensing Techniques ; methods ; trends ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Electric Conductivity ; Enzymes, Immobilized ; Glucose Oxidase ; metabolism ; Nanostructures ; Polymers ; chemistry

This study aimed to identify subtypes of genomic variants associated with the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) by conducting systematic literature search in electronic databases up to May 31, 2021. The main outcomes including overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), and durable clinical benefit (DCB) were correlated with tumor genomic features. A total of 1546 lung cancer patients with available genomic variation data were included from 14 studies. The Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog G12C (KRAS^G12C) mutation combined with tumor protein P53 (TP53) mutation revealed the promising efficacy of ICI therapy in these patients. Furthermore, patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) classical activating mutations (including EGFR^L858R and EGFR^Δ19) exhibited worse outcomes to ICIs in OS (adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 1.40; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01‍‒‍1.95; P=0.0411) and PFS (adjusted HR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.49‍‒‍2.63; P<0.0001), while classical activating mutations with EGFR^T790M showed no difference compared to classical activating mutations without EGFR^T790M in OS (adjusted HR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.48‍‒‍1.94; P=0.9157) or PFS (adjusted HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.39‍‒‍1.35; P=0.3050). Of note, for patients harboring the Usher syndrome type-2A(USH2A) missense mutation, correspondingly better outcomes were observed in OS (adjusted HR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.32‍‒‍0.82; P=0.0077), PFS (adjusted HR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.38‍‒‍0.69; P<0.0001), DCB (adjusted odds ratio (OR), 4.74; 95% CI, 2.75‍‒‍8.17; P<0.0001), and ORR (adjusted OR, 3.45; 95% CI, 1.88‍‒‍6.33; P<0.0001). Our findings indicated that, USH2A missense mutations and the KRAS^G12Cmutation combined with TP53 mutation were associated with better efficacy and survival outcomes, but EGFR classical mutations irrespective of combination with EGFR^T790M showed the opposite role in the ICI therapy among lung cancer patients. Our findings might guide the selection of precise targets for effective immunotherapy in the clinic.
Humans ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics* ; ErbB Receptors/genetics* ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins/genetics* ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use* ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics* ; Mutation ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use* ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/genetics* ; Treatment Outcome