Neurologic complications are rare but devastating events after scoliosis surgery;a thorough preoperative work-up and effective intraoperative monitoring of the spinal cord may reduce the incidence.This review discusses the incidence,preoperative work-up,intraoperative monitoring,and managing strategies for neurologic complications of scoliosis surgery.

Objective To discuss the effectiveness of endoscopic frontal sinus surgery through the agger nasi cell. Methods Twenty-seven patients with chronic frontal sinusitis were treated with endoscopic frontal sinus surgery. The frontal sinus was opened by resecting the agger nasi cell. Results The frontal sinus were opened successfully in all the patients. No complications occurred except periorbital bruising in 3 eyes. Nasendoscopy showed that the frontal sinus drainage pathway was normal after the operation. During a 6-month follow-up, the symptoms of the frontal sinus disappeared in 18 of the patients, improved in 7, and were not changed in 2. Conclusions Endoscopic frontal sinus surgery through the agger nasi cell is effective for chronic frontal sinusitis.The method is worth being widely used.

Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is common clinical spinal disorders often occurring in the cervical spine,with the main symptom being nerve compression.The specific mechanism of OPLL remains unclear,but genetic factors,single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs),mechanical stimulation,metabolism abnormality might be involved in the etiology of the disease.Multiple genetic and environmental factors may contribute to the development of OPLL.OPLL has prominent genetic characteristic,and it is associated with SNPs of several genes.Here we review the SNPs of several genes (COL11A2,BMP-2,TGF-?1,TGF-?3,NPPS,COL6A1 and Runx2) which contribute to the development of OPLL,hoping to lay a foundation for future study.

Interspinous dynamic stabilization is popular in the non-fusion spine surgery.It is characterized in the motion preservation of segmental lumbar,avoiding the stress change after fusion surgery and adjacent disc degeneration.Interspinous dynamic stabilization systems have got fast development and are widely used in the treatment of lumbar spine disease.As an innovation of traditional fusion surgery,the clinical evaluation is the focus of spine surgeon.In this paper,the recent studies of the clinical evaluation of interspinous dynamic stabilization are reviewed.

0.05). In the xenogeneic fresh nerve graft group, the xenogeneic nerve segment was rejected and absorbed by the recipient. CONCLUSION Xenogeneic acellular nerve could sustain facial nerve regeneration, and may be a substitute to autograft for repairing facial nerve defects.

Objective To provide guidance for reconstructing the sensation of the anterolateral thigh flap (ALTF) used to repair extensive soft tissue defects in heel. Methods Choose 7 adult male corpses, take the nerval samples respectively from the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) 5cm below the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and the initial segment of the medial caleaneal nerve (MCN) and the lateral calcaneal nerve (LCN), fixed, dewatered gradiendy, embedded, located, and made them into semithin sections, dyed with toluidine blue. The pictures were taken by a medicine figure imaging analysis system named MOTICMED 6.0, observe the nerves's sectional morphous, the quantity and distribution of their nerve fiber bundles, count the quantity of nerve fibers and determine the density of them. Use Photoshop 7.0 version precinct software for measuring and calculating the area of the nerve fiber bundles and the Photoshop grid function was used to measure the density of the nerve fibers. Results In our cross-section study, the median number of nerve bunches in LFCN, MCN and LCN1, was 4, 3 and 4, respectively. The median number of nerve fibers' area was 114.8 um2, 126.92 um2 and 102.76um2, respectively. The median number of nerve fibers' density was 11.43/um2, 6.47/um2 and 10.08/um2, respectively. The median number of nerve fibers was 987, 862 and 570, respectively. Conclusion The MCN and the LCN1 are ideal cutaneous nerves to suture with LFCN in the ALTF used to repair widespread soft tissue defects in heel because they have similar histomorphological characteristics with the LFCN.

Posterior pedicle fixation-based dynamic stabilization is now densely studied in the non-fusion spine surgery.The method is characterized by the motion preservation of segmental lumbar,avoidance of the stress change after fusion surgery,and adjacent disc degeneration.Posterior pedicle fixation-based dynamic stabilization systems have undergone fast development and are now used for the treatment of degenerative lumbar spine disease.As an innovation of traditional fusion surgery,the clinical evaluation of its efficacy has become a focus of study among spine surgeons.In this paper,we review the recent progress in the clinical efficacy of posterior pedicle fixation-based dynamic stabilization.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate mastoidectomy efficacy in treating secretory otitis media. METHOD: Retrospective analysis of 22 cases (24 ears) with chronic secretory otitis media,20 ears were treated with intact canal wall mastoidectomy combined with facial recess opening,4 ears were treated with opened mastoid surgery,3 ears simultaneously accepted tube insertion. Ventilation tube was pulled out in 6 months. Hearing test was inspected before and after surgery. RESULT: None of the patients had hearing loss, 19 ears had varying degrees of hearing improvement. Seventeen ears were type A tympanometry curve, 7 ears were C-shaped curve. No recurrence of otitis media was observed after 6 - 36 months followed-up. CONCLUSION Mastoidectomy may improve eustachian tube function and decrease the risk of recurrence of secretory otitis media.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Mastoid ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Otitis Media with Effusion ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical efficacy of mouse nerve growth factor (NGF) in the treatment of sudden deafness. METHOD: A retrospective analysis was performed on 115 cases of hospitalized patients who were suffered from sudden deafness. Patients were divided into two groups according to treatment medicine. Control group: patients were treated with intravenous vasodilators, energy mixture, steroid pulse therapy, and methylcobalamin neurotrophic therapy. NGF group: intramuscular NGF treatment was added on the basis of conventional therapy mentioned above. Both treatments lasted 14 days, the total efficiency were compared. Patients were further divided into sub-groups according to age, duration and the level of pre-treatment PTA, and the treatment efficiency was further compared. By SPSS 11.0 statistical analysis, a P < 0.05 was considered as statistical significant difference. RESULT: (1) The total efficiency of NGF group was significantly higher than control group. (2) Regard of age, the efficiency of NGF treatment group was significantly higher than control group. (3) For the patients whose duration were less than 7 d, or the PTA < or = 60 dBHL, the efficiency of NGF group were significantly higher. For the patients whose duration were more than 7 d, or the PTA>60 dBHL, the efficiency of NGF therapy was not superior to the traditional treatment. CONCLUSION NGF can significantly improve the symptom of patients with short duration or low PTA. For this kind of patients, NGF adjuvant therapy should be recommended. For the patients with longer duration and higher level of PTA, NGF therapy is not advocated. NGF treatment should not be in consideration of the age.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Hearing Loss, Sudden ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nerve Growth Factor ; therapeutic use ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective To observe the effects of in vitro isolated Schwann cells co-cultured with chemically acellular nerve allografts on improving repair of large facial nerve defects. Methods A total of 30 Wistar rats were equally randomized into three groups, ie, experimental group, allograft group and autograft group. Nerve defect of 12 mm in length was made in the left inferior buccal branch of facial nerve and repaired with acellular nerve allograft implanted with Schwann cells, acellular nerve allograft and fresh tibial nerve autograft respectively. At the 5th month postoperatively, the function and morpholo-gy of the regenerated nerves were observed by electrophysiological method, methylene blue staining and transmission electron microscope. Results In experimental group, the recovery rate (operation side/normal side) of amplitude of nerve-muscle action potential was (35.8±2.5)%, the lantency recovery rate (normal side/operation side) (65.8±2.9)%, the number of the regenerated axon 1 570±188 and the myelin thickness (0.383±0.031) μm. The results in the experimental group were significantly supe-rior to those in the acellular nerve allograft group (P < 0.05), with similar results to fresh nerve autograft group (P > 0.05). Conclusion Transplantation of Schwarm cells in acellular nerve allograft can im-prove repair of large facial nerve defects.