Objective To determine the effect of resurfacing completely degloved thumbs by free perforator flaps in a spiral fashion.Methods A retrospective case series study was made on 22 patients with completely degloving injury of the thumb treated by different free perforator flaps in a spiral fashion from June 2009 to December 2014,including 19 male and 3 female patients at the age of 18-46 years (mean,27.8 years).A total of 13 patients were reconstructed using the medial arm perforator flaps ranging in size from 8.0 cm × 3.0 cm-14.5 cm × 3.5 cm,and 9 patients were reconstructed using the peroneal artery perforator flaps ranging in size from 6.0 cm × 3.5 cm-21.0 cm × 10.0 cm.Follow-up was made to evaluate the sensation,appearance and function of the thumbs and the recovery of flap donor sites.Results All flaps survived completely,with no occurrence of postoperative vascular crisis and infection.Only one medial arm flap and one soleus perforator flap distal flap showed blood flow disorder in the distal sections and were healed uneventfully after conservative therapy.Function and cosmetic recovery of the reconstructed thumbs were good.Follow-up ranged from 9 to 22 months (mean,14.5 months).Twopoint discrimination test of the flaps was recovered to 6-13 mm.No linear scar contracture was left.Flap donor site wound healed primarily.All patients were satisfied with the overall results.Conclusion The free perforator flap in a spiral fashion can avoid linear scar contracture,maximally decrease donor site morbidity and achieve satisfactory functional recovery and good aesthetic restoration,indicating a good candidate for reconstruction of thumb degloving injury.

Objective To construct a lentiviral vector of RNA interference (RNAi) of murine triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) gene and to explore the effect of TREM-1 on the inflammatory response caused by Bacteroides fragilis. Methods Four target sequences were selected according to murine TREM-1 mRNA sequence, and then 4 pairs of double-strand DNA oligo according to these target sequences and one pair of negative control double-strand DNA oligo were designed and synthesized. These fragments were subcloned into pGCSIL-GFP/Lenti plasmid. After being identified by PCR and sequencing, these plasmids were cotransfected into 293T cells to package lentiviral particles. The lentiviral vector particles were transfected into Raw 264. 7 cells and TREM-1 expression in the transfected cells was assayed by real-time PCR and ELISA. Different concentrations of Bacteroides fragilis lipopolysaccaride (LPS) were administered in the Raw264. 7 cells, and the cells were stimulated with LPS for 12 h. TREM-1 expression was determined by real-time PCR and ELISA at the time points. Results PCR and sequencing confirmed that lentiviral vectors had the correct structure and could express high titer of virus. After being transfected into Raw264. 7 cells, TREM-1 expression was knocked down significantly by all of these lentiviral vectors at both protein and mRNA levels, and the pGCSIL-GFP/Lenti-1 had the most efficient interference. TREM-1 was upregulated in the presence of Bacteroides fragilis LPS, and this increase was partly abrogated in the TREM-1 siRNA-treated cell models of endotoxemia, depending on the sequence. Conclusion The lentivirus RNAi vector of TREM-1 was constructed successfully. The lentivirus RNAi vector of TREM-1 can inhibit the expression of TREM-1 in the murine endotoxemia model caused by Bacteroides fragilis LPS.

Objective: To investigate the reconstructive methods and effectiveness of modified pedicled anterolateral thigh (ALT) myocutaneous flap for large full-thickness abdominal defect reconstruction. Methods: Between January 2016 and June 2018, 5 patients of large full-thickness abdominal defects were reconstructed with modified pedicled ALT myocutaneous flaps. There were 3 males and 2 females with an average age of 43.7 years (range, 32-65 years). Histologic diagnosis included desmoid tumor in 3 cases and sarcoma in 2 cases. The size of abdominal wall defect ranged from 20 cm×12 cm to 23 cm×16 cm. Peritoneum continuity was reconstructed with mesh; lateral vastus muscular flap was used to fill the dead space and rebuild the abdominal wall strength; skin grafting was applied on the muscular flap, the rest abdominal wall soft tissue defects were repaired with pedicled ALT flap. The size of lateral vastus muscular flap ranged from 20 cm×12 cm to 23 cm×16 cm, the size of ALT flap ranged from 20 cm×8 cm to 23 cm×10 cm. The donor site was closed directly. Results: All flaps and skin grafts survived totally, and incisions healed by first intention. All patients were followed up 6-36 months (mean, 14.7 months). No tumor recurrence occurred, and abdominal function and appearance were satisfying. No abdominal hernia was noted. Only linear scar left in the donor sites, and the function and appearance were satisfying. Conclusion: Modified pedicled ALT myocutaneous flap is efficient for large full-thickness abdominal defect reconstruction, decrease the donor site morbidity, and improve the donor site and recipient site appearance.

Objective: To explore the effectiveness of pedicled anterolateral thigh myocutaneous flap for full-thickness abdominal wall reconstruction after tumor resection. Methods: Between September 2010 and December 2017, 18 patients with abdominal wall tumors were collected. There were 11 males and 7 females, with an average age of 45.2 years (range, 29-68 years). Histologic diagnosis included desmoid tumor in 8 cases, sarcomas in 6 cases, malignant teratoma in 2 cases, and colon adenocarcinoma in 2 cases. All abdominal wall defects were full-thickness defects. Peritoneum continuity was reconstructed with mesh; the lateral vastus muscular flaps were used to fill the dead space and rebuild the abdominal wall strength; the abdominal wall soft tissue defects were repaired with pedicled anterolateral thigh flaps. The size of abdominal wall defects ranged from 15 cm×6 cm to 25 cm×22 cm; the size of lateral vastus muscular flap ranged from 10 cm×8 cm to 22 cm×10 cm; the size of anterolateral thigh flap ranged from 14.0 cm×8.0 cm to 21.0 cm×8.5 cm. The bilateral pedicled anterolateral thigh myocutaneous flaps were harvested to repair the extensive abdominal wall defects in 2 cases. All donor sites were sutured directly. Results: All wounds healed smoothly and all flaps survived totally. All donor sites healed smoothly. The mean follow-up time was 22.5 months (range, 11-56 months). No tumor recurrence occurred, the abdominal function and appearance were satisfactory, no abdominal hernia was noted. Only linear scar left at the donor sites. Conclusion: Pedicled anterolateral thigh myocutaneous flap combined with mesh is fit for large full-thickness abdominal defect reconstruction.

Objective: To explore the effectiveness of pedicled chimeric thoracoacromial artery perforator (TAAP) flap as a reconstructive option for circular hypopharyngeal defects. Methods: Between January 2013 and December 2014, the pedicled chimeric TAAP flap was used to repair oncologic circular hypopharyngeal defects in 8 patients, included 6 males and 2 females, with an average age of 57 years (range, 45-80 years). All patients were treated in other hospitals before and recurrence was noted. The duration between latest treatment and recurrence ranged from 3 to 28 months (mean, 16.5 months). According to Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) TNM staged, 3 cases were T 2N 1M 0, 2 cases were T 3N 1M 0, 1 case was T 3N 2M 0, 2 cases were T 4N 1M 0. After laryngectomy, the size of circular hypopharyngeal defect ranged from 9.0 cm×8.5 cm to 12.0 cm×10.5 cm. The size of TAAP flap ranged from 7.0 cm×4.0 cm to 9.5 cm×6.0 cm．The size of pectoralis major flap ranged from 9.0 cm×5.0 cm to 14.5 cm×6.0 cm．The donor sites were closed directly in all cases. Results: Postoperatively all flaps survived smoothly, and all defects healed by first intention. No early complication was noted. The mean hospital stay period ranged from 12 to 22 days (mean, 14.5 days). All patients were followed up 12-45 months (mean, 18.7 months). Patients possessed good appearance of surgical sites. No recurrence, fistulas, stenosis/strictures, dehiscence, or swelling occurred. Only linear scars were left on the donor sites, and the pectoralis major muscle function was completely preserved in all patients. Conclusion: Patients with high comorbidities may not be suitable candidates for free flap reconstruction, especially when the recipient vessels are affected from disease or radiotherapy. Pedicled chimeric TAAP flap is a good choice for the reconstruction of hypopharyngeal defects in such conditions．.

Objective: To explore the clinical application of combined transverse upper gracilis flap and adductor magnus perforator flap in breast reconstruction of breast cancer patients after mastectomy. Methods: Between August 2016 and February 2017, the combined transverse upper gracilis flap and adductor magnus perforator flap was used in 12 cases of breast cancer patients who received modified radical surgery for breast reconstruction. All patients were females with the age of 32 to 59 years (mean, 41.5 years). There were 7 cases in left side and 5 cases in right side. Eight cases were received breast reconstruction by one-stage operation and 4 cases by two-stage operation. In one-stage operation cases, pathological diagnosis includes invasive ductal carcinoma in 4 cases and invasive lobular carcinoma in 4 cases. The disease duration ranged from 2 to 9 months (mean, 4.5 months). In two-stage operation cases, the time interval between mastectomy and breast reconstruction ranged from 12 to 70 months (mean, 37.4 months). The length of flap was 20-28 cm, the width of flap was 5.5-7.5 cm, the thickness of flap was 2.5-4.5 cm. The length of gracilis flap pedicle was 6.5-9.2 cm, the length of adductor magnus perforator flap pedicle was 7.5-10.4 cm. The weight of flap was 295-615 g. Results: The ischemia time of flap ranged from 95 to 230 minutes (mean, 135 minutes). All flaps were successfully survived. All incisions of recipient donor sites healed by first intention. All patients were followed up 7-14 months (mean, 9.5 months). The reconstructed breasts' shape, texture, and elasticity were good and no flap contracture deformation happened. Only linear scar left in the donor sites, but the function of thighs was not affected. No local recurrence happened during follow-up. Conclusion: With appropriate patient selection and surgical technique, the combined transverse upper gracilis flap and adductor magnus perforator flap can be a valuable option as an alternative method for autologous breast reconstruction.

Objective: To explore the feasibility of harvesting free thinned innervated anterolateral thigh (ALT) perforator flap for repairing the donor defect after wrap-around flap transfer.

Objective To explore new methods of innervating the anterolateral thigh flap(ALTF) for repairing widespreadly traumatic soft tissue defects in heel and report their initial results of clinical application. Methods Twenty-five consecutive ALTFs were transplanted in 25 patients for repairing widespreadly traumatic soft tissue defects in heel from October 2005 to October 2010. Three ways were used in this series for sensory reconstruction of ALTFs,which based on the primary researches of the anatomic and histomorphological characteristics of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN),medial calcaneal nerve (MCN) and lateral calcaneal nerve (LCN). The first way which was of suture between reshaped LFCN and MCN or LCN was used in 16 cases, the second way which was of perineurial suture combined with epineurial suture was used in 6 cases,and the small-gap-suture way was used in the remaining cases.The section of LFCN 5-7 cm below the anterior superior iliae spine and the initial segment of MCN or LCN were selected as anastomotic position. Postoperative follow-up parameters include pain sensation, touch sensation, thermal sensibility and static two-point discrimination. Results All flaps survived,and the wounds were primary intention.Twentyfive cases followed up 9-36 months (18 months on average).All flaps restored protective sensation,and the rate of good sensory recovery was 60％. All patients restored weighing and walking, and no ulceration happened. Conclusion Satisfactory sensory function restoration can be obtained by paying attention to the distribution and variety of LFCNs, selecting suitable cutaneous nerves and rational coaptated position as well as suitable suturation means which based on the anatomic and histomorphologieal characteristics of LFCN,MCN and LCN when repairing widespread soft tissue defects in heel.

Objective To provide guidance for reconstructing the sensation of the anterolateral thigh flap (ALTF) used to repair extensive soft tissue defects in heel. Methods Choose 7 adult male corpses, take the nerval samples respectively from the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) 5cm below the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and the initial segment of the medial caleaneal nerve (MCN) and the lateral calcaneal nerve (LCN), fixed, dewatered gradiendy, embedded, located, and made them into semithin sections, dyed with toluidine blue. The pictures were taken by a medicine figure imaging analysis system named MOTICMED 6.0, observe the nerves's sectional morphous, the quantity and distribution of their nerve fiber bundles, count the quantity of nerve fibers and determine the density of them. Use Photoshop 7.0 version precinct software for measuring and calculating the area of the nerve fiber bundles and the Photoshop grid function was used to measure the density of the nerve fibers. Results In our cross-section study, the median number of nerve bunches in LFCN, MCN and LCN1, was 4, 3 and 4, respectively. The median number of nerve fibers' area was 114.8 um2, 126.92 um2 and 102.76um2, respectively. The median number of nerve fibers' density was 11.43/um2, 6.47/um2 and 10.08/um2, respectively. The median number of nerve fibers was 987, 862 and 570, respectively. Conclusion The MCN and the LCN1 are ideal cutaneous nerves to suture with LFCN in the ALTF used to repair widespread soft tissue defects in heel because they have similar histomorphological characteristics with the LFCN.

Objective To summarize the mammary gland granulosa cell tumor 1 case of elderly patients with diabetes perioperative nursing methods chest wall reconstruction. Methods For this disease characteristics, and the patient′s individual situation to develop nursing measures, including giving surgery patients perioperative care, diabetes care, skin flap of the observation and nursing care, chest wall defect reconstruction, through intraoperative nursing with 3 d technology, psychological nursing, function exercise, active intervention. Results Through nursing, this example patient recovery smoothly, fine discharged from hospital. Conclusions In view of the patient's condition and an individual case, to develop nursing measures, improve the preoperative postoperative nursing is the key to the successful operation and patient recovery.