Radiotherapy is the main treatment for head and neck cancer,but it will result in adjacent tissue damage,including radioactive xerostomia,the most common complication.The mechanism of radiation-induced parotid damage injury is unclear.Parotid function test include detection of parotid salivary flow and salivary flow rate,parotid SPECT,CT and MRI,etc.How to protect the parotid glands becomes a hot research in recent years.At present,the main methods of protecting the parotid glands includes selecting patterns of radiotherapy,radiotherapy planning optimization,drugs,stem cell transplantation and gene transduction.

Objective To analyze the genetic polymorphism of GSTM1 to lung cancer patients in north Sichuan of China and compare with race from other district.Methods PCR-based technique was used to detect the genotypes of GSTM1 in lung cancer patients.Results In local lung cancer patients,the frequency of homozygous deletions(null genotype) for GSTM1 was 58.4 % (73/125).Among the patients,the frequencys of null genotype for GSTM1 were 62.5 % (20/32) in female,56.9 % (53/93) in male,56.1% (32/57)in patients with squamous cell carcinoma and 54.8 % (17/31) in patients with adenocarcinoma,respectively.The frequency of deletions of GSTM1 in lung cancer patients from north Sichuan of China is slightly exceeding those of Europe and Americas (P ＜0.05) and similar to the domestic result (P ＞0.05).Conclusion The genetic polymorphism of GSTM1 to lung cancer patients in north Sichuan of China dosen' t show distinguished feature for this district and race.

Objective To study the effect of CT scanning condition on the target position coordinate with WIMRT radiotherapy planning system using the" Z" form localizing frame. Methods The whole Head Phantom containing three metal targets was scanned under the following conditions: localizing frame transver-sally tilting, CT gantry tilting and localizing frame axially tilting. Then the three target coordinates were com-puted respectively and compared with those under the standard condition. Results The height and width of coordinate under the localizing frame transversally tilting condition deviated from those under the standard scanning condition,which was in an angle dependent manner. On the other hand ,a tendency was shown that the greater the absolute height value of the targets coordinate, the greater the width value deviation. And so was the relation between the absolute width value of the coordinate and height value deviation. If CT gantry angle was not zero degree or localizing frame axis is not in the same line with the CT bed moving direction, the calculated longititude value of the targets coordinate was mainly affected. Conclusions CT scanning must be performed strictly under the standard localizing scanning condition by a proficient physicist.

Objective To retrospectively analyze the efficacy of radiotherapy on nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma, and to explore the prognostic factors. Methods Between January 2000 and December 2008, 62 patients with nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma were treated with radiotherapy in our hospital. Their clinic data and efficiency were reviewed retrospectively. Kaplan-Meier methods were applied in unifactorial analysis and the COX regression model was applied in multivariate analysis. Results The median overall survival time was 69.7 months (95 % CI, 63.0-78.0 months), and 3, 5-year survival rate was 66.1% and 46.8 %. Metastasis was 61.8 % for the first reason which resulted in failure. The median survival time was 72.6 months in the increased group of numbers of T lymphocyte CD3 and 39.6 months in the decreased group, the difference was significant(x2 =4.9309, P =0.0264). Multivariate analysis confirmed that modified IPI 0-1 (x2 = 7.5266, P =0.0061), the numbers increased for CD3 (x2 =9.0912, P =0.0266), and complete remission(x2 = 9.0912, P =0.0106) were significant favorable prognostic factors for survival. Conclusion The radiotherapy was effective for patients with nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma, but was failure on account of distant metastasis, so systematic therapy still has an important role. modified IP1 0-1, the number increased for CD3 and complete remission were significant favorable prognostic factors for survival.

Objective To investigate the relationship of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) with clinicopathological characteristics,radiosensitivity and prognosis of the patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC). Methods Ninety ESCC patients who received radical radiotherapy diagnosed by ESCC in Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College were enrolled. Twenty cases of normal esophageal mucosa were used as the controls. The expression of PD-L1 was detected by using immunohistochemical SP method. Results The expression of PD-L1 protein was not correlated with age, gender, the maximum diameter of tumor, the length of lesion, the local aggressive of tumor, clinical stage and primary tumor volume (all P> 0.05). However, it was statistically correlated with the lymphatic metastasis (χ2= 4.404, P= 0.036). Meanwhile, PD-L1 positive expression was sensitive to radiation(χ2=4.888, P< 0.05). Single factor analysis showed that the maximum diameter of tumor and radiosensitivity were correlated with progression-free survival (PFS) (χ2=6.239,P =0.013;χ2=6.852,P =0.008; χ2= 6.312, P= 0.012) and overall survival (OS) (χ2=8.170, P = 0.004; χ 2= 4.261, P = 0.039; χ2= 5.003, P= 0.025) of ESCC patients. Multifactor analysis showed that the radiosensitivity and the maximum diameter of tumor affected PFS (OR= 0.512, 95 % CI 0.275-0.954, P= 0.035) and OS (OR= 0.507, 95 % CI 0.266-0.968, P= 0.039) in ESCC patients, respectively.Conclusions The level of PD-L1 expression is increased significantly in ESCC tissues compared with the normal esophageal mucosa tissues. PD-L1 may be a novel biomarker for predicting metastatic potential and radiosensitivity in ESCC patients, rather than the prognosis predictors of ESCC patients treated by radiotherapy.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Zhuanyaotang Granules for the treatment of degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis(DLSS).Methods Using a randomized double blind controlled design,104 DLSS patients were divided into an experimental group and a control group using a random number table method,with 52 patients in each group.The treatment group took oral Zhuanyaotang Granules,methylcobalamin tablets and celecoxib capsule simulants.The control group used Zhuanyaotang Granules simulants,methylcobalamin tablets and celecoxib capsules.The course of treatment was 3 weeks for both groups.The follow-ups were conducted at 1 month and 3 months after treatment.The intermittent claudication distance,visual analogue scale(VAS)score and JOA efficacy rating criteria for low back pain score were observed in both groups before treatment,1,2,3 weeks of treatment and 1 month after treatment and 3 months after treatment.Adverse reactions during treatment were recorded.Results There were 5 cases of detachment and 2 cases of exclusion in the experimental group,and 5 cases of detachment and 1 case of exclusion in the control group.Compared with before treatment,there were statistically significant differences in intermittent claudication distance,VAS score,and JOA score between the two groups of patients at various time points during treatment and follow-up(P<0.05);there was no statistically significant difference in intermittent claudication distance,VAS score,and JOA score between the experimental group and the control group before treatment and 1 and 2 weeks of treatment(P>0.05);compared with the two groups at 3 weeks of treatment and 1 and 3 months after treatment,the intermittent claudication distance and JOA score in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05);There was no significant difference in VAS score between the two groups and the control group after 3 weeks of treatment(P>0.05).There were 2 adverse reactions(4.4%)in the experimental group and 5 adverse reactions(10.8%)in the control group,without statistical significance(P>0.05).Conclusion Zhuanyaotang Granules can effectively relieve pain and improve lumbar function in patients with DLSS,which is more effective and safer than oral celecoxib capsules and methylcobalamin tablets.