Objective:To explore the effect of intervention program based on Swanson's caring theory on self-efficacy and quality of life of patients with breast neoplasms.Methods:The convenient sampling method was adopted to select patients who received modified radical mastectomy in People's Hospital of Zhengzhou from March 2018 to November 2019 as the research objects. They were randomly divided into the control group ( n=45) and the observation group ( n=50) . The control group was given routine nursing measures, while the observation group was given intervention measures based on Swanson's caring theory on the basis of routine nursing. The Chinese version of Strategies Used by People to Promote Health (C-SUPPH) and the Chinese version of Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B) were used to assess within 24 hours of admission and before discharge. Results:The scores of all dimensions of C-SUPPH of the observation group before discharge were higher than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . The scores of social or family status, emotional status, functional status and additional areas of concern in FACT-B in the observation group before discharge were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . There was no statistically significant difference in body condition score between the two groups ( P>0.05) . Conclusions:Intervention programs based on Swanson's caring theory can improve the self-management efficiency and quality of life of patients with breast neoplasms, but their effect on the physical status of patients is small.