Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of compound Lactobacillus acidophilus tablets or Saccharomyces boulardii Sachets combined with standard protocols for eradication of Helicobacter pylori(Hp) in children. Methods: From March 2017 to March 2018, 120 children aged 3-10 years with Hp infection were admitted into the Department of Gastroenterology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, including 67 male and 53 female childen.They were divided into 3 groups (control group, compound Lactobacillus acidophilus group, Saccharomyces boulardii Sachets group) by the method of random number table.Control group was given Clarithromycin+ Amoxicillin+ Omeprazole, for 14 days orally; compound Lactobacillus acidophilus group and Saccharomyces boulardii Sachets group were given drugs respectively on the first day, 500 mg of compound Lactobacillus acidophilus was added, twice a day or 250 mg of Saccharomyces boulardii Sachets group, twice a day orally, for 14 days, respectively.The adverse reactions in children were observed during the treatment, andurea ¹³C breath test or the stool Hp antigen test was performed at least 4 weeks by the end of the treatment, and the children with negative results were judged to be eradicated successfully.The ulcer healing, Hp eradication rate and incidence of adverse reactions(nausesa, vomiting, loss of appetite, constipation, diarrhea) among the 3 groups were observed and the Hp eradication rate and the incidence of adverse reactions (nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, constipation, diarrhea) were compared. Results: The eradication rates in the control group, the compound Lactobacillus group, and Saccharomyces boulardii Sachets group were 80.0% (32/40 cases), 85.0% (34/40 cases), and 87.5% (35/40 cases), respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.646); the ulcer healing rate was 100.0% of 101 Hp eradicators in 3 groups, and the ulcer healing rate of 19 cases without Hp eradicated was 48.15%, and there was a significant difference between them (χ²=51.30, P<0.01). However, there was no significant difference in the total effective rate among 3 groups (P>0.05). The overall incidence of adverse reactions in Saccharomyces boulardii Sachets group (P=0.021) and the incidence of diarrhea (P=0.002) and loss of appetite (P=0.021) was lower than that in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant.There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two probiotic groups (P>0.05). Conclusions Both compound Lactobacillus acidophilus tablets and Saccharomyces boulardii Sachets group can reduce the overall incidence of adverse reactions and the incidence of diarrhea and appetite declines in children′s standard Hp eradication regimen without affecting Hp eradication rate.

Objective To explore the differential expression of the key microfilament cytoskeleton-binding proteins in immature dendritic cells(imDCs)during antigen phagocytosis.Methods Monocytes(MOs)were isolated from peripheral blood of healthy individuals and cultured with recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor(rhGM-CSF)and recombinant human interleukin-4(rhIL-4)for 6 days to obtain imDCs.ImDCs were co-cultured with low molecular weight(40 kDa)and high molecular weight(150 kDa)dextrans for 1,3 and 6 hours,respectively.Flow cytometry was used to detect the percentage of imDCs phagocytosing dextran and the expression of immunophenotype molecules.The localization of filamentous actin(F-actin),PFN1,WASP,and α-actinin in cells were observed by immunofluorescence imaging.The differential expression of MCBPs at the mRNA and protein levels were respectively detected by q-PCR and Western blotting.Finally,the MCBPs with the highest component coefficients were identified based on the stepwise regression and principal component analysis method in systems biology algorithms.Results During the process of antigen phagocytosis,imDCs phagocytized low molecular weight antigens at a faster rate,with a phagocytic duration of approximately three hours.Their cell phenotypes and morphology gradually differentiated into mDCs,and F-actin remodeling was occurred significantly.The expression of MCBPs such as PFN1,CDM,WASP,CAPZB,Filamin A,α-actinin were downregulated,while the expression of WAVE1,Arp2/3 complex,and Fascin were upregulated.The mRNA expression of signaling protein Rac1 was upregulated,while the mRNA expressions of CDC42 and RhoA were downregulated.The immunofluorescence results showed that PFN1,WASP,and α-actinin were transposed during the antigen phagocytosis process of imDCs.The results of stepwise regression and principal component analysis showed that PFN1 had the highest component coefficient.Conclusions PFN1 may be a key MCBPs involved in the process of antigen phagocytosis of imDCs,which is of great significance for further understanding the relationship between changes in the cytoskeleton structure of imDCs and their immunological functions.