Gastroenterology ; Humans

[Summary] Holistic integrative medicine ( HIM ) is an ultimate direction and a new way for medical development. It emphases the organic integration of the most advanced knowledge and theories in medical sciences with the most valuable clinical experiences. Treating ( endocrine and metabolic diseases) patients with the concept of HIM, and implementing practical strategies will greatly accelerate the advancement of HIM.

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is widely thought to be a major cause of the failure in cancer chemotherapy. The detection of MDR marker is therefore valuabe in studying the mechanisms of MDR and to predict response to chemotherapy in patient with carcinoma. Previous studies have examined MDR marker in gastric cancer, but the major part of the investigation in patients have focused on a single parameter. The purposes of this study were to detect the expression of glutathione S transferase pi(GST ?), multidrug resistance associated protein(MRP), lung resistance protein(LRP) and multidrug resistance gen 1 (MDR1) in the patients with primary gastric cancer, who had not received prior chemotherapy, and evaluate the correlation between GST ?, MRP, LRP and MDR1. The expression of GST ?, MRP, LRP and MDR1 mRNA in carcinoma tissue and the adjacent non cancerous tissue from 50 patients was examined by semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR). The positive rate of GST ? mRNA, MRP mRNA, LRP mRNA and MDR1 mRNA in gastric cancer tissue were 36.00%, 12.00%, 10.00%, and 10.00% respectively. Their expression in gastric cancer tissue was significantly higher than that in the adjacent non cancerous tissue. The overall positive rate of their expression in gastric tissue was 48.00%. The results indicated that GST ? mRNA, MRP mRNA, LRP mRNA and MDR1 mRNA are overexpressed in various degrees and no co expression exists among the studied genes in gastric cancer,and perhaps intrinsic MDR exists in 46% patients with primary gastric cancer .

In patients with liver cirrhosis,variceal bleeding is a common fatal complication of portal hypertension.Varices are present in al-most half of patients with cirrhosis at the time of diagnosis.Since transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS)was first applied clini-cally in 1988,the relevant information about TIPS has been continually updated and perfected by lots of clinical trials.The role of TIPS in the prevention and treatment of variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension,including primary prevention of variceal bleeding,treatment of acute variceal bleeding,and prevention of rebleeding,is reviewed.TIPS is an effective treatment for variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension.Along with the technical development,TIPS will be available for more and more patients and will play an increasingly important role in the prevention and treatment of variceal bleeding among cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension.

Objective To generate specific targeting T cells against gastrointestinal cancer, a eukaryotic expression vector encoding carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) specific single chain variable fragment(scFv) fused to the transmembrane and intracellular domains of the signal transducing chain of CD3? was constructed. Methods Anti CEA scFv cDNA was obtained by RT PCR. The transmembrane and intracellular domains of CD3?cDNA was amplified from human T lymphocyte using RT PCR to clone into a eukaryotic expression vector, and anti CEA scFv cDNA was inserted upstream of CD3?. Finally, the eukaryotic expression vector containing scFv CD3? pcDNA3.0 was constructed and sequenced. Results A 810 base pair of anti CEA scFv was in accordance with sequence concerned, a 438 base pair of cDNA of the transmembrane and intracellular domains of CD3? was confirmed as sequence concerning of GenBank. Further identification was carried out through agarose electrophoresis after enzyme digestion. Conclusion We constructed a fusion molecular with both CEA targeting and CD3? signal transduction perporties, which lay a good foundation for generation of modified cytotoxic T lymphocytes against gastrointestinal tumors.

The aim is to investigate the effects of tumornecrosis factor ?(TNF?0 and interferon a(IFN?) on the cytotoxicity of mitomycin C(MMC) in vitro. The cytotoxicity of the three agents against gastric cancer cell line and freshly isolated gastric cancer cells were determined by the MTT assay. TNF? and/or IFN? (each 0~5000U/ml) showed cytotoxicity effects only on one of ten cell cultures dose-dependently; the combination resulted in a more significant effect. The combination of MMC with TNF? (30U/ml) or IFN?(l00U/ml) could enhance the cytotoxicity of MMC on two of three cell cultures synergisticly. When three agents were used together, the cytotoxicity of MMC against the ten cell cultures was enhanced synergisticly. TNF? and IFN? could enhance the cytotoxicity of MMC synergisticly, and this may make the cancer chemotherapy more effective.

Medicine has encountered unprecedented problems associated with changes in nature,society,and environment,as well as with new human quests for survival,longevity,and health.In the meantime,the development of medicine is facing challenges that resulted from the over-division and specialization of disciplines and the fragmentation of medical knowledge.To construct a new medical system that is more suitable for human health and disease treatment,holistic integrative medicine (HIM),which regards the human body as a holistic entity,organically integrates the most advanced knowledge and theories in each medical field and the most effective practices in various clinical specialties to revise and adjust on the basis of social,environmental,and psychological conditions.HIM is the inevitable and necessary direction for the future development of medicine.In this article,we illustrated the connotation of HIM,the differences between HIM and other medical conceptions,and the practice of HIM in recent years.

Objective　To investigate the effect of a new cloned full length gene, C2 gene which encodes a translation initiation factor, on cell cycle and the relationship between C2gene and apoptosis. Methods　Construct a eukaryotic vector carrying the full length of C2 gene, then transfected it into a gastric cell line-SGC7901 cells and gained cells expressing C2 protein transiently or stably. Test the expression of C2 protein and the change of cell cycle of the transfected cells using the flurescence activatied cell sorting(FACS) and the changes of their ultra structure electromicroscopically. Results　The C2 gene eukaryotic expression vector was successfully constructed. FACS showed the C2 protein expression ratio of transfected cells was 32.3%, while the empty control group was 0.9%. The test of cell cycle showed that there was appeared apoptosis peak in transiently or stably transfected cells. The apoptosis cells can be seen electromicroscopically among the C2 transfected cells. Conclusions　C2 gene transfection can lead SGC7901 cells to apoptosis, but the mechanism has to be further study.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and angiogenesis in tumor. Methods: VEGF 165 sense and antisense gene recombinants were introduced into human gastric cancer cells, respectively. Then the growth of transfected cells in nude mice and the microvascular density and histological change were examined. Results: The growth rate of tumor in nude mice inoculated with sense VEGF cells was markedly higher than that in nude mice inoculated with antisense-VEGF cells. In histological examination, the microvascular density in tumor caused by sense-VEGF cells was greatly higher than that in tumor caused by antisense VEGF cells. Conclusion: As starting angiogenesis, VEGF might promote the growth of tumor, and the inhibition of VEGF production might prevent solid tumor from growing.

Holistic integrative medicine,abbreviated as HIM,has been officially proposed since 2012.Its theoretical system has been continuously improved,and its practical methods have become increasingly diverse,becoming an inevitable choice and path for the medical development in the new era.This article demonstrates ten major propositions for HIM,elaborating on the connotation and extension of HIM from the perspectives of epistemology and methodology,in order to achieve the transformation and adaptive evolution of modern medicine.