The cultivation of practice ability of public health personnel was studied, in order to adapt to the new public health system requirements in practical ability training. With integrating the teaching contents, setting experiment course independently, implementing 'Process-experiment', establishing the experimental skills evaluation system of the formative assessment and summative assessment, public health personnel's practice ability has been improved.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical distribution and resistance of Alcaligenes xylosoxidans,discussing risk factors of nosocomial infection and measures of prevention and treatment.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 1323 isolated strains of Al.xylosoxidans in our hospital from Sep 2004 to Aug 2006.RESULTS For specimen from which Al.xylosoxidans was examined,sputum accounted for 99.85%,being the highest percentage.Al.xylosoxidans was especially distributed at respiratory ward(46.94%) and intensive care unit(ICU) ward(12.77%).Then was cardiovascular ward,endocrinology ward and hematology ward.The antibiotic drugs which had the high drug-resistance rate(i.e.more than 98%) were aminoglycoside(amikacin and gentamicin),quinolone(ciprofloxacin) and cefepime.But the drug-resistance rate to carbapenems,?-lactam/?-lactamase inhibitor combinations and the third generation cepholosporins(cefoperazone and ceftazidime) was less than 5%.CONCLUSIONS It is important for clinic to strengthen the disinfection for hospital environment and to use antibiotic drugs reasonably in order to control colonization and spread of Al.xylosoxidans in hospital.

Objective To analyze the identification and antibiotic resistance of non active Escherichia coli isolated from feces . Methods Clinical fecal specimens were collected from January 2013 to June 2015 for bacterial culture ,identification and antimicro-bial susceptibility testing .Results Sixty-one strains of E .coli ,inactive were detected ,18 strains of which could be agglutinated with diagnostic serum of Shigella .Three stains could produce extented spectrum β-lactamases(ESBLs);The rate of antibiotic resistance of amoxicillin and ticarcillin was 100% ,The rate of piperacillin ,cephalothin and sulfamethoxazole was 78% ,the rate of cefoxitin and amikacin was 33% ,the rate of piperacillin/tazobactam ,imipenem and meropenem was 0% .Conclusion Non active Escherichia coli can induce diarrhea ,which is easily misdiagnosed as Shigella ,the antimicrobial resistance between Escherichia coli and non active Escherichia coli is not significant difference .

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of white blood cell(WBC) ,neutrophilic granulocyte percentage(NEUT% ) and C‐reactive protein(CRP) in lung infection of early chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) ,and analyse the pathogen dis‐tribution .Methods 186 cases of hospitalized patients with COPD were enrolled as research group and 60 healthy ones as control group .Compared WBC ,NEUT% ,CRP levels between the two groups .According to sputum culture results ,patients were divided into normal flora group and pathogen growth group;according to the type of pathogen ,patients were divided into G+ and G- group . Analyse WBC and CRP levels in each groups and compare sensitivity ,specificity and positive predictive value of the two indicators . Distribution of positive sputum culture results were statistically analyzed .Results The levels of three indicators in research group were higher than those in control group(P<0 .05) .WBC and CRP levels in normal flora and pathogen growth groups were not sig‐nificantly different(P>0 .05) .Based on sputum culture positive results ,the number of fungi is 86 ,and Candida albicans were the most accounting for 35 .85% .The number of bacteria were 73 strains .Differences in WBC ,NEUT% and CRP between G+ group and G- group were not significant(P> 0 .05) .Conclusion WBC ,NEUT% and CRP levels in COPD patients were higher than those in healthy group .But due to many factors which could affect the levels of WBC ,NEUT% and serum CRP ,a preliminary diag‐nosis of COPD lung infection can′t be made just through the three indicators .

Objective To investigate the role of Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway in the endotoxin induced acute lung injury (ALI) during the treatment by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).Methods Six SPF male SD rats were isolated and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were cultured.A total of 72 SPF male SD rats with 6-week-old were randomly (random number) divided into 4 groups:control group (n =18) in which phosphate buffered solution (PBS) used instead of lipopolysaccharide (LPS);LPS group (n =18) in which LPS used to induce acute lung injury;LPS + MSCs group (n =18) in which MSCs directly transplanted after injection of LPS;Control + MSCs group (n =18) in which MSCs transplanted after injection of PBS.And then 6 rats of each group were sacrificed at 6 h,24 h,and 48 h separately after injection of LPS.At 24 h after the modeling,lung tissue was taken and the levels of Wrnt signaling pathway components were detected by using immunohistochemistry and Western blot.In addition,quantitative realtime PCR was used to detect the expression of Wnt signaling pathway target genes.Results Compare with the PBS control group,significant decrease in lung dry-to-wet ratio and increase in arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) were found in MSCS transplantation groups.According the immunohistological results,Wnt 5a was significantly increased in the LPS-induced ALI rats and decreased after MSCs transplantation.Moreover,decrease in levels of GSK-3β phosphorylation and β-catenin was found in the lung tissue after MSCs transplantation.In addition,the expressions of Wnt signaling target genes Vegf,Axin2 and Klf4 were decreased significantly after MSCs transplantation.Conclusions In the setting of ALI,the therapeutic effect of MSCs was exerted by decreasing the expressions of Wnt 5a,GSK-3β phosphorylation,β-catenin,and Wnt signaling target genes Vegf,Axin2 and Klf4.Wnt signaling implicated in the therapeutic effect of MSC in the setting of ALI.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the dynamic changes of a group of cytokines in phosgene-induced lung injury and the function of different dose of ulinastatin through animal experiment.

METHODS104 male SD rats were randomly assigned into the control group, ulinastatin control group, phosgene treatment groups and different dose of ulinastatin intervention groups, 8 rats each group. Treatment groups were dynamic constant exposure in phosgene, and immediately injected ulinastatin intraperitoneal, and then the experimental animal, the lung tissue biopsy, lung wet/dry ratio, RT-PCR detection, the plasma for detection of Bio-Plex 18 cytokines.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, plasma concentrations of IL-1α, IL-6, GM-CSF, TNF-α, INF-γ, MIP-3α, VEGF were increased significantly first (2 h), and gradually decreased with the passage of time , the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Plasma concentrations of IL-4, IL-10 were decreased earlier (2h, 6 h) and increased later (24 h) (P < 0.05). The change of plasma concentration of IL-13 was not obvious earlier (2 h) and still rising later (24h), the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). After drug intervention, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines declined and the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines raise by different degrees at different times in ulinastatin intervention groups, the difference was statistically significant. The degree of lung injury was improved than the phosgene treatment groups and better in high dose of ulinastatin intervention group. The expression of IL-10, IL-4, IL-13-mRNA of tissue increased in accordance with plasma results.

CONCLUSIONA group of cytokines are dynamicly changed in phosgene-induced lung injury by time. High dose of ulinastatin can improved phosgene-induced lung injury, regulate the synthesis and release of inflammatory cytokines and inhibit inflammatory react in a dose-dependent manner.

Animals ; Cytokines ; metabolism ; Glycoproteins ; pharmacology ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; Interleukin-10 ; Interleukin-13 ; Interleukin-1alpha ; Interleukin-4 ; Interleukin-6 ; Lung ; Lung Injury ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; Male ; Phosgene ; toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha