OBJECTIVE To analyze the antimicrobial therapeutic schemes in appendectomy inpatients so as to(evaluate) the economic impact factors of each project.METHODS Totally 286 medical cases of appendectomy inpatients were chosen and analyzed from 2003 to 2005.The antimicrobial agent costs of each scheme were evaluated by(using) cost minimization analysis of pharmacoeconomic method.RESULTS There were 24 kinds of antimicrobial therapeutic schemes used by 286 cases.The commonest schemes were nitrodazoles + ?-lactams and nitrodazoles + ?-lactams + aminoglycosides(or clindamycin). The drug costs were 1671.46 and 1977.13 yuan(RMB)(individually) in combination of two or three kinds of antimicrobial agents.Choosing metronidazole instead of ornidazole could reduce drug fee significantly,which was also observed in choosing ceftazidime instead of other ?-lactams.CONCLUSIONS The antimicrobial drug utilization in our hospital is rational as a whole.Considering of economic factors,using metronidazole and ceftazidime(administering clindamycin if necessary) may be better than other schemes for prventing wound infection.

OBJECTIVE:To analyse the correlation between cyclosporine A(CsA)and the biochemical indicator of renal transplantation patients.METHODS:The patients were divided into6groups according to the different time length after renal transplatataion:0y～1y,1y～2y,2y～3y,3y～4y,4y～5y and above5y;the blood samples were taken12h after oral administra?tion of CsA,the of concentration CsA in blood of each group was determined and the biochemical tests of which were taken;post-operation medication and the correlation between the blood biochemical index were statistically analyzed by Stata soft?ware.RESULTS:The dosage of CsA decreased gradually from group1to group6,and the concentration of CsA also de?creased.And the data of BUN in group1,5and6were higher than the upper limit of their standard data,the data of triglyc?eride(TG)in group1,2,3,5and6were higher than the upper limit of their stand data;there were significant differences in the data of TP、ALB、TB、DB、Ua、TC、TG、?-GT among the6groups,while the data of ALP、ALT、AST、Glu、BUN、Cr among the6groups have no notable difference.CONCLUSION:The administration of CsA after renal transplantation can change bio?chemical indicator in patients.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the economic benefits of pharmaceutical care after hospital drug price addition has been cancelled. METHODS: To analyze the way to create economic benefits from hospital pharmaceutical services in China by drawing experiences from developed countries. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: Canceling of hospital drug price addition is conducive to the increase of the status of pharmacists. Medical institutions can profit from extending pharmaceutical services.

theengraftment of neutrophil and platelet after HLA-matched sibling allogeneic blood and marrow transplantation.Duration from diagnosis to trarmplantation was another factor influencing engraftment of platelet.

Objective To study the outcome of HLA-identical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation ( HSCT) for severe aplastic anemia (SAA). Methods Twenty patients diagnosed with SAA received allogeneic HSCT from HLA-identical donors ( 17 from siblings and 3 from unrelated donors) between January 2000 and November 2008. Conditioning regimen consisted of cyclophosphamide ( Cy) and anti-thymocyte immunoglobulin (ATG). The patients were administrated with G-CSF-primed bone marrow (G-BM) and mobilized peripheral blood (G-PB) as grafts from the sibling donors or only G-PB from the unrelated donors. Results The median infused number of mononuclear cells and CD_(34)~+ cells were 7. 89 (4-14.21) × 10~8/kg and 2.60 (0.81-4.45) × 10~6/kg. All the patients got engraftment with 100% donor chimerism. The median time of neutrophil and platelet engraftment were 14 ( 11-20) d and 12 (8-108 )d respectively. The cumulative incidence rate of acute GVHD at 100 d was 16% (grade I : 3 cases,grade II :3 cases). Chronic GVHD occurred in 7 of the 19 evaluable cases (4 limited, 3 extensive). Till February 28, 2009, with a median follow-up of 18 months, 17 patients were alive and the overall survival rate was 82. 5%. Conclusion The study confirms that using G-PB with or without G-BM as graft after Cy + ATG conditioning results in excellent outcome of HLA-identical HSCT in patients with SAA.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of secondary anti-fungal prophylaxis (SAP) in haematopoietic stem cell recipients who had a history of antecedent invasive fungal infection(IFI). Methods The patients with hematological diseases,who were scheduled to undergo haernatopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in our unit from April 2005 to July 2008, received our routine conditioning regimen. Patients,who had a history of antecedent IFI,were given SAP from the start of conditioning chemotherapy until the end of the at-risk period. We chose the effective antifungal drug that was used for antecedent IFI as the secondary prophylaxis drug. Results There were 26 patients at entry. Six patients had probably adverse events (AEs) related to the secondary prophylaxis drug during the prophylactic process and the secondary prophylaxis terminated in two patients because of AEs. The remaining patients received SAP for a medium of 75 days (range 10-212 days). Relapsing IFI occurred in four patients during SAP and in one after SAP. The rate of reLapsing IFI was 19. 2% (5/26). The median time of re]apsing IFI was day 42(range,1-146). The mortality rate among relapsed patients was 60. 0% (3/5). No risk factors that might be associated with IFI was identified by logistic regression model. Conclusion Prior IFI is not an absolute contraindication for HSCT. Secondary antifungal prophylaxis can reduce the risk of recurrent infection in patients with prior IFI, but its schedule and time of therapy need further study.

0. 1). All the GI-GVHD and CMV colitis patients presented with a variety of colonic mucosal lesions. Besides the tortoiseshell-pattern mucosa and deep ulcer were characteristic lesions in GI-GVHD and CMV colitis respectively, the remaining mucosa lesions including edema, reddish patchy, erythma, erosion and superficial ulcer could not differentiate GI-GVHD from CMV colitis. Three GI-GVHD cases presented with pseud-omembrane, and 1 CMV colitis patient with herpes-like mucosa. Oozing bleeding of terminal-ileum mucosa and ileocecal valve inflammation could easily be found in GC patients. 63. 8% tissue samples were taken biopsies from rectosigmoid in GI-GVHD, and 70. 0% and 43. 8% in CMV colitis and GC patients respectively. Conclusion The positivity of peripheral blood CMV-DNA can not distinguish GI-GVHD from CMV colitis in allo-HSCT patients. GI-GVHD and CMV colitis manifest with a variety of lesions in colonoscopy, the tor- toiseshell-pattern mucosa in GI-GVHD and deep ulcer in CMV colitis are characteristic lesions. The patients of GI-GVHD complicated with CMV colitis readily present oozing bleeding of terminal-ileum mucosa and ileo-cecal valve inflammation. Colonoscopy and tissue biopsy of left-colon can diagnose the most of GI-GVHD and CMV colitis, but it's better to undertake pan-colon as well as terminal ileum examination for more accurate diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate characteristics and regularity of ADR induced by antineoplastic drugs and provide ref-erence for the safe drug use. METHODS:7 417 ADR reports induced by antineoplastic drugs from 91 hospitals from 2009 to 2013 were collected in the ADR monitoring center of PLA. According to the classification in national ADR monitoring cencer,Excel soft-ware was performed to statistically analyze the data. RESULTS:Among 7 417 ADR reports,1 475 were severe ADR(19.89%), 196 were the new and general ADR(2.64%),and 44 were new and severe ADR(0.59%);the elderly patients aged from 45-59 years accounted for the highest proportion (41.01%);intravenous administration was the main administration route causing ADR (88.96%);the incidence of antineoplastic drugs was higher in plant-derived drugs(26.55%),platinum drugs(24.86%)and an-ti-metabolism drugs (19.46%);ADR mostly manifested as lesions of digestive system (38.80%),blood system (16.53%) and general system(12.79%);43.60%ADR occurred within 12 hours after administration. CONCLUSIONS:Highly poisonous,nar-row-range security antineoplastic drugs could easily induce ADR. Risk prevention of antineoplastic drugs should be strengthened to undertake monitoring for high-risk patients and antineoplastic drugs,and severe ADR. More attention should be attached to the reac-tions after 12 h administration to reduce ADR incidence as much as possible.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of chimeric anti-CD2 monoclonal antibody (basiliximab) on acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in patients following aliogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Methods Thirty-six patients who were suffered from acute GVHD from March 2005 to July 2007 were studied. All of them were treated with steroid first and got no response, then began basiliximab therapy. Results Thirty of 36 patients showed response to basiliximab therapy including 25 complete responses and 5 partial responses. The efficacy was associated with the degree of GVHD and the source of donor. Conclusion Patients suffered from steroid-resistant acute GVHD can be successfully treated with basiliximab.