Molecular methods and fluoroscopic techniques suggest that rich microbial diversity exist in the marine environment, but less than 1% of these microbes can be cultured in the laboratory conditions, and that the cultivable dominant species were even less. This limitation has long been a barrier to the development of environmental microbiology and the utilization of marine resources. In the past decade, novel methods for culture and detection of these uncultured marine microbes have successfully applied to obtain several conventionally-uncultured microbes including those from extreme environments. Those progresses have inspired researchers greatly. Developments in the research of marine microbial resources are an important basis for the study of the micro-world and deserve increasing scientific attention.

Objective To investigate the mental health states of health system staffs in a district of Chongqing municipality. Methods Seven hundred and seventy-three health system staffs were taken as the research subjects for conducting the investigation by the Symptoms Checklist-90 (SCL-90).With the total SCL-90 score >160 as the positive psychological symptom,the total mean scores of SCL-90 and the 9 items of factor score of somatization,obsession,personal relations,depression,anxiety,hostility,dread, paranoid and psychotics were performed the statistical analysis.Results The positive rate of psychological symptoms in 773 health system staffs was 17.46% (135/773),among them which in the clinical nurses,clinicians and nonclinical staffs were 23.20%(58/250),15.63%(50/320)and 13.30%(27/203)respectively.The somatization and obsession scores of the health system staffs in this district were obviously higher than those of the national norm (P <0.05),while their personal relations and paranoid scores were obviously lower than those of the national norm(P <0.01).The paranoid scores of the staffs in the district health units were higher than those of the staffs worked in town health units(P <0.05),and other 8 items of factor score and the total mean scores were significantly higher than those in the town health unit staffs (P <0.01).The scores of obsession,depression,anxiety,hostility and the total mean scores of the clinical nurses were significantly higher than those of the clinicians (P <0.01),while scores of so-matization,personal relations,paranoid and psychotics had no significant differences between them(P > 0.05).The total mean scores of the clinical nurses were higher than those of the non-clinical staffs(P <0.05).Conclusion The scores of multiple factors had significant differences between the health system staffs in this district and the national norm.The psychological health status in the clinicians was poorer than that in the non-clinical staffs,especially the psychological health status in the clinical nurses were much poorer.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of clinical and cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging(CMR) of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy with left ventricular(ALVC) involvement. Methods Ten cases of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy with left ventricular involvement and sixteen randomly chosen cases of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy with right ventricular (ARVC) involvement were enrolled in this study. Clinical symptoms, cardiac electrophysiological changes as well as the cardiac morpharage, ventricular functions and delayed enhancement of myocardium assessed by CMR were compared between the two groups. The size of heart chambers, global ventricular functions and the fat/fibrosis infiltration were evaluated by turbo fast spin echo, ture FISP cine and delayed enhancement. These were statistically analyzed by independent samples t test, respectively.Results There was no significant difference in age and gender between two groups. All the patients in two groups presented non-specific clinical manifestations with no significant differences (P>0.05) except for short of breath(P=0.034). The end-diastolic diameter of left ventricular, left ventricular end-diastolic volume index, left and right ejection fraction in ALVC and ARVC group were (64.2±7.7), (49.2±5.9) mm(t=5.551,P<0.001), (113.9±24.0), (69.2± 30.0) ml/m2(t=3.962, P<0.001), (38.5±3.1)%, (56.0±8.4)%(t=-6.733,P<0.001), (42.0±5.5)%, (18.0±7.3)%(t=8.817, P<0.001) respectively. An medium of 11 and 14 segments of fat or fat/fibrosis were found in intramural wall of the LV myocardiumin patients with ALVC,while only 0 segment(all P<0.001)was found in patients with ARVC.Conclusions The clinical manifestations of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy with left ventricular involvement was similar to ARVC, however, with regarding to cardiac morphological, functional and myocardial lesions, these two diseases have different characteristics in CMR features.“one-stop-shop”MRI examination has high value in the diagnosis of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy with Left ventricular involvement.

OBJECTIVES: Some changes are found in the labyrinth anatomy during postnatal development. Although the spatial orientation of semicircular canals was thought to be stable after birth, we investigated the age-related orientational changes of human semicircular canals during development. METHODS: We retrospectively studied the computed tomography (CT) images of both ears of 76 subjects ranged from 1 to 70 years old. They were divided into 4 groups: group A (1-6 years), group B (7-12 years), group C (13-18 years), and group D (>18 years). The anatomical landmarks of the inner ear structures were determined from CT images. Their coordinates were imported into MATLAB software for calculating the semicircular canals orientation, angles between semicircular canal planes and the jugular bulb (JB) position. Differences between age groups were analyzed using multivariate statistics. Relationships between variables were analyzed using Pearson analysis. RESULTS: The angle between the anterior semicircular canal plane and the coronal plane, and the angle between the horizontal semicircular canal plane and the coronal plane were smaller in group D than those in group A (P<0.05). The JB position, especially the anteroposterior position of right JB, correlated to the semicircular canals orientation (P<0.05). However, no statistically significant differences in the angles between ipsilateral canal planes among different age groups were found. CONCLUSION: The semicircular canals had tendencies to tilt anteriorly simultaneously as a whole with age. The JB position correlated to the spatial arrangement of semicircular canals, especially the right JB. Our calculation method helps detect developmental and pathological changes in vestibular anatomy.
Ear ; Ear, Inner ; Humans* ; Methods ; Parturition ; Retrospective Studies ; Semicircular Canals* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To characterize the cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) features of peripartum cardiomyopathy(PPCM) and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy(IDCM), and to explore the value of MRI in the diagnosis of PPCM. Methods Ten cases of PPCM and 10 cases of Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM) were included in this study. With 1.5 T MRI scanner, the heart shape (atrioventricular size, hypertrabeculation, thickness of the thinnest ventricular wall), function (ventricular wall movement and the overall function), cardiomyopathy perfusion were comprehensively evaluated. Paired samples t?test and Fisher exact probability method were used for statistical analysis. Results Between PPCM and IDCM group, there was no statistical significant difference in the atrioventricular size, cardiac output(CO), end diastolic volume(EDV), ejection fraction (EF), end systolic volume (ESV) and stroke volume (SV) (P>0.05). IDCM and PPCM group both showed ventricular wall thinning on MRI, with 4 cases of PPCM and 3 cases of IDCM presenting hypertrabeculation in the left ventricular apex. Seven cases of PPCM and 4 cases of IDCM depicted left ventricular local dysfunction, while 3 cases of PPCM and 6 cases of IDCM had abnormal integral movement. Two cases of PPCM appeared local delayed enhancement, while 4 cases of IDCM showed intramural delayed enhancement. After one year of follow?up, heart function recovered in 10 cases of PPCM and 4 cases of IDCM. Conclusions MRI diagnosis using multiple sequences is an ideal method in the evaluation of PPCM. Although there were no differences in cardiac morphology and function between PPCM and IDCM, the prognosis of PPCM is better than IDCM.

OBJECTIVETo explore the correlation between pathological characteristics of target organs and excess evil syndrome in IgA nephropathy.

METHODSData were collected in multicenter cooperation. Totally 266 IgA nephropathy patients were typed into exogenous wind-heat affection syndrome (49 cases), lower energizer damp-heat syndrome (100 cases), damp-phlegm syndrome (43 cases), and blood stasis syndrome (74 cases). Meanwhile, percutaneous renal biopsy was performed in all patients for Hass classification, Oxford classification, Katafuchi integral, and Jiang's classification methods. The correlation between excess evil syndrome and pathological index was analyzed.

RESULTSFour syndrome types were correlated with their Hass levels (r = 0. 341, P <0. 01). Affection of exogenous wind-heat syndrome was correlated with segmental proliferation of endothelial cells and damaged active lesions of segmental capillary loops. Lower-energizer damp-heat syndrome was associated with Hass III level, destroying active lesions of capillary loops, segmental proliferation of endothelial cells, glomerular segmental lesions, focal interstitial infiltration of inflammatory cells, focal interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. Blood stasis syndrome was associated with Hass IV level, glomerular sclerosis, segmental glomerulosclerosis (S)/adhesion, mesangial hypercellularity (M), angiohyalinosis, multi-foci interstitial infiltration of inflammatory cells, multi-foci interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. Phlegm-damp syndrome had higher proportions of Hass I and III levels, but with no association with other pathological parameters.

CONCLUSIONSExcess evil syndrome was associated with partial pathological characteristics of IgA nephropathy. It could reflect pathological damage degree of target organs, activities, chronic lesions, and prognosis of IgA nephropathy to certain extent. Correlated pathological characteristics and its evolution could indicate excess evil syndrome types and their evolution rules.

Capillaries ; Fibrosis ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA ; pathology ; Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental ; Humans ; Kidney Glomerulus ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Prognosis ; Syndrome

OBJECTIVETo study the relations between different feeding patterns and the body weight retention of the perinatal women living in rural areas of China.

METHODSA cluster sampling method was used to investigate 409 women, who are currently living in rural areas of Tianjin, at pregnant and perinatal status. While, their body weights and heights before pregnancy, antepartum and postpartum were measured, respectively. Body weight retention was the difference of the measured data after postpartum minus pre-pregnant weight. Variance analysis was used for statistic comparison.

RESULTSThe rate of exclusive breastfeeding was 70.9% (290/409) within four months. The net body weight retention of women (5.8 kg) using the exclusive breastfeeding was lower than that of the women (7.0 kg) using artificial feeding within 4 - 6 months, but there was no significantly statistic difference (F = 1.45, P = 0.236). However, there was the opposite result within 7 - 9 months, the data showed that the body weight retention in the women using the exclusive breastfeeding was 4.9 kg, which was significantly higher than that the women (2.9 kg) with artificial feeding (F = 3.17, P = 0.043). The food consumption of the women (901 g) using exclusive breastfeeding was the highest, followed by those (877 g) using mixed feeding and the women (750 g) using artificial feeding.

CONCLUSIONThe body weight retention after postpartum should be related to infant feeding patterns. After postpartum, the weight loss of women using the exclusive breastfeeding is relatively low. While, for the women using the exclusive breastfeeding, the net weight retention during pregnancy and after postpartum were lower than those with artificial feeding. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance health education and guidance on promoting exclusive breast-feeding as well as increasing awareness on pre-pregnant health.

Body Weight ; Breast Feeding ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Health Status ; Humans ; Infant ; Rural Population ; Sampling Studies

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the influence of different pneumoperitoneal media on colon carcinoma LS-174T cell proliferation in vitro.

METHODSThe artificial pneumoperitoneum was established. The proliferation of LS-174T cells was detected by MTT assay and soft agar clone formation assay. Expression of HIF-1alpha and VEGF was examined by immunohistochemistry. Apoptosis of LS-174T cells was analyzed by AO/EB double fluorescein stain and flow cytometry.

RESULTSThe growth speed and proliferating capacity of LS-174T cells in CO(2) pneumoperitoneum group[A:0.37 +/- 0.02,formation (32.8 +/- 3.6)%] were significantly higher than those in control group [A:0.33 +/- 0.01,formation (28.4 +/- 2.3)%] and He group [A:0.30 +/- 0.01,formation (23.5 +/- 2.7)%], meanwhile the He group was the lowest (P<0.01). Positive expression of HIF-1alpha and VEGF in CO(2) and He artificial pneumoperitoneum up-regulated significantly as compared to control group(P<0.01), meanwhile the above expression was higher in CO(2) group (P<0.01). The G(0 )/G(1) ratio in CO(2) group was the lowest as compared to control group and He group (P<0.01), and G(0 )/G(1) ratio in He group was higher than that of control group(P<0.01). Aapoptosis rate in He group was the highest as compared with the other two groups(P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONCO(2) pneumoperitoneum has stronger effect on the proliferation of colon carcinoma cell LS-174T as compared to He pneumoperitoneum in vitro.

Apoptosis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Colonic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; metabolism ; Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial ; methods

OBJECTIVETo analyze the advantages and disadvantages of bipedicular approach and uni-extrapedicular approach of vertebroplasty in treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs).

METHODSFrom January 2008 to December 2010,53 patients with OVCFs were retrospectively analyzed. There were 24 males, 30 females with an average age of 66.9 years (ranged,59 to 88 years). Among them, 26 cases were treated with bipedicular approach, 28 cases were treated with uni-extrapedicular approach. The data of bone cement injection, radiology exposure times, operation time, bone cement leakage and vessels nerve complications were observed. Cobb angle, vertebral compression ration were observed by imaging data, and evaluate recovery of deformity.

RESULTSThe data of bone cement injection, radiology exposure times, operation time, VAS score were (6.6 +/- 0.8) ml and (6.8 +/- 1.5) ml, (21.7 +/- 4.0) times and (17.9 +/- 3.6) times, (40.5 +/- 5.5) min and (31.6 +/- 9.1) min, (2.8 +/- 0.6) scores and (3.1 +/- 0.5) scores respectively. Cobb angle,vertebral compression ration were (7.6 +/- 2.0) degrees and (6.9 +/- 2.6) degrees, (18.1 +/- 5.8)% and (16.5 +/- 6.1)%. There were no vascular nerve complications occurred. For bone cement leakage, 3 cases (11%) in bipedicular approach and 3 cases (11%)in uni-extrapedicular approach. There was no significant differences between two groups in VAS score, recovery of vetebral body, Cobb angle, bone cement injection and bone cement leakage, but had significant differences in radiology exposure times and operation time (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONBoth of two approaches can treat OVCFs well, especially extropedicle approach which could reduce operation time and radiation shoot frequency.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Fractures, Compression ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporotic Fractures ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Fractures ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Vertebroplasty ; methods

OBJECTIVETo construct deltaNp63 specific small hairpin RNA (shRNA) expressing plasmid,to examine its inhibitory effect to the expression of deltaNp63 protein and mRNA in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (TCCB) , its effect on TCCB cells cycle and proliferation.

METHODSDeltaNp63 specific oligonucleotides were designed and synthesized. These oligonucleotides were annealed to form double strand DNA fragments and this fragment was cloned into Pgenesil-1 plasmid. The recombinant deltaNp63-shRNA expression construct was confirmed by using Pst I + Sal I double digestion and by sequencing. Fluorescence staining was used to confirm the success of transfection in TCCB cells under the fluorescence microscope. The inhibitory effect of deltaNp63-shRNA construct was examined with semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemical staining assay. The cell cycle of TCCB cells was assayed by flow cytometry (FCM). The cellular proliferation of TCCB cells was assayed by tetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetry.

RESULTSThe deltaNp63-shRNA expression plasmid was successfully constructed and transfected into TCCB cells. It can effectively reduce the expression of deltaNp63 protein and mRNA. The reduction rate of deltaNp63 mRNA was 63.0%, and the G0/G1 ratio was increased and S phase was decreased in transfected TCCB cells. The cellular proliferation was also lower in transfected 5637 cells in comparrison with that of non-transfected TCCB cells.

CONCLUSIONA deltaNp63-shRNA expression plasmid, constructed from Pgenesil-1 plasmid, can successfully be transfected into TCCB cells and can effectively inhibit the expression of deltaNp63 protein and mRNA. It also can take part in regulation of the cell cycling and inhibit the cellular proliferation of TCCB cells.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Cycle ; genetics ; physiology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; physiology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Plasmids ; genetics ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Trans-Activators ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; physiology ; Transcription Factors ; Transfection ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; physiology ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology