Objective:To explore the possible specific perinatal risk factors in the development of autism through comparing the perinatal risk factors between patients with autism and other psychotic disorders.Methods: In this retrospective research,197 cases with autism and 93 cases with other psychotic disorders were selected and assessed with the self-made scale of perinatal risk factors.Statistical analyses were performed using t test and Chi-square test.Results:Compared with the control group,the autistic subjects had a significantly higher frequency of the perinatal risk factors(51 % vs.68%,P=0.003),particularly the rate of catching a cold during their mothers' pregnancy(14.2% vs.6.5%,P=0.038)and the rate of prematurity(10.7% vs.3.2%,P=0.022)than the control subjects.Feeding methods was different between the two groups(P=0.038).Conclusion:Catching a cold during mothers' pregnancy,prematurity and feeding methods may be related to the development of autism.

BACKGROUND:Transformation growth factor beta 1 is mostly used to induce the chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s, but there is a poor induction efficacy.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s co-cultured with articular chondrocytes or induced by transforming growth factor beta 1.
METHODS:Articular chondrocytes and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s from SD rats were harvested and divided into 1:2, 2:1, 1:1 concentration groups. Cel s induced by transforming growth factor beta 1 acted as control group. After 20 days of induced culture, MTT was used to detect cel viability, alcian blue colorimetric assay was applied to measure glycosaminoglycan content, and western blot assay was employed to determine the expression of col agen type II.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The absorbance value in the control group was significantly lower than that in the 1:1 and 2:1 groups (P<0.05). Glycosaminoglycan content and protein expression of col agen type II were also lower in the control group than the 1:2, 1:1, 2:1 groups. But there was no difference between 1:1 and 2:1 groups (P>0.05). The results show that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s co-cultured with articular chondrocytes can be induced to differentiate into chondrocytes, and meanwhile, there is a saturation phenomenon during the chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s.

The 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were used as carriers in the investigation of total extract, n-butanol extract, CB-1 and CB-2 of Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. on cell proliferation and differentiation. Three groups at different doses were set for each of the four extract regions of C. tinctoria Nutt., respectively. MTT assay was used to detect 3T3-L1cell proliferation by four extract regions of C. tinctoria Nutt. Oil Red O staining was used to analyze the formation and accumulation of cytoplasmic lipid during cell differentiation. The results showed that compared with the control group, there were significant inhibition on cell proliferation when thetotal extract of C. tinctoriaNutt. at 100 μg·mL-1, n-butanol extract at 0.5, 5, and 50 μg·mL-1, CB-1 and CB-2 at 50 μg·mL-1 (P< 0.01). N-butanol extract showed certain dose-dependent manner (r = -0.903). Oil Red O staining showed that compared with the control group, thetotal extract of C. tinctoria Nutt. at 1, 10, 100 μg·mL-1 can obviously inhibit cell differentiation, reduce the formation of cytoplasmic lipid (P< 0.01). N-butanol extract can inhibit cell differentiation in a dose-dependent manner (r= -0.779). CB-1 and CB-2 obviously inhibited cell differentiation at the concentration of 50 μg·mL-1 (P < 0.01). It was concluded that thetotal extract, n-butanol extract, CB-1 and CB-2 of C. tinctoria Nutt. can inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and reduce the formation of cytoplasmic lipid.

Objective To analyze the characteristic of trauma in 246 fatal falls. Methods We collect 246 cases of fatal falls from Pudong district of Shanghai from 2005 to 2014, and then analyze the characteristics of trauma by using different parameters. Results The height in suicides by fall is higher than accidents by fall (25.7m:13.98m). In all fatal falls, head has a higher possibility in suffering trauma than other body regions (75.2%), while neck has a lower possibility (6.5%). The possibility of head trauma in accidents by fall is higher than suicides by fall (89.4%:75.2%). Conclusion Comparing with suicides by fall, victims in accidents by fall have lack of protection from limbs. Besides, the low rate of ifnding neck trauma suggests legal physicians should be more careful in examining this area.

This study was aimed to discuss the influence of specific acupoint acupuncture therapy to the serum angiogenesis factor of high fat diet obese mouse models. Mice were randomly divided into the blank control group , acupuncture control group , model control group , and acupuncture treatment group . There were 6 mice in each group . Obese mouse models were induced after 15-week high fat diet . The specific acupoint acupunc-ture therapy was used as an intervention treatment method for 10 days . The enzyme-linked immunosorbent as-say (ELISA) was used in the detection of serum insulin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor , leptin and the level of nitric oxide in mice . The results showed that the serum insulin , nitric oxide and leptin level in the obese mouse models were increased . However , there were no obvious changes on the vascular endothelial growth factor and soluble vascular endothelial growth fac-tor receptor level . The specific acupoint acupuncture therapy can obviously reduce the level of serum nitric ox-ide and leptin, and improve the content of vascular endothelial growth factor in obese mouse models. However, there were no influence on the level of blood glucose and soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor . It was concluded that the specific acupoint acupuncture therapy method had preferable antiobesity action . Its mechanism of action may be related to the regulation of angiogenesis .

AIM: To observe the effect of osthole on tricalcium phosphate (TCP) particles-induced calvarial osteolysis in vivo.METHODS:Male ICR mice were randomly divided into sham group , TCP group and osthole group .A mouse calvarial model of osteolysis was established by TCP particles .On the second postoperative day , osthole (20 mg/kg) was locally injected into the calvarium under the periosteum 3 times a week.Two weeks after osthole treatment , blood and calvaria were collected to determine the level of bone turnover markers such as alkaline phosphatase ( ALP) , osteocalcin and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase ( TRACP) .The periosteum was performed to examine the release of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1βby ELISA.The calvaria was obtained for histological and molecular analyses.RESULTS:Data from HE and TRACP staining revealed that osthole prevented TCP particles-induced obvious increase in osteoclastogenesis and resorption area in the metaphysis of mouse calvaria .Osthole treatment increased ALP ac-tivity and osteocalcin level , and dncreased the activity of TRACP in the mouse serum compared with TCP group .Further-more, TCP particles-induced the releases of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1βwere significantly suppressed by osthole treatment .In addition, Western blot demonstrated that endoplasmic reticulum ( ER) stress markers such as glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) were significantly up-regulated in TCP parti-cles-implanted calvarial mice , indicating that TCP particles triggered an ER stress response in the mouse calvarial osteolysis model , which obviously attenuated by osthole .CONCLUSION:Osthole inhibits TCP particles-induced calvarial osteolysis in mice, which is mediated by inhibition of ER stress signaling pathway .

OBJECTIVETo explore the relationship between ulcerative colitis (UC) and lung injuries by assessing their clinical manifestations and characteristics.

METHODSFrom July 2009 to April 2012, 91 UC patients presenting to Longhua Hospital who met the established inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in this retrospective study. According to the scores of disease activity index, the patients were divided into the mild, moderate, and severe groups. Meanwhile, the records of pulmonary symptoms, chest X-ray image, and pulmonary function were reviewed.

RESULTSSixty-eight (74.7%) patients had at least 1 pulmonary symptom, such as cough (38.5%), shortness of breath (27.5%), and expectoration (17.6%). And 77 (84.6%) had at least 1 ventilation abnormality. Vital capacity value was significantly lower in the severe group than that in the mild group (91.82%±10.38% vs. 98.92%±12.12%, P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSLung injury is a common extraintestinal complication of UC. According to the theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine that the lung and large intestine are related, both the lungs and large intestine should be treated simultaneously.

Adult ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; complications ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Injury ; etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Vital Capacity

Objective The aim of the study was to determine the placenta volume (PV) at 11-13+6 weeks of gestation by three-dimensional ultrasound (3DUS) in combination with birth weight, placenta weight, placenta volume at birth and maternal age, body mass index (BMI) additionally. Methods From June 2011 to July 2012, placental volumes were prospectively measured by VOCAL (Virtual Organ Computer-aided Analysis) method in 129 normal pregnancies of Peking Union Medical College Hospital at 11-13+6 weeks of Gestation, multiples of the median was calculated (MOM) after logarithmic10 transformation referring to different crown-rump length (CRL) groups. The normal pregnancies were selected without any combinations or fetal abnormalities, then recorded the birth weights, placenta diameters and thicknesses and placenta weight at delivery. The maternal basic status was also concluded in the study. Results Correlation analysis results: (1) The transformed placenta volume MOM showed a significant correlation (Spearman rho=0.200, P<0.05) with birthweight but not with placenta weight or placenta volume calculated as ellipsoid (Spearman rho=0.164, 0.112 respectively, P>0.05). (2) The birthweight showed significant correlations with placenta weight, placecnta volume and maternal BMI (Spearman rho=0.478, 0.361, 0.259 respectively, P<0.01). (3) The placenta weight at birth showed a significant correlation with placenta volume at birth (Spearman rho=0.467, P<0.01) and maternal BMI (Spearman rho=0.198, P<0.05). Regression analysis results: (1) Birth weight (g)=1136.9+1530.9×MOM+45.3×BMI-15.0×maternal age (r=0.29, P=0.01<0.05). (2) Placenta weight (g)=88.1+315.3×MOM+10.0×BMI+0.1×maternal age (r=0.27, P=0.02 <0.05). Conclusions The placental volume at 11-13+6 weeks of gestation has significant correlation with birthweight. This might assist in the identification of the high risk pregnancies caring large or low for gestational age fetuses.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological, clinical characteristics and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Northeastern Sichuan, and summarize experience in time to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted. Fifty-nine patients with COVID-19 admitted to Bazhong Central Hospital and Dazhou Central Hospital from January 27th to February 9th, 2020 were selected as the subjects. The data of demography, epidemiology, laboratory examination, chest CT and related clinical treatment were collected. According to the severity of the disease, the patients were divided into three types: mild, general and severe types, and the differences of the above indices among different clinical types were compared.Results:① General information and epidemiology: 31 cases (52.5%) were male, 28 cases (47.5%) were female, the average age was (42.0±16.4) years old, and the patients over 40 years old accounted for the largest proportion (35 cases, 59.3%). The proportion of clinical type was 72.9% (43 cases) in general type, and 62.7% (37 cases) were imported type. With the increase of disease severity, the average age of patients also showed a significant increase trend [the age of the mild, general and severe patients were (30.9±13.6), (42.7±15.3), (55.8±18.9) years old, P < 0.01]. The proportion of patients with more than one basic disease in severe patients was significantly higher than those in mild and general patients [66.7% (4/6) vs. 20.0% (2/10), 9.3% (4/43), both P < 0.05]. In the distribution of clinical symptoms, the proportion of severe patients with chest distress/dyspnea was significantly higher than those in mild and general patients [66.7% (4/6) vs. 10.0% (1/10), 11.6% (5/43), both P < 0.05]. ② Laboratory examination index: the total number of white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophils count (NEU), C-reactive protein (CRP) in severe patients were higher than those in mild patients and general patients [WBC (×10 9/L): 7.21±4.35 vs. 5.85±1.69, 5.43±2.04; NEU (×10 9/L): 6.09±4.43 vs. 3.95±1.45, 3.54±1.83; CRP (mg/L): 16.00 (8.20, 46.43) vs. 5.00 (0.00, 16.13), 15.00 (3.13, 28.58)], the albumin (Alb) level in severe patients was lower than those in mild and general patients (g/L: 38.00±5.35 vs. 49.23±5.27, 39.81±2.15, both P < 0.05), while the hemoglobin (Hb) level in mild patients was higher than that in severe and general patients (g/L:155.2±12.1 vs. 141.3±6.8, 131.1±11.7, both P < 0.05). ③ Chest imaging: the CT manifestations of typical cases were single or multiple ground glass shadows. With the progress of the disease, the focus gradually increased, the scope gradually expanded, and multiple solid shadows of lung lobes were involved. ④ Treatment: all patients received at least 2 kinds of antiviral therapy, and the application rate of Interferon and Ribavirin in severe patients were higher than those in mild and general patients [100.0% (6/6) vs. 80.0% (8/10), 97.7% (42/43); 83.3% (5/6) vs. 0% (0/10), 20.9% (9/43); all P < 0.05]. ⑤ Prognosis: until March 6th 2020, 50 patients (84.8%) were discharged from the hospital after rehabilitation, and the remaining 9 patients were still under treatment, none deaths. Conclusions:The proportion of severe patients with chest distress/dyspnea is higher, the older the patients are and the more basic diseases are, the more likely they are to develop into severe type. High resolution chest CT could be considered for suspected cases or even fever patients, which may show the progress of the disease.

Objective:To summarize the atypical manifestations and treatment strategies of serous microcystic neoplasm of the pancreas.Methods:Review the case data of 11 cases of pancreatic serous microcystic adenoma with atypical preoperative clinical imaging findings admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital from July 2008 to October 2019, and summarize their clinical manifestations, CT/MRI features, and preoperative clinical diagnosis, surgical methods, postoperative conditions.Results:The median age of the 11 patients was 50 (46-66) years old, 7 females, and 4 males. There were 8 cases with back pain and 6 cases with weight loss. The preoperative imaging examination found that the lesion was located in the head and neck in 8 cases, with pancreaticobiliary duct dilatation in 7 cases, suspected vascular invasion in 3 cases, and pancreatic parenchymal atrophy in 2 cases, 3 cases showed rich blood supply and solid space, and 2 cases were connected to the pancreatic duct. Preoperative diagnosis of pancreatic malignant tumors accounted for 4 cases, neuroendocrine tumors in 3 cases, solid pseudopapillary tumors in 3 cases, and intraductal papillary mucinous tumors in 1 case. All patients underwent surgical treatment, 3 cases of distal pancreatectomy (2 cases of using Kimura method to protect the spleen), 3 cases of pancreaticoduodenectomy, 1 case of total pancreatectomy, 2 cases of pancreatic head resection with duodenum preservation, 2 cases of local resection. All patients had no early postoperative deaths. There were 2 cases of grade B pancreatic fistula, 2 cases of biochemical leakage, 1 case of postoperative abdominal hemorrhage, and 2 cases of delayed gastric emptying, all of which were cured after active treatment. The median postoperative hospital stay was 18 (7-63) days.Conclusions:Pancreatic serous microcystic neoplasm could be accompanied by atypical features such as pancreatic/bile duct dilation, parenchyma atrophy, or even present vessel invasion. Understanding the atypical clinic and image features would help improving differential diagnosis and treatment. For those with invasive features, surgical exploration should be recommended.