Objective:To explore the possible specific perinatal risk factors in the development of autism through comparing the perinatal risk factors between patients with autism and other psychotic disorders.Methods: In this retrospective research,197 cases with autism and 93 cases with other psychotic disorders were selected and assessed with the self-made scale of perinatal risk factors.Statistical analyses were performed using t test and Chi-square test.Results:Compared with the control group,the autistic subjects had a significantly higher frequency of the perinatal risk factors(51 % vs.68%,P=0.003),particularly the rate of catching a cold during their mothers' pregnancy(14.2% vs.6.5%,P=0.038)and the rate of prematurity(10.7% vs.3.2%,P=0.022)than the control subjects.Feeding methods was different between the two groups(P=0.038).Conclusion:Catching a cold during mothers' pregnancy,prematurity and feeding methods may be related to the development of autism.

BACKGROUND:Transformation growth factor beta 1 is mostly used to induce the chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s, but there is a poor induction efficacy.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s co-cultured with articular chondrocytes or induced by transforming growth factor beta 1.
METHODS:Articular chondrocytes and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s from SD rats were harvested and divided into 1:2, 2:1, 1:1 concentration groups. Cel s induced by transforming growth factor beta 1 acted as control group. After 20 days of induced culture, MTT was used to detect cel viability, alcian blue colorimetric assay was applied to measure glycosaminoglycan content, and western blot assay was employed to determine the expression of col agen type II.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The absorbance value in the control group was significantly lower than that in the 1:1 and 2:1 groups (P<0.05). Glycosaminoglycan content and protein expression of col agen type II were also lower in the control group than the 1:2, 1:1, 2:1 groups. But there was no difference between 1:1 and 2:1 groups (P>0.05). The results show that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s co-cultured with articular chondrocytes can be induced to differentiate into chondrocytes, and meanwhile, there is a saturation phenomenon during the chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s.

The 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were used as carriers in the investigation of total extract, n-butanol extract, CB-1 and CB-2 of Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. on cell proliferation and differentiation. Three groups at different doses were set for each of the four extract regions of C. tinctoria Nutt., respectively. MTT assay was used to detect 3T3-L1cell proliferation by four extract regions of C. tinctoria Nutt. Oil Red O staining was used to analyze the formation and accumulation of cytoplasmic lipid during cell differentiation. The results showed that compared with the control group, there were significant inhibition on cell proliferation when thetotal extract of C. tinctoriaNutt. at 100 μg·mL-1, n-butanol extract at 0.5, 5, and 50 μg·mL-1, CB-1 and CB-2 at 50 μg·mL-1 (P< 0.01). N-butanol extract showed certain dose-dependent manner (r = -0.903). Oil Red O staining showed that compared with the control group, thetotal extract of C. tinctoria Nutt. at 1, 10, 100 μg·mL-1 can obviously inhibit cell differentiation, reduce the formation of cytoplasmic lipid (P< 0.01). N-butanol extract can inhibit cell differentiation in a dose-dependent manner (r= -0.779). CB-1 and CB-2 obviously inhibited cell differentiation at the concentration of 50 μg·mL-1 (P < 0.01). It was concluded that thetotal extract, n-butanol extract, CB-1 and CB-2 of C. tinctoria Nutt. can inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and reduce the formation of cytoplasmic lipid.

Objective To analyze the characteristic of trauma in 246 fatal falls. Methods We collect 246 cases of fatal falls from Pudong district of Shanghai from 2005 to 2014, and then analyze the characteristics of trauma by using different parameters. Results The height in suicides by fall is higher than accidents by fall (25.7m:13.98m). In all fatal falls, head has a higher possibility in suffering trauma than other body regions (75.2%), while neck has a lower possibility (6.5%). The possibility of head trauma in accidents by fall is higher than suicides by fall (89.4%:75.2%). Conclusion Comparing with suicides by fall, victims in accidents by fall have lack of protection from limbs. Besides, the low rate of ifnding neck trauma suggests legal physicians should be more careful in examining this area.

OBJECTIVETo explore the relationship between ulcerative colitis (UC) and lung injuries by assessing their clinical manifestations and characteristics.

METHODSFrom July 2009 to April 2012, 91 UC patients presenting to Longhua Hospital who met the established inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in this retrospective study. According to the scores of disease activity index, the patients were divided into the mild, moderate, and severe groups. Meanwhile, the records of pulmonary symptoms, chest X-ray image, and pulmonary function were reviewed.

RESULTSSixty-eight (74.7%) patients had at least 1 pulmonary symptom, such as cough (38.5%), shortness of breath (27.5%), and expectoration (17.6%). And 77 (84.6%) had at least 1 ventilation abnormality. Vital capacity value was significantly lower in the severe group than that in the mild group (91.82%±10.38% vs. 98.92%±12.12%, P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSLung injury is a common extraintestinal complication of UC. According to the theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine that the lung and large intestine are related, both the lungs and large intestine should be treated simultaneously.

Adult ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; complications ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Injury ; etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Vital Capacity

Background Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF)has been reported to have beneficial effect on cardiac dysfunction in post infarction and doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy.Objective To investigate the effects of G-CSF on cardiac remodeling in cardiac hypertrophy induced by angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ).Methods Thirty-six male wild type mice(WT)were allocated randomly to receive subcutaneously G-CSF(10 ?g/kg per day, n=9),or Ang Ⅱ(2.88 mg/kg per day,n=9),or Ang Ⅱ plus G-CSF(Ang Ⅱ 2.88 mg/kg+G-CSF 10 ?g/kg,n =9)for 4 weeks with untreated WT(n=9)as controls.Blood pressure and cardiac function were measured. Heart weight/body weight ratio,myocyte cross-sectional area and fibrosis area were determined.The mRNA ex- pression of osteopontin(OPN)in myocardium was detected by RT-PCR.The expressions of angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE),ACE2 and phosph-p70S6 kinase protein in myocardium were assessed by Western-Blot.Results Ang Ⅱ significantly elevated blood pressure(SBP,Ang Ⅱ:139.7?1.6 vs WT:108.7?2.3 mmHg,P0.05),but significantly attenuated the myocyte cross-sectional area(Ang Ⅱ+G-CSF:181.06?0.11 vs Ang Ⅱ:202.02?0.16 ?m~2,P

Objective To explore the relative factors of unstable plaques of carotid atherosclerosis in ischemic eerebrovascular patients.Methods Carotid arteries of a total of 132 cases with ischemic cerebrovascular disease of carotid artery system were inspected by color Doppler ultrasound.The plaques discovered were classified according to ultrasonic appearance and their stability was judged.The relation between hypertension,diabetes,hyperlipemia, smoking and unstable plaques of carotid atheroselerosis was analyzed.Results The most common site of plaque for- mation was the bifurcate of the common carotid artery(56.99%),and the second commonest was carotid artery (23.12%).The incidence of unstable plaques in the patients with smoking,hypertension and diabetes was higher than those without them(P

AIM: To compare the accuracy of intraocular lens(IOL)power calculations by using five formulas(Haigis, SRK-T, Hoffer Q, Holladay-1, SRK-Ⅱ)in eyes with long axial lengths in order to improve the accuracy of predicating IOL powers.METHODS: Fifty-one eyes of 51 cases of age-related cataract and with mild long axial(24.5mm27mm) were collected who`s optical biometry were performed by the Zeiss IOL Master500 before operation.They underwent regular phacoemulsification and posterior chamber IOL implantation.The actual postoperative refraction was measured with the methods of phoropter and subjective optometry 3mo after surgery.Then we compared the differences of the predicted and actual postoperative refraction of the five formulas in each group.RESULTS: In the mild axial lengths cases, the differences between SRK Ⅱ formula and the other four formulas were statistically significant (P<0.05), and the difference between Hoffer Q and SRK-T formula was statistically significant (P<0.05);there was no difference among the other formulas (P>0.05).In the moderate and severe long axial lengths cases, the differences between SRK Ⅱ formula and the other four formulas were statistically significant (P<0.05), and the difference between Hoffer Q and SRK-T formula, Hoffer Q and Haigis formula were statistically significant (P<0.05);there was no difference among the other formulas (P>0.05).The differences of all the five formulas between the two groups were statistically significant (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: In the mild axial lengths cases, Haigis, SRK-T, Hoffer Q, Holladay-1 performed well.In the moderate and severe long axial lengths cases, Haigis, SRK-T and Holladay-1 performed better than other formulas.The accuracy of all the five formulas decreases as the axial length getting longer.

Objective To evaluate the ultrasonic characteristics of nasal bone absence at 16-34 weeks of pregnancy referring to fetal chromosomal anomalies. Methods The ultrasonic findings of the 20 fetuses with nasal bone absence at second or third trimester in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were reviewed referring to chromosomal karyotyping and labor induction or birth outcomes. Results The ultrasound features of the 20 fetuses including:(1) There were 17 fetuses showed bilateral nasal bones absence. The sonographic features were absence of hyper echo of nasal bone underneath the skin on either sagittal or transverse section. There were 5 fetuses showed multiple abnormalities:Four fetuses showed cardiac abnormalities (three showed atrioventricular septal defect, one showed ventricular septal defect, one showed ventricular septal defect with abnormal great vessels). One fetus showed duodenal obstruction′double bulbs′. The other minor abnormalities including short femur and humerus, increasing echogenetic bowels, aberrant right subclavian artery, mild unilateral ventriculomegaly, mild renal pelvic ectasia, outreached tongue, abnormal gestures of hands. (2) There were 3 fetuses showed unilateral nasal bone absence. The sonographic features were absence of hyper echo of either nasal bone on transverse section but with hyper echo on sagittal section. Two fetuses showed cardiac abnormalities (one fetus showed atrioventricular septal defect, one showed ventricular septal defect). The other minor abnormalities including short femur and humerus, hyper echogenetic bowels, increasing thickness of nuchal translucency or nuchal fold. Twelve fetuses were induced labor but only one had biopsy showed accordant result with ultrasound. (3) Karyotyping results:there were 9 of trisomy 21, 1 of 4p-and 7 of normal karyotype fetuses showed bilateral nasal bone absence. There were 2 of trisomy 21 and 1 of normal karyotype fetuses showed unilateral nasal bone absence. (4) Birth outcomes and follow-up:twelve fetuses induced labor but only one fetus had biopsy. Eight fetuses were born until term and 5 fetuses showed normal in follow-up. The results of twelve fetuses showed concordant with ultrasonic ifndings. Conclusions Characteristics of the nasal bone absence are absence of bilateral or unilateral nasal bones. If we ifnd nasal bone absence in prenatally ultrasound screening, the karyotyping should be recommended in order to detect chromosomal abnormalities especially trisomy 21.

Objective The aim of the study was to determine the placenta volume (PV) at 11-13+6 weeks of gestation by three-dimensional ultrasound (3DUS) in combination with birth weight, placenta weight, placenta volume at birth and maternal age, body mass index (BMI) additionally. Methods From June 2011 to July 2012, placental volumes were prospectively measured by VOCAL (Virtual Organ Computer-aided Analysis) method in 129 normal pregnancies of Peking Union Medical College Hospital at 11-13+6 weeks of Gestation, multiples of the median was calculated (MOM) after logarithmic10 transformation referring to different crown-rump length (CRL) groups. The normal pregnancies were selected without any combinations or fetal abnormalities, then recorded the birth weights, placenta diameters and thicknesses and placenta weight at delivery. The maternal basic status was also concluded in the study. Results Correlation analysis results: (1) The transformed placenta volume MOM showed a significant correlation (Spearman rho=0.200, P<0.05) with birthweight but not with placenta weight or placenta volume calculated as ellipsoid (Spearman rho=0.164, 0.112 respectively, P>0.05). (2) The birthweight showed significant correlations with placenta weight, placecnta volume and maternal BMI (Spearman rho=0.478, 0.361, 0.259 respectively, P<0.01). (3) The placenta weight at birth showed a significant correlation with placenta volume at birth (Spearman rho=0.467, P<0.01) and maternal BMI (Spearman rho=0.198, P<0.05). Regression analysis results: (1) Birth weight (g)=1136.9+1530.9×MOM+45.3×BMI-15.0×maternal age (r=0.29, P=0.01<0.05). (2) Placenta weight (g)=88.1+315.3×MOM+10.0×BMI+0.1×maternal age (r=0.27, P=0.02 <0.05). Conclusions The placental volume at 11-13+6 weeks of gestation has significant correlation with birthweight. This might assist in the identification of the high risk pregnancies caring large or low for gestational age fetuses.