Objective To investigate the type of plasmid map of Y. pestis in the R. opimas natural plague loci in Junggar Basin. Methods A total of 39 plasmid DNA of Y. pestis which were isolated from the natural plague loci of Junggar Basin, Tianshan Mountain, Kunlun Mountain, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and In-ner Mongolia were extracted by the methods of Kado and Liu. The plasmid map was analyzed by the methods of agarose gel eleetrophoretogram. Results Two types of plasmid map were found in 26 Y. pestis which were isolated from Junggar Basin. Of them 23 were 6 × 106, 45 × 106 and 65 × 106 type of plasmid map, and 3 were 6 × 106, 45 × 106 and 72 × 106 type. Conclusion There are two types of plasmid map in the R. opi-mus natural plague loci in Junggar Basin. One type, which is the dominant type in this area, is 6 × 106, 45 × 106 and 65 × 106 type. This type is also similar to the dominant plasmid map type of the nature plague loci of Tianshan Mountain, Kunlun Mountain, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Inner Mongolia. The other type is 6 × 106, 45 × 106 and 72 × 106 type, and this type is new plasmid map type of Y. pestis in our country.

Angioplasty, Balloon ; methods ; Atherosclerosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Hypertension ; complications ; drug therapy ; Renal Artery Obstruction ; etiology ; therapy ; Stents

OBJECTIVETo analyze the efficacy of adefovir dipivoxil combined with bicyclol in treatment of HBeAg-positive chronic viral hepatitis B (CHB).

METHODSA total of 91 patients with CHB were randomized into experimental group and control group to be treated. The patients in experimental group (46 samples) received adefovir dipivoxil orally 10 mg daily and bicyclol orally 150 mg daily for 48 weeks and those in control group (45 samples) received adefovir dipivoxil orally 10 mg daily alone for 48 weeks. The serum aminotransferace (ALT/ AST), HBV-DNA, HBeAg/antiHBe were observed before and after treatment.

RESULTSCompared with pretreatment, the serum aminotransferace were all decreased obviously in two groups, the experimental group is better (P < 0.05). HBVDNA negative conversion rate was significantly higher in experimental group than in the control group (47.8% vs. 31.1%, P < 0.05). There were nostatistically differrence between the two groups in the portion of HBeAg loss rate and HBeAg seroconversion rate. There were no obvious adverse reaction in the study.

CONCLUSIONAdefovir dipivoxil combined with bicyclol is efective in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.

Adenine ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Biphenyl Compounds ; administration & dosage ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; blood ; drug therapy ; virology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Organophosphonates ; administration & dosage ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective To evaluate the protective effect of Yersinia pestis capsular antigen F1 and recombinant rV270 on mice after immunization with them.Methods According to body weight,40 female Balb/c mice aged 6 to 8 weeks were randomly divided into four experimental groups(Fl-10 μg + aluminum adjuvant,F1-20 μg + aluminum adjuvant,rV-10 μg + aluminum adjuvant,and rV-20 μg + aluminum adjuvant) and a control group,8 in each group.Mice in experimental groups were immunized with the natural antigen F1 and recombinant antigen rV270 adsorbed to 25％ aluminum adjuvant and the control group was immunized with the same amount of aluminum adjuvant.Each mouse was immunized at the hind leg muscle with 100 ml immunizing agent,then a booster immunization was done once on the 21st day after the first immunization.The blood of all mice was collected on the 8th week after the first immunization,serum antibody titers were detected by ELISA and the data of antibody titers were analyzed by t test for comparison between groups.At the same time the mice were injected subcutaneously with 2000-fold LD50 of Yersinia pestis virulent strain 141,after 14 days,the protective effect of immunization was analyzed.Results The control group did not produce antibody.Antibody geometric mean titers (GMT) of the F1-10 mg + aluminum adjuvant and F1-20 mg + aluminum adjuvant groups were 1 ∶ 30443.9,and 1 ∶21527.8,respectively,and compared between the two groups,the difference was not statistically significant (t =1.1282,P ＞ 0.05).The GMTs of the rV-10 μg + aluminum adjuvant and rV-20 μg + aluminum adjuvant groups were 1 ∶ 13957.3 and 1 ∶18100.9,respectively,and compared between the two groups,the difference was not statistically significant(t =0.9408,P ＞ 0.05 ).After subcutaneous injection with Yersinia pestis virulent strain 141,all mice died in the control group but all survived in the experimental group.Conclusion The immune activity of natural antigen F1 and recombinant rV270 is high,which can be used as the main component of subunit vaccine in the plague subunit vaccine study.

Objective: To observe the dynamics of antibody response in great gerbils infected with Yersinia pestis in experiment. Method: A total of 211 great gerbils were captured in the southern margin of plague natural focus of Junggar Basin of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in 2011. Among them, there were 167 great gerbils without infection of Y. pestis and 44 great gerbils infected by Y.pestis. Y.pestis No. 2504 was employed for this experimental strain, which was strong toxic strain with negativity in the reduction experiment of nitrate. 35 great gerbils without the infection of Y. pestis were divided randomly and averagely into 7 groups including 6 experimental groups and 1 control group. Great gerbils in the 1st to 6th experimental groups were exposed first with 1 × 10⁶-1 × 10¹¹ CFU/ml of bacterial fluid with 10 times of gradient dilution; groin areas of great gerbils in the control group were injected subcutaneously with physiological saline; and the amount of infection was all 1 ml. 17 great gerbils infected with Y. pestis and the first detection of F1-antibody titer in 1∶256-1∶4 096 were grouped according to F1-antibody titer: group 1∶4 096 (n=4), group 1∶2 048 (n=4), group 1∶1 024 (n=3), group 1∶512 (n=3) and group 1∶256 (n=3); and blood in caudal regions was collected in asepsis for the detection of F1-antibody, with a total of 5 times. 9 great gerbils which were selected from the remaining great gerbils infected with Y. pestis and detected F1-antibody negative 2 times were exposed 1×10⁶ CFU/ml of bacterial fluid for the second infection, with the amount of infection being 1 ml. Blood in caudal regions of great gerbils after the first and second infection were collected for the detection of plague F1-antibody on the 3rd, 5th, 7th, 15th, 30th, 60th, 90th and 120th day after infection. Declined regression models for great gerbils' antibodies were established with unary linear regression equation; declined change diagrams for the antibodies were drawn to observe the declined F1-antibody after great gerbils were exposed to Y. pestis. Results: In great gerbils with the first infection of Y. pestis, antibodies were detected in the 1 × 10⁶-1 × 10⁸ CFU/ml of group on the 30th, 15th and 15th day, respectively; the positive rates of antibody were 1/4, 3/4 and 4/5, respectively; the group 1×10⁷ and 1× 10⁸ CFU/ml reached to the highest antibody titer with 1∶256 on the 120th day; antibodies were revealed in the group 1×10⁹, 1×10¹⁰ and 1×10¹¹ CFU/ml from the 5th to 7th day when the seroconversion of all antibodies was observed; group 1×10¹¹ CFU/ml reached to the highest antibody titer on the 120th day with 1∶4 096. In the great gerbils with the second exposure to Y.pestis, positive antibodies were detected on the 3rd day with the positive rate being 2/9; and the highest antibody titer with 1∶2 048 was noted on the 90th day. Unary linear regression equation of declined F1 antibody of great gerbils was y=0.045x- 0.321 (F=115.40, P< 0.001), and the shortest duration for F1-antibody titer declining from 1∶4 096 to 0 was 140 d and the longest duration 200 d. Conclusion Great gerbils infected with the high concentration of Y. pestis fluid show shorter duration in producing F1-antibody, the antibody positive rate is also higher, and the highest antibody titer can reach 1∶4 096. The great gerbils could hold the plague F1 antibodies for a long time which was about 140 to 200 days from the highest titer.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of endometrial carcinoma in young, middle-aged and elderly women. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 82 cases of endometrial carcinoma in young, middle-aged women and 33 cases of endometrial cacinoma in elderly women. RESULTS: The rates of adenocarcinoma in young, middle-aged and elderly groups were 74.4% and 75.5%, respectively. The young,middle-aged and elderly patients with Stage I endometrial cancer were 64.6% and 69.7%, and those with Stage III and IV were 15.9% and 15.2%, respectively. The histological Grade 1 carcinoma of endometrium in young,middle-aged and elderly women were 70.7% and 60.6%, respectively. The young, middle-aged women without myometrial invasion were more than the elderly women (42.8% vs 15.6%, P < 0.01). The young, middle-aged women with myometrial invasion more than half of myometrial wall were less than the elderly women (10.4% vs 40.6%, P < 0.01). The rate of chemical treatment after the surgery in the elderly women was more than that of the young, middle-aged women (P < 0.05). The 5-year survival rate of the young, middle-aged women was obviously higher than that of the elderly women (92.79% vs 72.21%, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Adenocarcinoma and well-differentiated cells are the main pathological characteristics of endometrial carcinoma both in the young, middle-aged and the elderly women. Most young, middle-aged and el-derly patients can be diagnosed and treated in the early stage. Early diagnosis and reasonable treatment can improve the prognosis. The prognosis of the young, middle-aged patients is obviously better than that of the elderly patients, and the myometrial invasion depth may be the main difference.
Adenocarcinoma ; diagnosis ; mortality ; therapy ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Endometrial Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; mortality ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

Objective To investigate the clinical features and neuroimaging features of patients with osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS).Methods The clinical features and examination results ,including the clinical manifestations,the data of cranial MRI/CT,changes of EEG,treatment and prognosis,were analyzed in 4 patients with ODS.Results All the 4 patients had the history of hyponatraemia.The common clinical manifestations included psychiatric disorder,altered consciousness,dysphasia,dysphagia,quadriplegia and dystonia.Severe transient abnormal EEG was found in these patients,and all the brain CT scanning and CSF were negative.MRI features could only be noted 10 d after the appearing of clinical manifestations and all the first time MRI was negative in these 4 patients.Four patients were diagnosed as having extrapontine myelinolysis,showing symmetrical low T1-weighted signal and high T2-weighted signal within the pons,the basal ganglia,the thalami,the insular cortex and the hippocampal head.Three patients were also diagnosed as having central pontine myelinolysis,showing symmetrical T1 low signal and T2 high signal in the basilar part of pons; much clear imaging could be noted with the help of weighing the abnormal signals.Three patients got improvement with 1 having dystonia sequel.Conclusion ODS is correlated with chronic hyponatraemia,and both hypokalaemia and hypochloremia may be the 2 possible triggers; when they appear,quick correction is not needed.MRI features may be significantly delayed,thus,repeated imaging study is necessary.

Objective To study the effect of low-frequency suprathreshold repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the unaffected hemisphere on recovery of motor function in patients with acute stroke. Methods A total of 26 patients with middle cerebral artery territory infarction were randomly assigned to unaffected hemisphere stimulation group and control group (not receiving any stimulation,n=13).The patients in the stimulation group were treated with rTMS 3 to 5 d after the onset of symptoms with the frequency of 1 Hz and 70％ of the intensity (about 2.1T actual output) and the 1200 pulses per day for 10 consecutive d.The motor evoked potential (MEP) latency,central motor conduction time (CMCT),scores of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and modified Barthel index (MBI) of the affected brain region were recorded on the 1 st of experiment (before the treatment),10 and 40 d after treatment. Results The scores of clinical futction scale and neuroelectrophysiologic parameters before treatment had no statistical significance between the 2 groups (P＞0.05).The scores of clinical function scale after the treatment in the 2 groups were obviously higher than those before treatment (P＜0.05). And the improvement of motor function in the unaffected hemisphere stimulation group was statistically obvious as compared with that in the control group (P＜0.05):the score of NIHSS and the MBI in the stimulation group were obviously higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05).The neuroelectricity physiological indexs in the 2 groups after treatment gained improvement in comparision to those before treatment:the MEP latency on the 40th d of treatment and CMCT on the 10th and 40th d of treatment in the unaffected hemisphere stimulation group was significantly different as compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05); the CMCT on the 10th and 40th d of treatment in the unaffected hemisphere stimulation group was shorter as compared with that in the control group. Conclusion The frequency of 1 Hz and 70％ of the intensity (about 2.1T actual output) in rTMS of the unaffected hemisphere can shorten CMCT and improve the motor function in patients with acute stroke.

Chronic kidney disease is a kind of disease with the condition always worsening over time passing through a sequence of stages, and the evaluation on its clinical treatment is mainly by observing the speed of renal function deteriorating and the time of terminal renal failure occurrence. In order to conduct the trial go on wheels, the authors proposed that the "surrogate end points (SEP)" should be introduced. It is the biologic mark for substitute the clinical terminal point (event), formed depending upon the scientific evidences of epidemiology, pathophysiology, drug-therapy and other scientific evidence, which could be used for predicting the efficacy or damage of a certain measure, present or absent. This article aimed to explain the definition of SEP and to discuss the usable SEP for clinical trial on chronic kidney disease, such as proteinuria, declination of glomerular filtration rate and its slope coefficient as well as the time of terminal occurrence. Moreover, through analyzing the existent problems in clinical researches concerning TCM treatment of chronic kidney disease, the authors suggested that some improvements, chiefly the utilization of SEP for efficacy evaluation, are necessary in the clinical observation methodologies for chronic kidney disease.
Animals ; Biomedical Research ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Drug Evaluation ; standards ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Kidney Function Tests ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

OBJECTIVETo observe the anesthetic effect of modified anesthesia in the bronchoalveolar lavage.

METHOD118 cases randomly fell in two groups: traditional group: intramuscular injection of 10 mg diazepam prior to routine anesthesia; modified group: preoperative intramuscular injection of 50 mg dolantin,and venous injection of 2 ml physiological saline, 10 mg dexamethasone, 5 mg ephedrine; observe the anesthetic effect, satisfaction and lavage quantity in patients.

RESULTSThe excellence rate and satisfaction of anesthetic effect are both 100% in modified group while 82.76% and 76.2% in the tradition group. The result indicates the excellence rate and satisfaction of anesthetic effect in modified group are better than the traditional group with a significant difference (P<0.05); the lavage quantity in the modified group is significantly higher than that in the traditional group with a significant difference (P<0.01 ).

CONCLUSIONDolantin, dexamethasone and ephedrine preoperatively used with a good anesthetic effect can improve the cooperation of patients in bronchoalveolar lavage with less pain and increased lavage quantity, thereby worthy of clinical application.

Adult ; Anesthesia ; methods ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumoconiosis ; therapy