Objective To explore the influence of repeatedly suprathreshold and subthreshold presentation of sad face on the attention bias of college students with depressive symptoms.Methods Five hundreds college students were extracted by using the cluster sampling method.The Beck Depression Inventory(BDI)and Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS)as the screening tool were applied to select the healthy control group(C),low-level depression group(B)and high-level depression group(A),20 participants in each group.Twenty neutral faces and 52 sad faces were selected from the emotional faces library researched and prepared by the Institute of Psychology of Chinese Academy of Sciences.Each face was suprathresholdly(1 000 ms)and subthresholdly(14 ms)presented four times to the participants.In the point detection task,the scores of response time,correction rate and attention bias of 3 groups to the emotional faces were recorded.Results (1)There was no statistically significant difference in the correction rate for 4 times suprathreshold and subthreshold presentations of sad faces between three groups;(2)The average response time of the fourth superathreshold and subthreshold presentation of sad faces in the group A was significantly lower than that of the first three times,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.01),but the times of sad emotional face presentation had no statistically significant difference between the group C and B(P＞0.05);(3)compared with the group C,for the suprathesholdly presented sad face,the group A had significant a main effect in the aspects of average score of attention bias and sad emotional face presentation times(F=12.032,P＜0.05;F=91.637,P＜0.05),and had a significant interaction effect among the duration and times of presentation and group types(F=16.766,P＜0.05);(4)the group A showed significant attention bias of suprathresholdly presented sad faces at first,second and third time of presentation,but lost the bias at the fourth time.Conclusion The fourth time of sad face presentation could eliminate the attention bias of college students with high-level depression.

Objective To systematically review the effectiveness and safety of statins for chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) combining with pulmonary hypertension (PH).Methods The electronic searches in databases of PubMed,EMbase,the Cochrane Library,Web of Science,CBM,CNKI,VIP and Wanfang Data were conducted from the date of their establishment to January 2016 and the references of the include studies were also retrieved for collecting randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-RCTs on statins treating COPD combining with PH.Two researchers independenlty screened the literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,extracted the data,assessed the quality of the included studies by adopting the Cochrane collaboration' s tool for assessing risk of bias,and performed Meta-analysis by using RevMan 5.3 software.Results A total of 24 studies involving 1 587 cases were included.The results of Meta-analysis showed that:compared with the control group,simvastatin significantly improved FEV1 [MD =0.23,95％ CI:0.16-0.31,P ＜ 0.000 01],FEV1 ％ [MD =6.73,95％ CI:1.34-12.12,P =0.01],FVC [MD =0.39,95％ CI:0.34-0.45,P ＜ 0.000 01],6 minutes walk distance (6MWD)· [MD=59.09,95％CI:54.24-63.93,P ＜0.000 01] and decreased mPAP [MD=6.73,95％ CI:1.34-12.12,P =0.01],SPAP [MD =-4.53,95 ％ CI =-8.87--0.19,P =0.04].Atorvastatin significantly improved FEV1 [MD =6.22,95 ％ CI:2.51-9.93,P =0.001] and 6 MWD [MD =24.10,95 ％ CI:12.98-35.23,P ＜ 0.000 1] and decreased sPAP [MD =-6.44,95％CI:-7.95--4.93,P＜0.00001] andmPAP [MD=-3.51,95％CI:-5.81--1.22,P=0.003].But no significant difference was found in the improvement of FEV1,FVC or FEV1/FVC.Fluvastatin significantly decreased sPAP [MD=-5.89,95％ CI:-6.99--4.79,P ＜0.000 01].There was a significant decrease in the Borg dyspnoea score in statins group [MD =-3.37,95％ CI:-4.61--2.14,P ＜ 0.000 01] as compared with the controls.In addition,the incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) was similar between statins and the control group.Conclusion Current evidence suggests that statins may decrease pulmonary hypertension in patients with COPD combining with PH.However,high-quality clinical trials with large sample size are needed to verify whether the improvement of pulmonary function,6MWD and Borg dyspnoea score are the class effect or the incidence of ADRs is disparate among different statins.

Objective To investigate the effects of dietary consumption of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) on the control of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods One hundred and eighty-five patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from a community in Shanghai were randomly divided into MUFA intervention group (MUFA group,n=125) and control group (n=60). The patients in MUFA group consumed tea oil enriched in MUFA for 3 months,while those in control group consumed normal oil. The serum glucose (fasting plasma glucose and 2-hour postprandial glucose),fasting insulin and blood lipid were examined before intervention and three months after intervention,and the parameters were compared within groups and between groups. Results The serum fasting glucose,fasting insulin,total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol 3 months after intervention were significantly lower than those before intervention in MUFA group (P0.05),while the serum fasting glucose,total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol in MUFA group were significantly lower than those in control group 3 months after intervention (P0.05). Conclusion Dietary consumption of MUFA can improve the glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of electroencephalograph(EEG)biofeedback on clinical symptoms and cognitive function of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD).Methods Twenty children aged(10.4?2.2)years old who were diagnosed as ADHD according to American Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders the 4th ed received EEG biofeedback treatment.The treatment was administered by Autogenic A620 machine,? wave(4-8 Hz)was suppressed and sensory motor rate wave was strengthened(12-15 Hz)at the same time.The treatment was total 40 times.Before and after treatment,Conner's Behavior Rating Scale-parent questionnaire was administered to assess the clinical symptoms,wechsler memory scale(WMS)to assess the long-term memory,short-term memory and instantaneous memory,number cancellation test and stroop test were used to assess the cognitive process speed and selective attention,and continuous performance test(CPT)was administered to assess the attention and impulsiveness.The children in healthy control group who compared with ADHD children by one to one came from the primary or middle school near the hospital,the age difference between ADHD child and healthy control group was within 6 months.All the measurements were administered to the healthy control group.Results After the EEG biofeedback treatment,the score of behavior factor in Conners Scale decreased significantly(P0.05).Conclusions Forty sessions EEG biofeedback can improve clinical symptoms,attention,memory,selective attention and cognitive process speed of ADHD children significantly,some indicators even become normal.

Objective Through detecting CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells(Treg)in the peripheral blood in children suffering autoimmune diseases and normal controls to learn about the changes of Tregs during the diseases and to acquire some references for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods The data were reviewed for CD4+CD25+ Treg cells of the 93 children diagnosed as pediatric autoimmune disease in Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics from Nov.2007 to Jun.2008.Thirty-five normal children in the contempora-neous physical examination were selected as the control group.The percentage of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells and CD4+ T cells to the total T cells were determined by flow cytometric method.Data of the JRA group(22 cases),SLE group(12 cases) and HSP group(12 cases),which were the first three according to the number of cases,were respectively compared with the controls.Independent-samples t test was performed for a statistic analysis with SPSS 11.5 software.Results 1.The percentages of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells to the total T cells and CD4+ T cells in the autoimmune diseases children[(6.14?3.21)% and(21.85?11.68)%,respectively] were both higher than those in the control group[(3.68?1.02)% and(12.83?3.61)%,respectively Pa

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) on cerebral edema and cerebral blood flow perfusion with MRI following cardiac arrest (CA) and on successful return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in dogs.Methods Sixteen beagle dogs were induced CA with alternating current on epicardium,then were randomly (random number) divided into the EECP and control group after successful ROSC.MR scanning brain of all animals was carried out by diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and perfusion weighted imaging (PWI) before CA and on the first,second and third days after ROSC.Blood pressure,right common carotid artery flow,and intracranial microcirculation perfusion were measured.Results There were no significant differences in mean artery pressure at all intervals between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).There was significant increase in right common carotid artery blood flow and intracranial microcirculation of dogs in EECP group compared with the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) of water molecule on the first and third days after ROSC were significantly higher in the EECP group than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Ratios of post-ROSC relative cerebral blood flow (RCBF) /original cerebral blood flow were higher in the EECP group than those in the control group on the first,second and third days after ROSC (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions EECP treatment could improve cerebral blood flow perfusion and relieve ischemic cerebral edema,alleviating brain injury in dogs following CA and successful ROSC.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinicopathological features of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and elucidate its diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

METHODSLiver biopsy tissues and clinical data of 32 patients with NASH were collected and the clinicopathological findings by HE and Masson staining were evaluated for NASH grading.

RESULTSBallooning degeneration of the liver cells and fibrosis around hepatic sinusoid was scarce in mild NASH cases and increased in moderate to severe cases. Steatotic and inflammatory cells in the liver lobes decrease in liver cirrhosis related to seatohepatitis.

CONCLUSIONBallooning degeneration of the liver cells and fibrosis around the hepatic sinusoid have important value in differential diagnosis of mild from moderate to severe NASH, and correct histological grading benefits clinical intervention and prognostic evaluation of NASH.

Adult ; Biopsy, Needle ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Fatty Liver ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; Liver ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on adipose metabolism in liver during shock stage of scalded rats.

METHODSSixty adult Wistar rats were inflicted with 30% TBSA full thickness scald and were randomly divided into 3 groups: i. e. sham group (control, n = 20), simple scald group [(n = 20) and LPS group (n = 20, with intra-peritoneal injection of 3.0 mg/kg LPS at 2 postscald hour (PSH)]. The contents of LPS, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), free fatty acids (FFA) in plasma and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), triglyceride (TG), malonaldehyde (MDA) in liver in each group were determined at 24 and 48 PSH. The histological changes in hepatic tissue in each group were also observed.

RESULTSThe plasma contents of FFA in LPS group at 24 and 48 PSH were 2.3 +/- 0.3 mmol/L and 2.5 +/- 0.4 mmol/L, respectively, which were obviously higher than those in control (0.4 +/- 0.3 mmol/L, 0.5 +/- 0.3 mmol/L) and scald (0.9 +/- 0.3, 1.2 +/- 0.5 mmol/L, P <0.01) groups. Meanwhile, there was obvious difference in the contents of TG and ATP in liver between LPS group (TG: 530 +/- 30 mmol/g, ATP: 1.7 +/- 0.5 micromol/g) and scald group (TG: 242 +/- 27 mmol/g, ATP: 6.0 +/- 2.4 micromol/g, P < 0.01). Pathological examination revealed that adipose denaturalization and injury to mitochondria in hepatocytes in scald group were significantly milder than those in LPS group. The morphology of hepatocyte in control group appeared normal.

CONCLUSIONLPS challenge to burn subjects could induce impairment in utilizing fat derived energy, and it would aggravate adipose denaturalization in the liver.

Adenosine Triphosphate ; metabolism ; Adipose Tissue ; metabolism ; Animals ; Burns ; metabolism ; pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Fatty Acids ; blood ; Lipopolysaccharides ; toxicity ; Liver ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Shock ; metabolism ; pathology ; Triglycerides ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo optimize the formulation of immediate release tablet.

METHODThe immediate release tablet was prepared by using dry granules. The preparation was optimized by using orthogonal design which took the flow property of granules, the hardness, the disintegrating time and the dissolution rate of the tablet as indices.

RESULTThe optimized formulation contained 40% microcrystalline cellulose, 10% sodium carboxymethyl starch and 15% dextrin. The hardness disintegrating time and T50 of the tablet were 4.5 kg, 3 min, 5 min respectively.

CONCLUSIONIt is successful to prepare on immediate release tablet using the optimized formula above.

Cellulose ; Dextrins ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; Panax ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry ; Solubility ; Tablets

Objective To investigate the ostengenie potential of adipose-derived stem cells(AD- SCs)when exposed to adenovirns containing hBMP-2 cDNA(Adv-hBMP-2)and offer a choice of cell source for gene therapy and tissue engineering.Methods Human adipose tissues were obtained from patients who received orthopaedic surgery or liposuction.ADSCs were obtained by digesting the adipose tissues.Firstly,flowcytometric analysis was performed for the confirmation of mesenchymal stem cell ori- gin and the surface markers including CD34,CD44,CD68,CD71,CD90,and CD105.The ADSCs were transfected by Adv-hBMP-2 and the effects were tested in vitro,lmmunoprecipitation and Western blotting and ELISA were performed for confirming BMP gone transduction and its stable expression.The transform of ADSCs was assessed by extracellular ALP staining,intracellular ALP spectrophotometry,von Kossa staining and RT-PCR.In the in vivo experiment ADSC-Adv-hBMP-2 cells were injected into the hind limb of nude mice and analyzed radiographically and histologically.Results ADSCs were successfully isolated from human adipose tissues.The isolated ADSCs expressed CD44,CD71,CD90 and CD105 and CD34 and CD68 were absent.The result confirmed the mesenchymal stem cell origin of the cells.West- ern blotting and ELISA confirmed successful and persistent hBMP-2 production by ADSC-Adv-hBMP-2 cells.Extracellular ALP staining,intracellular ALP spectrophotometry,yon Kossa staining and RT-PCR revealed that ADSCs treated with Adv-hBMP-2 had a tendency of transfering into osteoblast.X-ray and H&E sections from hind limb of nude mice injected with ADSC-Adv-hBMP-2 cells confirmed bone forma- tion at 2 weeks.Conclusions Liposuction aspirates contain abundant ADSCs that can be transduced with hBMP-2 gene,and the tranduced ADSCs differentiate into the osteoblast.ADSCs may be an ideal source of mesenchyme-lineage stem cells for gone therapy and tissue engineering.