Objective To study the drug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus in 2006 -2011 ,and to provide the evidence for treatment infection .Methods The isolated bacteria were identified and antibiotic sensitivity were tested by automated system in 503 Staphylococcus aureus collected from 2006 to 2011 .Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) was screened by oxacillin disk diffusion .Results 503 strains mainly derived from secretion and sputum .The incidence of MRSA was 44 .9% during 6 years . Detection rate of MRSA was decreased year by year .The difference was statistically significant between 2009 ,2010 ,2011 and 2006 , 2007 ,2008(P<0 .05) .No resistance to quinupristin/dalfopristin ,linezoiid ,vancomycin and nitrofurantoin was found .The resistance of Staphylococcus aureus was below 30% to levofloxacin ,imipenem ,compound sulfamethoxazole and rifampicin ,above 80% to ce-fazolin and penicillin .Although the resistant to cefazolin ,levofloxacin ,imipenem was risen ,the resistant rate of rest antibiotics was downed year after year .Conclusion Monitoring of drug resistance should be strengthened .The antimicrobial therapy should be de-fined on the basis of drug-sensitive test in order to control the incidence of infection and to delay the growth of clinical resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus .

Objective To study two new factor Ⅸ mutations Cys82Ser and Ile288Ser in vitro and research the molecular mechanism of haemophilia B. Methods PcDNA3. 1 ( - ) FⅨwt expression plasmid was prepared. The mutated FⅨcDNA expression plasmids, PcDNA3.1 ( - ) FⅨM1 (Cys82Ser) and PcDNA3. 1 ( - ) F Ⅸ M2 (Ile288Ser) were constructed by megaprimer method respectively. Transient expression experiments were performed using HEK293 cells transfected with the expression vectors containing the wild-type or the mutation recombinant cDNA. PcDNA3. 1 ( - ) was used as a blank control. The expression proteins were detected by ELISA, factor activity assay and flourescence stain. Results The results suggested that the two FⅨ gene mutations did not induce the reduction of the mutant FⅨ mRNA compared with the wild-type FⅨ mRNA. The FⅨ:Ag in culture media and cell lysate of wild type conduct were assigned as 100. 0%. The results of PcDNA3.1 ( - ) FⅨ M1 mutation protein were (27. 1 ± 5. 2)% and (99.4 ±4. 1)% respectively. For PcDNA3. 1( - )FⅨM2, the results were (5.3 ± 1.8)% and (31.7 ±2. 5)% respectively. The FⅨ: C in culture media of wild type conduct was also assigned as 100. 0%. Then the two types of mutant protein were ( 8. 5 ± 3.2 ) % and ＜ 1%, respectively. Immunofluorescence microscopy result suggested that the intensity of perinuclear spot was reduced in cells transfected with PcDNA3.1 ( - ) FⅨM2 while staining for PcDNA3. 1 ( - ) FⅨM1 was predominantely diffuse without perinnclear enhancement. Conclusions These results strongly suggest that the FⅨ Cys82Ser mutation protein is not been correctly folded, by any possibility. The mutation protein has secretion defect. The secretion dysfunction and the protein degradation intracellular are possiblely the molecular pathology of Ile288Ser mutant protein.

Objective To evaluate the role of 18F fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography computed tomography (PET-CT) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) after radiotherapy. Methods A total of 27 NPC patients received 18FDG PET-CT 8-32 weeks after radiotherapy. All the patients were followed up for about 12 months after the examination. Metastasis and residual were evaluated by PET-CT. The correlation between SUV and prognosis was analyzed. Results Of these 27 patients, metastasis was found in 2 patients by PET-CT. Local persistence was diagnosed as for SUV≥2. 5 by PET-CT in 20 patients, among whom 18 were confirmed by biopsy and then received brachytherapy or conformal radiotherapy. One year local control and survival rates were 70% and 81%. Based on SUV, the patients were divided into group one for SUV between 2. 5 and 5(9 patients) or group two for SUV≥5 (11 patients). In group one and group two, the one year local control rate, survival rate and metastasis rate were 67% , 55% (P=0.670) , 64% ,89%(P=0.319), and 22% , 82% (P =0. 022) , respectively. Conclusions PET-CT is valuable for the identification of residual nasopharyngeal carcinoma. SUV of residual tumor is related to metastasis.

ObjectiveTo establish an effective method for F9 gene mutation detection by using high resolution melting ( HRM ) curve analysis.Methods Peripheral blood samples of 55 hemophilia B (HB) patients were collected from Shanghai Ruijin Hospital during January 2005 to June 2010.Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood.PCR amplification combined with sequencing was used to identify the F9 gene mutations in 40 patients.HRM assay was established on the 21 DNA samples with known mutations in exonl to exon7 of F9 gene.Mutation scanning of exonl to exon7 by HRM combined with direct sequencing of exon8 was used in the molecular diagnosis of 15 HB patients with unknown F9 gene mutations.ResultsF9 gene mutation was detected in each of the 40 HB patients by direct sequencing.By HRM,the different melting curve patterns were identified in 19 out of 21 cases.The detection rate was about 90％.Through mutation scanning of exonl to exon7 by HRM combined with direct sequencing of exon8,F9 gene mutations were detected in all the 15 HB patients with unknown F9 gene mutations.Thirty-four F9 gene mutations had been identified in the 55 HB patients.ConclusionsA new strategy of HB genetic diagnosis,scanning mutations of exonl to exon7 combined with DNA sequencing of exon8 of F9 gene,is established in this study.The new strategy is efficient and reliable.

The leucoanthocyantin reducase (LAR) gene, an important functional gene of catechins biosynthesis pathway, was cloned from Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara by degenerate PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The full-length cDNA of FdLAR is 1 581 bp (GenBank accession: JN793953), containing a 1 176 bp ORF encoding a 391 amino acids protein, and its 3'-untranslated region has an obvious polyadenylation signal. The recombinant plasmid containing FdLAR completed ORF was transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3). The target fusion peptide with molecular weight of 66 kD was expressed under the condition of 16 degrees C and induced by IPTG at final concentration of 1.0 mmol x L(-1). Bioinformation analysis indicated that the amino acid sequence of FdLAR showed great homology to other LAR with the NADB-Rossmann conversed domain in the N-terminus. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression levels of FdLAR gene during different development periods. The determination of flavonoids contents in appropriate rhizomes showed that the relationship between FdLAR gene expression and the accumulation of flavonoids displayed different trends during vegetative growth and reproductive growth stages, suggesting that the FdLAR gene may be involved in the pathway of flavonoid metabolisms in Fagopyrum dibotrys.

Objective To determine the role of activated status of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ/nuclear factor-κB ( PPAR-γ/NF-κB ) in coagulation disorders induced by sepsis. Methods Forty male Sprague-Dawley ( SD ) rats were randomly divided into four groups, n = 10 in each group: control group, lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) challenged group, rosiglitazone ( ROSI, selective agonist of PPAR-γ) pretreatment group, and GW9662 ( PPAR-γ antagonist ) pretreatment group. The sepsis model was reproduced by injection of 6 mg/kg LPS via sublingual vein, and the rats in control group were injected with 2 mL/kg normal saline. The rats in ROSI pretreatment group were given 0.3 mg/kg ROSI by sublingual venous injection followed by injection of LPS 30 minutes later;and in GW9662 pretreatment group rats were given 0.3 mg/kg GW9662 by sublingual venous injection followed by 0.3 mg/kg ROSI 15 minutes later, followed by injection of LPS 30 minutes later. Blood was collected at 4 hours after LPS administration, and the expressions of PPAR-γ and NF-κBp65 in peripheral blood mononuclear cell ( PBMC ) were determined with immunocytocheminal technique and graph analysis. Plasma prothrombin time ( PT ), activated partial thromboplastin time ( APTT ), fibrinogen ( FIB ), and D-dimer were determined simultaneously. Results① PPAR-γ/NF-κB pathway: the expressions of PPAR-γ and NF-κBp65 were lowered in control group, and they were expressed in cytoplasm. In LPS challenged group the expression of PPAR-γ ( gray value ) was slightly increased but with no significant difference as compared with control group ( 111.01±4.06 vs. 98.46±5.99, P >0.05 ). In ROSI pretreatment group the expression of PPAR-γ( gray value ) was significantly higher than that in LPS challenged group ( 214.38±5.79 vs. 111.01±4.06, P<0.01 ), with dislocation into nuclei. In GW9662 pretreatment group the expression of PPAR-γ ( gray value ) was lowered but without significant difference compared with that of control group ( 44.21±2.64 vs. 98.46±5.99, P>0.05 ). In LPS challenged group the expression of NF-κBp65 ( gray value ) was significantly higher than that in control group ( 249.48±6.86 vs. 105.81±10.19, P < 0.01 ), and it was translocated into the nuclei. In ROSI pretreatment group the expression of NF-κBp65 ( gray value ) was significantly lower than that in LPS challenged group ( 102.47±8.05 vs. 249.48±6.86, P < 0.01 ), and it lied in cytoplasm. In GW9662 pretreatment group the expression of NF-κBp65 ( gray value ) showed no significant difference as compared with that of LPS challenged group ( 214.84±7.91 vs. 249.48±6.86, P>0.05 ).②Coagulation:compared with control group, PT and APTT were significantly prolonged, FIB was significantly decreased, and D-dimer was significantly increased in LPS challenged group [ PT ( s ):18.32±2.03 vs. 12.22±1.38, APTT ( s ):40.05±2.72 vs. 26.64±2.73, FIB ( g/L ): 1.65±0.51 vs. 3.60±0.37, D-dimer ( mg/L ): 2.58±0.73 vs. 0.37±0.06, all P < 0.01 ]. Compared with LPS challenged group, APTT and PT were significantly shortened, FIB was significantly increased, and D-dimer was significantly lowered in ROSI pretreatment group [ PT ( s ):13.93±1.67 vs. 18.32±2.03, APTT ( s ):30.29±0.86 vs. 40.05±2.72, FIB ( g/L ):3.18±0.69 vs 1.65±0.51, D-dimer ( mg/L ):0.40±0.12 vs. 2.58±0.73, all P<0.01 ]. All parameters in GW9662 pretreatment group showed no significant difference as compared with those of LPS challenged group. Conclusions PPAR-γagonist ROSI may ameliorate coagulation disorders in septic rats. PPAR-γ/NF-κB transduction pathway plays an important role in septic coagulopathy.

This paper presented the practice of performance evaluation at public hospitals in Wuhu.The performance evaluation system at public hospitals should emphasize public benefits,present a true picture of work and management performance,and help build the incentive and constraint mechanism.In addition,it should encourage public hospitals to strengthen management,improve quality of care and control health care costs.The system is designed for providing a safe,effective,convenient and inexpensive medical and health services for the people.

Objective To investigate current status and problems of coagulation factor Ⅷ and Ⅸ assay in domestic laboratories so as to provide the reference for implementing the standardization and quality improvement.Methods A questionnaire survey was carried out in 76 laboratories,and quality control materials were distributed to 54 laboratories for activity assay.The questionnaire information was analyzed statistically.Test results of quality control materials were classified into three groups according to the reagents and the ranked grading analysis were used to evaluate the performance.Results This research was investigative study.The amount of sample was less than 30 per month in 72％ (52/72)of laboratories.The frequencies of calibration were different,and 33％ (24/72) of laboratories did not perform calibration in a different assay batch.39％ (28/72)of laboratories did not run internal quality control,and about 21％ (15/ 72) of laboratories just performed the normal level quality control.Individual laboratories showed a high cumulative CV (＞ 30％) of intemal quality control.For normal FⅧ and FⅨ control materials,the CV of results were 11.3％-18.2％ and 11.3％-17.9％ respectively as well as 15.3％-20.3％ and 19.5％-21％ for abnormal.Of the three groups,the proportions of laboratories which the FⅧ test results out with consensus were18％,24％ and 22％ as well as 20％,24％ and 28％ for FⅨ.Conclusions The key requirements for quality control of coagulation factors active assay remain to be addressed and implemented.The repeatability and comparability in some laboratories are not satisfactory to meet the clinical needs.With the purpose of promoting quality improvement,we need to develop guidelines,organize related training and establish a national external quality assessment scheme.

Objective: To study the distribution of flavonoids among the plants for medicinal use of Selaginella . Methods: HPCE analysis was carried out on the ethyl acetate extracts of 18 Selaginella plants (from 11 species), using MECC separation model. Results: HPCE fingerprints of 18 Selaginella plants were established with quercetin as interanl standard and relative migration time and relative peak area as parameters. Conclusion: The contributions of flavonoids has not only generity, but also difference among the tested samples.

A review of studies on the influence of impurities on protein crystallization is given.The possible sources of impurities and its effect on the protein crystallization are presented.The effects of impurities on protein crystallization,including nucleation,macroscopic morphologies,microscopic surface morphologies,growth rates,kinetics,quality,and repartitioning of impurities are reviewed.