A colistin producing strain Paenibacillus polymyxa AS1.541 was treated by N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(NTG) for increasing yields of the antibiotic colistin.High-yield strains were obtained by selection of deregulated mutant which grow on media containing colistin,a self second metabolite,and ethionine,an analogue of methionine.Some of these mutants have higher yield of colistin than that of the parent strain.

By means of preparative HPTLC and column chromatography over silica gel and Sephadex LH-20, nine diterpenoids were isolated and purified from the whole plants of Scutellaria strigillosa. Based on the physico-chemical properties and spectral data, their structures were elucidated as: 6-O-acetyl-7-O-nicotinoylscutebarbatine G(1), 6-O-nicotinoyl-7-O-acetylscutebarbatine G(2), 6,7-di-O-nicotinoylscutebarbatine G(3), scutebarbatine K(4), scutebarbatine B(5), 6-O-acetylscutehenanine A(6), 6-O-nicotinoylbarba- tin A(7), 6,7-di-O-acetoxylbarbatin A(8), scutebarbatine F(9). Compound 1 is a new diterpenoid, and compounds 2-9 were isolated from Scutellaria strigillosa for the first time.
Diterpenes ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Scutellaria ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

Ten compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatography over silica gel, preparative TLC, and Sephadex LH-20 from the whole plant of Solanum lyratum. The structures were elucidated on the basis of physico-chemical properties and spectral data as 1beta-hydroxy-1 ,2-dihydro-alpha-santonin (1) , boscialin (2) , blumenol C (3), 3beta-hydroxy-5alpha, 6alpha-epoxy-7-megastigmen-9-one(4), dehydrovomifoliol(5) , blumenol A(6), (1'S,2R,5S, 10R) -2-(1', 2'-dihydroxy-l1'-methylethyl) -6,10-dimethylspiro[4,5] dec-6-en-8-one(7) , (1'R,2R,5S,10R)-2-( 1',2'-dihydroxy-l '-methylethyl) -6,1 l0-dimethylspiro[4,5]dec-6-en-8-one( 8) , 2-(1',2'-dihydroxy-1 '-methylethyl) -6,1 0-dimethyl-9-hydroxyspiro [4,5] dec-6-en-8-one (9) , and grasshopper ketone (10). Compounds 1-10 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Solanum ; chemistry ; Terpenes ; analysis ; isolation & purification

To investigate the secondary metabolites of endophytic fungi Pericinia sp. F-31. Column chromatography on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative HPLC were used to separate and purify the compounds. Two compounds were isolated from the fermentation broth of Periconia sp. Their structures were identified as 5-(1-hydroxyhexyl) -6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one (1) and 2-(3-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl) -propanoic acid (2). Compound 1 was a new lactone compound, compound 2 was new natural product, and the NMR data of compound 2 was reported for the first time.
Annona ; microbiology ; Ascomycota ; chemistry ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Endophytes ; chemistry ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Lactones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Structure

As the main medicinal powder for drawing out pus and removing necrotic tissue in external therapies of traditional Chinese surgery, Sheng Powder has made great contributions to the treatment of inflammatory wounds and has the unique bactericidal and decay-discharging function that can not be replaced by antibiotics. However, Sheng Powder has toxicity because it contains mercury. So far, there is no clinical research on the standards of dose and usage of Sheng Powder and there is a lack of objective and quantitative criteria for operating standards and monitoring of toxicity and side effects. Therefore, the authors choose Jiuyi Powder, one of the most commonly used Sheng Powder, to evaluate the safety of its external use, and form a standardization program for clinical implementation.

Aged ; Coal Mining ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumoconiosis ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; Pulmonary Heart Disease ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; methods

AIMTo study the preparation of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP) nanoparticles and compare its pharmacokinetic characteristics with Neoral.

METHODSHPMCP nanoparticles loaded cyclosporine A were prepared by solvent-nonsolvent method. CyA-HP50 nanoparticles, CyA-HP55 nanoparticles and Neoral were orally administered at the dosage of 15 mg x kg(-1) to rats. The CyA concentration in blood were determined by HPLC. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by 3P97 program.

RESULTSThe concentration-time data of the three preparations were best fit by two compartment model. The relative bioavailability of CyA-HP50 and CyA-HP55 nanoparticles calculated by the AUC0-72 were 82.3% and 119.6%, bioequivalent to the reference of Neoral. The relative bioavailability of CyA-HP55 nanoparticles was 145.3% of CyA-HP50 nanoparticles.

CONCLUSIONCyA HPMCP nanoparticles could be prepared easily and reproducibly. It was found that the oral absorption of CyA can be increased by using the HPMCP nanoparticles.

Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Area Under Curve ; Biological Availability ; Cyclosporine ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Methylcellulose ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; Nanostructures ; Particle Size ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study was to observe the endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) related gene expression changes before and early after revascularization in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

METHODSPeripheral blood samples were taken from patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction 6 hours and 7 days after PCI and stenting. Mononuclear cells (MNCs) were isolated by Ficoll-density centrifugation and cultured in M-199 medium. After 14 days culture, attaching cells incorporated DiI-acetylated low-density lipoprotein (EPCs) were collected and RNA was isolated by Trizol for microarray analysis on 24 genes associated with permissibility/vessel tone (angiotensin system: ACE, AGTR-1, AGTR-2; NO system: eNOS; prostacyclin system: COX-2; endothelin system: ET-1, ETA, ETB; superoxide anions system: SOD-1), angiogenesis (adhesion molecule: CDH5; growth factors and receptors: VEGFR1, VEGFR2, VEGF) and endothelial cell activation (adhesion molecules expression: ICAM1, ICAM2, ICAM3, PECAM-1, E-Selectin, L-Selection, VCAM1; change phenotype from antithrombotic to prothrombotic: tPA, uPA, PAI, vWF). VEGFR2, PECAM-1 and VE-cadherin positive cells were identified by flow cytometry.

RESULTEight gene expressions (AGTR-1, AGTR-2, COX-2, eNOS, ET-1, ETA, VEGF) were significantly downregulated 7 days post PCI compared to pre-PCI (P < 0.05). Flow cytometry results showed that VEGFR2 positive cells were also significantly reduced post PCI than that of before PCI (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONPCI down-regulated endothelial progenitor cells related gene expressions in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Centrifugation, Density Gradient ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; Endothelium, Vascular ; cytology ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; metabolism ; therapy ; Myocardial Reperfusion ; Myocardial Revascularization ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Receptor, Endothelin A ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; Superoxide Dismutase ; biosynthesis ; genetics

BACKGROUND: Adiponectin is one of the adipocytokines that have been found to be negatively correlated with obesity in recent years. As an endogenous bioactive peptide, adiponectin is shown to be associated with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and participate in the regulation of bone metabolism. OBJECTIVE: To describe the mechanism of adiponectin in bone metabolism, and mainly clarify the correlation of adiponectin with osteoblasts and osteoclasts. METHODS: The first author searched PubMed and CNKI databases for the articles addressing the experimental research and research progress of adiponectin in bone metabolism published from 2003 to 2017. The keywords were "adiponectin, osteoporosis, bone metabolism, osteogensis, bone absorption" in English and Chinese, respectively. Adiponectin, its receptors, bone metabolism, adiponectin effects on bone formation and bone resorption were reviewed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Adiponectin exerts a comprehensive effect on bone metabolism, mainly through autocrine, paracrine and endocrine, insulin signaling pathways. Besides, it exerts biological effects mostly by regulating OPG/RANKL/RANK system, especially in bone formation and bone resorption. Therefore, adiponectin may prevent osteoporosis by regulating bone metabolism.

Objective To observe the effects of cell cycle inhibitor on astrocytic proliferation and scar formation and to study neuronal apoptosis after focal cerebral ischemia in rats.Methods Ischemic model was established by photochemistry method.T_2-weighted MRI was performed on the 3rd, 7th, and 30th day after focal cerebral ischemia.The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)and apoptosis was observed by immunofluorescence.The protein levels of GFAP and proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), CyelinA and CyclinB1 were measured by Western blotting from the ischemic and sham animals finished on the 3rd, 7th, and 30th day.Results A marked and significant reduction of brain infarction volume was found in Olomoucine-treated ischemic animals(2.27%?0.28% , 1.87%?0.19%, 1.08%? 0.18%)as compared with controls(5.10%?0.35%, 4.60%?0.26%, 3.96%?0.28%, P