No abstract available.
Child* ; Hip* ; Humans ; Osteoma, Osteoid*

No abstract available.
Diabetes Insipidus, Nephrogenic* ; Urinary Bladder*

No abstract available.

The free radicals generated during the ischemic/reperfusion period have been suggested as a possible cause for tissue damage in organs. This state was conducted to investigate protective effects of free radical scavengers through changes in the lipid peroxide content of the testis when administered before reperfusion of testicular torsion. These protective agents include superoxide dismutase(SOD), an oxygen radical scavenger and dimethylthiourea(DMTU), a hydroxyl radical scavenger. Forty five Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 9 groups, each containing 5 rats. Group 1 served to determine basal values of the lipid peroxide content of the testis ; group 2 underwent sham operation as a control ; group 3 was subjected to unilateral testicular torsion lasting 3 hours; group 4, 5 were subjected to the detorsion lasting 1 hour and 2 hours following torsion for 3 hours; group 6, 7, 8, 9 were treated with SOD or DMTU before detorsion following torsion lasting 3 hours. The measurement of thiobarbituric acid reactive products of lipid peroxidation(TBAR) were employed to assess the extent of lipid peroxidation in testicular tissues. TBAR from sham operation control groups did not differ significantly from basal groups (p>0.05). Testicular torsion caused a significant increase in TBAR in the testis (p<0.05) when compared with basal values and detorsion caused a further significant increase when compared with values obtained after torsion. But TBAR after 1 hr detorsion did not change significantly compared with values obtained after 2 hours detorsion. The pretreatment with SOD prevented this further increase but the pretreatment with DMTU didn't. In conclusion, biochemically, reperfusion injury occurs in testis following detorsion after testicular torsion of 720 lasting 3 hours. The pretreatment with SOD, an oxygen radical scavenger, is effective in preventing reperfusion injury.
Animals ; Free Radical Scavengers* ; Free Radicals ; Hydroxyl Radical ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Oxygen ; Protective Agents ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury* ; Reperfusion* ; Spermatic Cord Torsion* ; Superoxides ; Testis

This study examined 60 children with ADHD through K-ABC, ADDES-HV, ADD-H comprehensive teacher's rating scale (ACTeRS), CAP, SNAP, Academic Performance rating scale, K-PIC, CPT and WCST in order to estimate the effects of methylphenidate, and find out various factors which can influence on treatment responses and predictive factors of treatment. Boys showed better improvement in impulsiveness of behavior symptoms than girls, but girls showed better improvement in trials to completed the first category in WCST. In the aspect of age, the lower graders (age 7-9) showed improvement in sequential processing ability of intelligence but the higher graders (age 10-12) showed deterioration. In the aspect of sub-categories of ADHD, children with mixed type who had been worse in attention deficit and behavior symptoms in pretreatment state, showed significantly higher improvement than children with predominantly inattentive type in every scopes of behavior symptom check list. And in clusters of K-PIC, after treatments the group those who had have more anxiety or depression showed better improvement in omission error in CPT. In the aspect of intelligence level, children with average intelligence showed better improvement in impulsiveness and impulse control than the rests. In the aspect of executive functions, the less omission errors in CPT one made, the better improvement in attention and academic ability he showed. And the less perseverative response in WCST one had, the better improvement in hyperactivity he showed however his simultaneous processing abilities were deteriorated. With these results, this study confirms that methylphenidate is effective in behavior symptoms, academic performance, intelligence and various performance abilities of children with ADHD including attention and response control. In the cases of the children with severe ADHD symptoms, especially behavioral disinhibition and the children with mixed type of ADHD, it is considered useful to predict the results of treatments.
Anxiety ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity* ; Child* ; Depression ; Executive Function ; Female ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Methylphenidate

We report a case of uncrossed complete ureteral duplication with the orifice of the upper system ureter opening in the cranial and lateral positionin the bladder. There was reflux only to the upper system of the duplex kidney and the orifice of the lower system ureter in caudal position was associated with a ureterocele, and the lower pole system was large and non-functioning. The patient was treated successfully by lower pole heminephrectomy and ureterectomy.
Humans ; Kidney ; Ureter* ; Ureterocele* ; Urinary Bladder

OBJECTIVES: Recently high dose chemotherapy with autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (APBSCT) has been investigated with the hope of maximizing tumor response and increasing survival. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect, feasibility, and toxicity of high-dose cyclophosphamide, thiotepa, and carboplatin (CTCb) with APBSCT in patients with metastatic or high risk primary breast cancer. METHODS: Four cases of high-risk primary breast cancer (with more than 10 involved axillary nodes) and three cases of metastatic disease in complete or partial response were enrolled. Peripheral blood stem cells were mobilized by G-CSF plus chemotherapy, and median number of collected mononuclear cells was 5.44 X 108/kg(range, 1.95-7.08 X 108/kg). High-dose chemotherapy of cyclophosphamide (1,500mg/m2/day), thiotepa (125mg/m2/day) and carboplatin (200mg/m2/day) was administered for 4 days and peripheral blood stem cells were reinfused to the patients 72 hours after the completion of chemotherapy. RESULTS: The median days of recovery for neutrophil (over 500/mm3) and for platelet (over 50,000/mm3) were 10 (range, 8 to 33) and 30 (range, 10 to 40). One patient suffered from seizure attack and grade 3 hepatotoxicity during high dose chemotherapy, There were no treatment-related death. Four patients with high-risk primary breast cancer remained disease-free at 2, 8, 12 and 19 months post-transplant. In one patient with bone metastasis, complete response was induced following APBSCT. All three patients with metastatic disease remained progression-free at 8, 18 and 19 months post-transplant. CONCLUSION: High-dose chemotherapy and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation was feasible and would be a potentially effective treatment modality in high risk and metastatic breast cancer.
Blood Platelets ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Carboplatin* ; Cyclophosphamide* ; Drug Therapy* ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; Hope ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neutrophils ; Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation* ; Seizures ; Stem Cells ; Thiotepa*

PURPOSE: Positive correlation between dosage of antineoplastic agents and tumor response is well demonstrated in advanced breast cancer. But severe bone marrow depression limit the clinical application of high dose chemotherapy. Autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation(PBSCT) after high dose chemotherapy(HDC) was introduced to promote rapid bone marrow recovery. This study was designed to establish the feasibility of combining high dose cyclophosphamide, thiotepa, and carboplatin chemotherapy followed by stem cell rescue in patients with responsive metastatic or high risk primary breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Eligibility criteria included the presence of high risk primary breast cancer(10 or more involved axillary lymph node, n=4), recurrent disease after curative resection(n=6) or stage IV disease at the time of diagnosis(n=1). The responses of recurrent disease to initial chemotherapy were 4 complete responses and 1 partial responses. One recurrent case with solitary pulmonary metastasis underwent metastasectomy and got chemotherapy after operation. Colony stimulating factor was administered to mobilize stem cells from bone marrow to peripheral blood. The stem cell collection was performed 4~10 times(median 4) and the number of collected stem cell was 1.95~7.34x10(8)kg(median 4.87x10(8)/kg). High dose chemotherapy with CTCb (cyclophosphamide 1,500 mg/m2/day, thiotepa 125 mg/m2/day, carboplatin 200 mg/m2/ day) was performed from day -7 to day -4 and peripheral stem cell infusion was performed on day 0 as planned. RESULT: Eleven patients were enrolled in this study. Their median age was 39 years old. The median time for bone marrow recovery was 11 days for neutrophil(>500/mm2) and 28 days for platelet(>50,000/mm2). Packed red blood cell and platelet transfusion were performed in 11 patients. The group whose infused mononuclear cell count was less than 4.0 x 10(8)/kg(n=9) needed longer time for bone marrow recovery than those(n=2) who had more than 4.0 x 10(8)/kg( 20 vs 13 day, p < 0.05 ). For non-hematologic toxicity, none have experienced toxicity more than grade III. There were 2 recurrences of 4 cases with high risk breast cancer at the 22 th, and 25 th month but they are still alive at the 28 th, and 29 th month each. The other 2 cases are alive without recurrences at the 18 th, and 20 th months each. In the recurrent disease group, one case who showed partial response to initial chemotherapy recurred at the 4 th month and died at the 13 th month after PBSCT. The other 5 cases are alive without recurrence at the 1st, 3 rd, 3 rd, 5 th, and 31 th month each. One case with stage IV disease(bone metastasis) is alive without evidence of progression at the 3 rd month. CONCLUSION: High dose chemotherapy with PBSCT can be performed safely. Long term survival of patients with advanced breast cancer would be possible by PBSCT after HDC. Further clinical trials based on larger patient population is required to evaluate clinical efficacy of PBSCT after HDC in high risk and recurrent breast cancer.
Adult ; Antineoplastic Agents ; Bone Marrow ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Carboplatin* ; Cell Count ; Colony-Stimulating Factors ; Cyclophosphamide* ; Depression ; Drug Therapy ; Erythrocytes ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Metastasectomy ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation ; Platelet Transfusion ; Recurrence ; Stem Cells* ; Thiotepa*

PURPOSE: Pseudomonas aeruginosa has emerged as one of the most problematic bacteria in modern hospital settings, and this organism is increasingly isolated as a nosocomial pathogen. Burn patients are particularly susceptible to Pseudomonas infection. Therefore, the accurate and sensitive microbiologic tests are needed for strict management of this prevalent microorganism. METHODS: A nested polymerase chain reaction test based on consecutive amplification of the lipoprotein genes, oprL and oprI, was designed and evaluated, in comparison with the conventional blood culture, for its ability to detect Pseudomonas aeruginosa in clinical materials of burn patients. RESULTS: Positive results of PCR based on oprL gene were observed only for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. All other bacteria (n=4) tested by this amplification method were negative. Also the lowest detection level was 1X101 bacteria per ml of blood samples. In addition, PCR afforded a significantly higher detection rate for Pseudomonas aeruginosa than the conventional blood culture technique in clinical materials of burn patients (25.9% vs. 8.6%). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the nested PCR technique is highly specific and sensitive test for detectionof Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and therefore it may be a useful adjunct tool, in combination with other conventional techniques, for detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.
Bacteria ; Burns* ; Culture Techniques ; Humans ; Lipoproteins ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa* ; Pseudomonas Infections ; Pseudomonas*

We evaluated the biological scaffold properties of canine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) compared to a those of polypropylene mesh in growing rats with full-thickness abdominal defects. SIS is used to repair musculoskeletal tissue while promoting cell migration and supporting tissue regeneration. Polypropylene mesh is a non-resorbable synthetic material that can endure mechanical tension. Canine SIS was obtained from donor German shepherds, and its porous collagen fiber structure was identified using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A 2.50-cm2 section of canine SIS (SIS group) or mesh (mesh group) was implanted in Sprague-Dawley rats. At 1, 2, 4, 12, and 24 weeks after surgery, the implants were histopathologically examined and tensile load was tested. One month after surgery, CD68+ macrophage numbers in the SIS group were increased, but the number of CD8+ T cells in this group declined more rapidly than that in rats treated with the mesh. In the SIS group, few adhesions and well-developed autologous abdominal muscle infiltration into the SIS collagen fibers were observed. No significant differences in the tensile load test results were found between the SIS and mesh groups at 24 weeks. Canine SIS may therefore be a suitable replacement for artificial biological scaffolds in small animals.
Abdominal Wall/*surgery ; Animals ; Biocompatible Materials/*therapeutic use ; Dogs ; Female ; Intestinal Mucosa/cytology/transplantation ; Intestine, Small/cytology/*transplantation ; Polypropylenes/*therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tensile Strength ; Tissue Adhesions ; *Tissue Scaffolds ; Transplantation, Heterologous/*methods ; *Wound Healing