A clinical observation of tattoos was made during physical exarnination for conscription in Choongchengnarndo and northern area of Seoul from April to August, 1988. The result were as follows : 1. The most common educational level of tattoo pstient was in the middle school graduated group (55.9%). 2. The average age when first tattoo was made was 17.3% years. 3. Left arm was the most favorite site (44.45b). 4. Most of motivation for being tattooed was curiosity, heroism, for fun(51.2%). 5. Girl friends name, heart or heart and arrow, rose and one-mind were the most common contents of tattoos. 6. The average number of tattoo was 2.5. 7. More Tattoos were tattooed by themselves than by others (55.9%). 8. Most common tattoo material was chinese ink. 9. The complications of tattoo were found in 23 case (5.2%); hypertropic scar, keloid, post inflammatory hyper/hypo pigmentation and pyoderma. 10. The removal of tattoos were tried in 95 case (21.6%). The most frequent methods used were cigarette burning and scratching with a knife.
Adolescent* ; Arm ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Burns ; Cicatrix ; Exploratory Behavior ; Female ; Friends ; Heart ; Humans ; Ink ; Keloid ; Motivation ; Pigmentation ; Pyoderma ; Seoul ; Tobacco Products

OBJECTIVES: Weight gain and glucose intolerance are the most common symptoms of metabolic syndrome. Certain patients complain of weight-change and hyperglycemia after receiving antidepressants. Our study evaluated the effects of antidepressants on serum glucose and energy metabolism. METHODS: Subjects were 32 Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) and 35 wild-type Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats. From age 11 weeks, the rats were divided into 4 subgroups within each strain. We administered the designated antidepressant-amitriptyline, fluoxetine, or mirtazapine-to these subgroups, allocating the fourth as the control. After exactly 4 weeks' medication, we sacrificed the animals and checked their weight, glucose, insulin, leptin, adiponectin, and expression of adiponectin receptor mRNA. RESULTS: Fluoxetine subgroups in both strains gained the least weight. The glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels of all OLETF antidepressant subgroups did not differ from the controls. Adiponectins in amitriptyline- and mirtazapine-subgroups were higher than control. All antidepressant subgroups showed elevated expressions of adiponectin receptor mRNA in fat, muscle, and the pancreas. CONCLUSION: Amitriptyline and mirtazapine seem to regulate adiponectin and expression of adiponectin receptor mRNA. Even though the underlying mechanisms were different, we conclude none of the antidepressants would have negative influences on energy metabolism in diabetogenic animals.
Adiponectin ; Amitriptyline ; Animals ; Antidepressive Agents ; Cholesterol ; Energy Metabolism ; Fluoxetine ; Glucose ; Glucose Intolerance ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Insulin ; Leptin ; Mianserin ; Muscles ; Pancreas ; Rats ; Receptors, Adiponectin ; RNA, Messenger ; Sprains and Strains ; Weight Gain

PURPOSE: The risk of posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) after right hepatectomy remains substantial. Additional parameters such as computed tomography volumetry, liver stiffness measurement by FibroScan, indocyanine green retention rate at 15 minutes, and platelet count used to properly assess future liver remnant volume quality and quantity are of the utmost importance. Thus, we compared the usefulness of these modalities for predicting PHLF among patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after right hepatectomy. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent right hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma between 2007 and 2013. PHLF was determined according to International Study Group of Liver Surgery consensus definition and severity grading. Grades B and C were defined as clinically relevant posthepatectomy liver failure (CRPHLF). The results were internally validated using a cohort of 97 patients. RESULTS: Among the 90 included patients, 15 (16.7%) had CRPHLF. Multivariate analysis confirmed that platelet count < 140 (109/L) (hazard ratio [HR], 24.231; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.623–161.693; P = 0.001) and remnant liver volume-to-body weight (RVL/BW) ratio < 0.55 (HR, 25.600; 95% CI, 4.185–156.590; P < 0.001) were independent predictors of CRPHLF. Among the 12 patients with a platelet count < 140 (109/L) and RLV/BW ratio < 0.55, 9 (75%) had CRPHLF. Likewise, 5 of 38 (13.2%) with only one risk factor developed CRPHL versus 1 of 40 (2.5%) with no risk factors. These findings were confirmed by the validation cohort. CONCLUSION RLV/BW ratio and platelet count are more important than the conventional RLV/TFLV, indocyanine green retention rate at 15 minutes, and liver stiffness measurement in the preoperative risk assessment for CRPHLF.