Objective To analyze the influence of radial neck fracture on the upper limb function in older children,and to evaluate the curative effect of plate fixation in the treatment of Salter-Harris Ⅱ type of radial neck fracture.Methods The clinical data of 16 older children with radial neck fractures who treated by T plate internal fixation were retrospectively analyzed.16 cases were closed fractures,merging radial nerve injury in 1 case,3 cases of distal humerus fractures,1 case with rib fractures,fractures were Salter-Harris Ⅱ type,adopt steel plate internal fixa tion.Results 1 6 patients were followed up for 9-1 8 months.X-ray healing time was 6-9 weekson average 7.6 weeks.No malunion and no healing,no case of epiphyseal injuries.1 patient appeared steel block forearm supination.Postoperative patients with forearm pronation were greater than 90° supination were greater than 60 °.No radial nerve injury.Evaluation results were good.Conclusion Clinical treatment effect of open reduction and plate internal fixation in the treatment of older children with Salter-Harris Ⅱ type of radial neck fracture is satisfactory.Surgical treatment not only can enhance the fracture stability,but also can do the elbow joint function exercise to prevent dysfunction much earlier.

Objective To investigate the characteristic of regional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) in the brain of adolescents with online game addiction during the resting state.Methods The ALFF method was employed to explore the local features of spontaneous brain activity in adolescents with online game addiction (n =26) and healthy controls (n =23) during resting-state by Resting-State fMRI Data Analysis Toolkit.Results Compared with healthy controls,adolescents with online game addiction showed increased ALFF values in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC),left middle cingulate cortex (MCC),bilateral caudate,right pallidum,bilateral parahippocampal gyrus,and right insula.It was noteworthy that the ALFF values of the right caudate (r =0.4437,P =0.0232) and right parabippocampal gyrus (r =0.5227,P =0.0062) were positively correlated with the duration of online game addiction.Conclusion The abnormal spontaneous neuronal activity properties during the resting state were revealed in the brain regions of adolescents with online game addiction.And the abnormalities may become more significant as the disease progresses.

OBJECTIVES: To quantitatively analyzing the anatomic variants on temporal computed tomography (CT) in congenital external auditory canal stenosis (EACS), congenital aural atresia (CAA), and normal ear structure. METHODS: Through a retrospective study, we analyzed 142 temporal high-resolution CT studies performed in 71 microtia patients. The following 6 parameters were compared among the three groups: Marx classification, medial canal diameter, vertical facial nerve (VFN) anterior displacement, tegmen mastoideum position, tympanic cavity volume, and malleus-incus joint or malleus-incus complex (MIC) area. RESULTS: The results showed that the microtia distributions in the Marx classification in these three groups were significantly different, as 86% (31 of 35) of ears with major microtia (third-degree dysplasia) had an atresia, and in 54.8% (23 of 42) of the minor microtic (first-degree or second-degree) ears, the bony or cartilaginous part of the external auditory canal was stenotic. Measurement data also showed that the potential medial canal diameter of the atresia group was obviously shorter than that of the stenosis group. The VFN anterior displacement and temporomandibular joint backward-shift together lead to medial canal diameters in ears with atresic canals that is smaller than those with stenotic canals. The tegmen mastoideum position was not significantly different between the three groups. CONCLUSION: The mal-development of the external auditory canal is significantly associated with auricle and middle ear developmental anomalies. Compared with CAA ears, EACS have better development of the auricle, canal, tympanic cavity and MIC and relatively safer surgical operation except for the position of the tegmen mastoideum and the VFN.
Classification ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Ear ; Ear Canal ; Ear, Middle ; Facial Nerve ; Humans ; Joints ; Multidetector Computed Tomography ; Retrospective Studies ; Temporomandibular Joint

Objective:To evaluate the influencing factors of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (CF-PWV) and its value to predict outcomes in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients.Methods:Eligible patients undergoing PD in Renji Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University between August 2016 and July 2018 were recruited and prospectively followed up until death, PD cessation, or to the end of the study. CF-PWV was measured by an arterial pulse wave velocity meter to assess arterial stiffness (July 31, 2020). Overhydration was measured by bioimpedance spectroscopy. The patients were divided into CF-PWV≤10 m/s group and CF-PWV>10 m/s group according to the measured value of CF-PWV. The influencing factors of elevated CF-PWV were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. Survival curves were generated using the Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze the difference for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality between the two groups.Results:A total of 224 PD patients were enrolled, including 133 males (59.4%). The age was (55.2±13.4) years old, and median PD vintage was 22.3(6.5, 59.3) months. Among them, 47(21.0%) patients were comorbid with diabetes, and 37(16.5%) patients had CVD history. The median CF-PWV was 9.6(8.4, 11.4) m/s for the cohort, and 105(46.9%) participants had CF-PWV over 10 m/s. Compared with CF-PWV≤10 m/s group, CF-PWV>10 m/s group patients had older age, increased percentage of diabetes and CVD (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that increased age ( OR=1.070, 95% CI 1.043-1.099, P<0.001), diabetes ( OR=3.693, 95% CI 1.646-8.287, P=0.002) and higher overhydration ( OR=1.238, 95% CI 1.034-1.483, P=0.020) were independent influencing factors for elevated CF-PWV in PD patients. After followed up for 37.4(25.6, 41.7) months, 24 patients died, including 19 cases of CVD-related deaths. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that all-cause mortality and CVD mortality were significantly higher in the CF-PWV>10 m/s group than those in CF-PWV≤10 m/s group (Log-rank χ2=6.423, P=0.011; Log-rank χ2=6.243, P=0.012, respectively). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models showed that increased age was an independent influencing factor for both all-cause mortality and CVD mortality ( HR=1.057, 95% CI 1.010-1.107, P=0.018; HR=1.062, 95% CI 1.009-1.118, P=0.022). Conclusions:Increased arterial stiffness is relatively common in PD patients. Higher CF-PWV in PD patients is associated with increased age, diabetes and higher overhydration, and it is probably a valuable predictor of outcome in PD patients.

Objective:To investigate the differences of resting-state spontaneous neural activity between smoking addicted teenagers and healthy non-smokers.Methods:In the current study, the percent amplitude of fluctuation (perAF) approach was applied to explore the differences of resting-state spontaneous neural activity between smoking addicted teenagers and healthy non-smokers.Pearson correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationships between the altered perAF values and smoking years, fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND) and pack-years of smokers.Results:Compared with healthy non-smokers, smoking addicted teenagers showed increased perAF values in the parahippocampal gyrus (smoking addicted teenagers: 2.026 5±0.516 7, nonsmokers: 0.781 6±0.148 9), middle temporal gyrus (smoking addicted teenagers: 0.796 7±0.203 2, nonsmokers: 0.545 5±0.134 1), and superior frontal gyrus (smoking addicted teenagers: 2.734 5±0.372 8, nonsmokers: 1.962 4±0.416 8) (all P<0.001). It was noteworthy that the perAF values of the parahippocampal gyrus were negatively correlated with smoking years of smoking addicted teenagers( r=-0.6007, P=0.0084). Conclusion:Compared with healthy non-smokers, the resting-state regional neural activity in smoking addicted teenagers was altered, mainly manifested as increased perAF value in the parahippocampal gyrus, which is correlated with smoking years of smoking addicted teenagers.These findings may help us understanding neural mechanisms underlying nicotine addiction of smoking addicted teenagers.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Whether or not migraine can cause cumulative brain alterations due to frequent migraine-related nociceptive input in patients is largely unclear. The aim of this study was to characterize longitudinal changes in brain activity between repeated observations within a short time interval in a group of female migraine patients, using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. METHODS: Nineteen patients and 20 healthy controls (HC) participated in the study. Regional homogeneity (ReHo) and functional interregional connectivity were assessed to determine the focal and global features of brain dysfunction in migraine. The relationship between changes in headache parameters and longitudinal brain alterations were also investigated. RESULTS: All patients reported that their headache activity increased over time. Abnormal ReHo changes in the patient group relative to the HC were found in the putamen, orbitofrontal cortex, secondary somatosensory cortex, brainstem, and thalamus. Moreover, these brain regions exhibited longitudinal ReHo changes at the 6-week follow-up examination. These headache activity changes were accompanied by disproportionately dysfunctional connectivity in the putamen in the migraine patients, as revealed by functional connectivity analysis, suggesting that the putamen plays an important role in integrating diverse information among other migraine-related brain regions. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained in this study suggest that progressive brain aberrations in migraine progress as a result of increased headache attacks.
Brain Stem ; Brain* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Headache ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Migraine Disorders* ; Putamen ; Somatosensory Cortex ; Thalamus

Objective:To evaluate the superior effect of thoracic epidural block (TEB) used for analgesia in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).Methods:Fifty patients of both sexes, aged 18-64 yr, with SAP, with Japanese severity score (JSS) ≥3, onset time of SAP≤12 h, were divided into conventional analgesia group (group C) and TEB group.Sufentanil was intravenously infused for analgesia in group C. TEB was performed for analgesia in group TEB.In group C, sufentanil was intravenously infused at a rate of 0.2-0.3 μg·kg -1·h -1 after admission to hospital.In group TEB, an epidural catheter was placed at T 9, 10 interspace, and 0.66% lidocaine mixed with 0.33% ropivacaine was epidurally infused at a rate of 3-5 ml/h for 120 h after admission to hospital.Visual analog scale (VAS) score and intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) were recorded at 1, 24, 48, 72 and 120 h of analgesia.HR, respiratory rate (RR), oxygenation index, computed tomography severity index (CTSI), JSS and Ranson scores were recorded at 24, 72 and 120 h of analgesia, and the de-criticalization within 72 h following analgesia was evaluated. Results:Compared with group C, VAS score and IAP were significantly deceased at each time point ( P<0.05), the rate of de-criticalization (60%/90%) was increased ( P<0.05), and Ranson score, CTSI score and JSS score were decreased at 120 h of analgesia in group TEB ( P<0.05). Conclusion:TEB can not only produce good analgesic effect, but also improve the development of the disease, which has superior effect compared with routine analgesia when used for the treatment of SAP.

Objectives:To search, evaluate, and summarize the evidence related to the application management of over-the-counter (OTC) medications for constipation in the elderly, providing evidence-based support for the rational use of these medications.Methods:A systematic search was conducted through computerized decision support systems, guideline websites, professional association websites, and databases for clinical decisions, guidelines, evidence summaries, and expert consensus on the management of OTC medications for constipation in the elderly. The search period spanned from January 2018 to March 2023. The quality of the literature was independently assessed, and evidence was extracted. The 2014 version of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) evidence grading system was used to determine the levels of evidence.Results:A total of 18 article were included, consisting of two clinical decisions, five guidelines, seven expert consensus statements, and four evidence summaries. These covered five areas: medication principles for elderly individuals with different characteristics, medication selection, medication monitoring, health education, and precautions, culminating in a total of 30 best evidence.Conclusions:This study summarizes the best evidence for the management of OTC medications for constipation in the elderly, providing evidence-based support for the rational application of these medications.

Objective To observe the changes of electroencephalogram (EEG) signal during the resting state in adolescents with smoking addiction.Methods Spectral analysis during the resting state was used to observe and analyze the EEG signals between adolescents with smoking addiction (n=21) and nosmoking control group (n=21) by using Brain Vision Analyzer software.Results Compared with the nosmoking control group,adolescents with smoking addiction showed increased alpha band signals in 3 brain regions (including left-anterior,right-anterior and midline-anterior regions,P＜0.05),and decreased delta band signals in 3 brain regions (including right-posterior,midline-anterior and midline-posterior regions,P＜0.05).Moreover,the signals in these brain regions were positively correlated with pack-years (alpha band:left-anterior(r=0.648,P=0.003),right-anterior (r=0.629,P=0.004),midline-anterior (r=0.456,P=0.043);delta band:right-posterior (r=0.602,P =0.005),midline-anterior (r =0.533,P=0.019),midline-posterior (r=0.692,P=0.001))in adolescents with smoking addiction.Conclusion The changes of EEG signals during the resting state in adolescents with smoking addiction may be associated with cumulative effects of smoking.

Objective To investigate the change of the error positivity(Pe)of event-related poten-tial(ERP)under Flanker task in adolescents with smoking addiction. Method The signals of ERP during the Flanker task in fifteen adolescents with smoking addiction were compared with that of 15 non-smoking ad-olescents. Results The Pe amplitude in adolescents with smoking addiction((3.575±2.299)μV)was sig-nificantly lower than that of non-smokers((5.865 ± 4.290)μV)(F=5.324,P=0.029),and the reaction time of the Flanker task in smoking addiction adolescent group((440.754± 36.051)ms)was significantly higher than that in the control group((422.850±20.194)ms)(F=0.620,P<0.05).The Pe amplitude in ado-lescents with smoking addiction was positively correlated with smoking index(pack-years)(r=0.599,P=0.018). Conclusion The adolescents with smoking addiction may exit worse ability of error monitoring dur-ing the Flanker task.