This paper designs the component-based workflow architecture of a medical diagnosis and treatment system. The introduction of component technology enhances the expansibility and robustness of the system. At the end of this paper, a component -based technique for designing medical diagnosis and treatment system, named "Building Block", is brought forward and validated.

Innovation is the soul and dynamic of surgical continues development, laparoscopic surgical technique brings us the opportunity and challenge in the 21st century era of minimally invasive surgery, we should be innovative and some more calm thinking. Some traditional surgical ideas and approaches should be reassessed and developed, but not some basic surgical principles. Surgery is a practical science and innovation should be based on the practical foundation,minimally invasive surgical technological development depends on the development of modern science and technology.

Laparo-endoscopic single site (LESS) surgery is in line with the development trend of minimally invasive surgery.Resolving the problems caused by the tiny single trocar is very important for the popularizing of LESS surgery.From February to September in 2012,34 patients with cholecystolithiasis or polypoid lesions of the gallbladder received gasless singleincision laparoscopic cholecystectomy at the Xuanwu Hospital.All the operations were successfully done,with no conversion to conventional laparoscopic surgery or open surgery.The mean operation time,intraoperative blood loss and duration of postoperative hospital stay were 70 minutes (range,45-135 minutes),18 ml (range,5-40 ml) and 3.4 days (range,3-4 days).There was no complication within the follow-up of 3 weeks,and all patients recovered well with satisfied cosmetic effect.Combination of gasless single-incision laparoscopic techniques could decrease the difficulty of LESS surgery and help to popularize LESS surgery.

Objective: To investigate the depression and anxiety in patients with asthma. Methods: With SAS and SDS,100 asthmatic patients were assessed. Results: The mean scores of SAS and SDS were 54.12±6.47, 44.8±7.28 respectively. 68% of sample had anxiety and 78% had depression. Conclusion: Most of patients with asthma have anxiety and depression. It suggests the treament of depression and anxiety for asthmatic patients are needed besides the conventional treatment.

Objective To compare the efficacy of laparoscopic appendectomy(LA) and open appendectomy(OA) for perforated appendicitis.Methods From January 2002 to December 2005,40 patients with perforated appendicitis were treated at Xuanwu Hospital,20 of them received LA,and the others underwent OA.The clinical data of the patients were retrospectively analyzed.Results The operative time in the LA group was significantly longer than that in the OA group [(75.8?11.6) min vs(54.8?9.5) min,t=6.264,P=0.000)].And the patients in the LA group returned to oral intake earlier than those in the OA group [(1.8?0.5) d vs(2.6?0.5) d,t=-5.060,P=0.000].Moreover,the periods of antibiotic use and hospital stay in the LA group were significantly shorter than those in the OA group [(3.8?0.7) d vs(6.3?1.2) d,t=-8.048,P=0.000;and(5.8?1.1) d vs(11.6?1.6) d,t=-13.359,P=0.000].Although 3 patients had incision infection in the OA group,while none of the LA group had such a complication,no significant difference was detected in the complication rate between the two groups(Fisher's exact test,P=0.115).Conclusions Laparoscopic appendectomy is superior to open surgery for perforated appendicitis because of its advantages of quick recovery,short hospitalization,less antibiotic use,and minimal invasion.LA is a safe,effective,and feasible procedure for perforated appendicitis.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of color Doppler ultrasonography in congenital muscular torticollis (CMT). Methods The sonographic characteristics of 62 children with CMT confirmed clinically were retrospectively analyzed. Results Abnormal ultrasound features could be visualized in all of 62 children with CMT. According to the sonogram features, 62 children were divided into 2 types: mass-forming (32/62, 51.61%) and diffuse type (30/62, 48.39%). Arterial flow signals were detected in 18 children (18/62, 29.03%); RI was 0.73-0.88. Conclusion Ultrasonography has specific value for the diagnosis of CMT.

BACKGROUND: Neuroleptic agents are effective in treating Tourette syndrome (TS). Side effects such as acute myodystonia and oculogyric crisis as well as the risk of delayed dyskinesia have led to search for alternative therapy.OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of metoclopramide in controlling the symptoms of TS and improving the intelligence and memory function without causing extrapyramidal side effects.DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial and blind method.SETTING: Neurological Department of Xiangya Hospital Affiliated to Central South University; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hunan Province; Neurological Department of the First People's Hospital of Nanning City; Public Health College of Central South University.PARTICIPANTS: Fifty patients with TS came from Tic Specialty Clinic,Neurological Department of Xiangya Hospital, between January 2000 and June 2001. Patients and their family members agreed toaccept our medical treatment and reexamination on fixed dates. There were 38 males and 12 females aged 5-21 years with the mean age of (10.4±4.2) years. All of them were divided into metoclopramide group and haloperidol group with 25 in each group.METHODS: Metoclopramide and haloperidol were white tablets bottled without tag (100 tablets of white color medicine in each bottle). The two types of medicine in each bottle were marked Ⅰ or Ⅱ, respectively. The blind method (patients, their parents and evaluation blinded) was used to test the real biochemical nature of the medicine. Medicine was given by a specific doctor on regular days (2, 4, 8, 16 weeks) to patients on their revisit. The daily dose of metoclopramide for body weight was 0.5-2 mg/(kg· d) and haloperidol was 0.05 mg/(kg· d) and was assigned 3-4 times (principle of dose individuality). In addition, TS patients with severe tics in metoclopramide group would receive metoclopramide 10 mg by intramuscular injection twice a day, at the initial treatment for 2-4 days. ①Before and after treatment, TS severity of patients at weeks 2, 4, 8 and 16 was evaluated by YGTSS (the total score was 100 points; the higher the score, the more severe the condition and overall impairment). ② The clinical curative effect of the medicines was evaluated with YGTSS deduction rate before and after treatment. ③ Asberg side-effect rating score: The lower the score, the fewer and milder the side effects. ④ The cognition function was evaluated with WISC score before treatment and after 3 months of treatment. WISC consisted of language and performance components with 11 subtests, while memory scale category had 10 subtests (memory score lower than the standard indicated problem in memory function).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Comparison of YGTSS in patients before and after treatment; ② comparison of efficacy in patients of the two groups; ③ comparison of intelligence quotient and memory quotient of patients before and after treatment; ④ adverse events and side effects.RESULTS: Totally 50 patients entered the final analysis. ① Comparison of Tourette' s syndrome in patients before and after treatment: YGTSS score in the two groups decreased significantly after treatment. The comparison of the differences suggested that metoclopramide had better curative effect than haloperidol. In metoclopramide group, YGTSS score was reduced steadily at weeks 2, 4, 8 and 16. In haloperidol group, YGTSS score was also reduced steadily at weeks 2, 8 and 16, but it was similar at week 2 and week 4. ② Comparison of efficacy in patients of the two groups: The total clinical curative effect rate was 92% (23/25) in both groups withoutany difference (P ＞ 0.05). ③ Comparison of intelligence quotient beforeand after treatment: In both metoclopramide group and haloperidol group itwas higher after treatment than before treatment (93.0±15.1, 87.0±14.6; 93.2±17.0, 87.3±13.6, t=3.43, 2.3, P ＜ 0.01). ④ Comparison of memory quo tient of patients before and after treatment: It was higher only in metoclo pramide group after treatment than before treatment (87.8±12.8, 75.8±15.5, t=3.30, P ＜ 0.01). ⑤ Score of Asberg side effects: It was lower in metoclo pramide group than in haloperidol group [(1.00±0.76), (3.24±1.40) points, t=7.05, P ＜ 0.01]. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that metoclopramide is effective in con trolling the symptoms of TS and improving intelligence and memory function. Metoclopramide causes mild side effects, but no extrapyramidal side effects.

Objective To investigate the correlation between plasma cystatin C (CysC) level and carotid atherosclerotic plaque in patients with ischemic stroke.Methods The clinical data in patients with acute ischemic stroke were analyzed retrospectively.According to the results of carotid artery ultrasound,the patients were divided into either a non-plaque group or a plaque group.Then the plaque group was redivided into a stable plaque subgroup and a vulnerable plaque subgroup.Multivariate logistic regression analysis and Pearson correlation analysis were used to explore the risk factors for carotid atherosclerotic plaque.Results A total of 226 patients with acute ischemic stroke were enrolled,172 of them had carotid plaque,and 54 had no plaque.Of the patients with carotid plaque,94 were stable plaque and 78 were vulnerable plaque.The age (71.82 ± 9.94 years vs.60.74 ± 13.81 years; t =6.160,P =0.014),proportion of patients with ischemic heart disease (11.6％ vs.1.9％; x2=6.169,P=0.020),systolic blood pressure (148.770± 21.007 mm Hg vs.142.240 ± 19.404 mm Hg; t =2.029,t =0.044),plasma CysC concentration (1.046 ± 0.438 mg/L vs.0.860 ±0.214 mg/L; t =3.006,P =0.003),and carotid IMT (1.122 ±0.278 mm vs.0.878 ±0.250 mm; t =5.762,P=0.000) in the plaque group were significantly higher than those in the non-plaque group.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the age (odds ratio [OR] 1.079,95％ confidence interval [CI] 1.044-1.116; P=0.000) and IMT (OR 31.450,95％ CI 6.233-158.692; P=0.000) was the independent risk factor for carotid plaque,while there was no significant independent correlation between the plasma CysC level and carotid plaque (P =0.217).Only IMT in the stable plaque subgroup was significantly higher than the vulnerable plaque group (1.176 ±0.285 mm vs.1.058 ±0.258 mm; t =-2.824,P =0.005),and it was the independent protective factor for the carotid plaque stability (OR 0.195,95％ CI 0.059-0.064; P =0.007).Pearson correlation analysis showed that the plasma CysC level was positively correlated with the age (r =0.375,P =0.000) and serum creatinine level (r =0.462,P =0.000),but it was not significantly correlated with carotid IMT (r =0.075,P =0.264).Conclusions In patients with ischemic stroke,no correlations were found between the plasma CysC level and carotid atherosclerotic plaque,plaque stability,and IMT.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of Astragalous Injection on oxidative stress and micro-inflammatory status in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). METHODS: Sixty MHD patients were included and randomized into treatment group and control group, with another 10 healthy volunteers as normal control. The patients in the treatment group were treated with Astragalous Injection and the patients in the control group were treated with normal saline for 12 weeks. A spectrophotometric method was used for the measurement of plasma concentrations of oxidative parameters including advanced glycation end products (AGEs), advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP), malondialdehyde (MDA) and vitamin E (Vit E). The content of C-reactive protein (CRP) was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Compared with the normal control group, the plasma levels of AGEs, AOPP, MDA and CRP were significantly increased, while plasma level of Vit E was significantly decreased in MHD patients ( P<0.01). After Astragalous Injection treatment, the plasma levels of AGEs, AOPP, MDA and CRP were decreased as compared with the control group ( P<0.01), while there was no significant difference in plasma Vit E level between the treatment group and control group. CONCLUSION: There exist oxidative stress and micro-inflammation in MHD patients. Astragalous Injection can ameliorate the accumulation of oxidative products and micro-inflammatory status, but it has no significant effect on plasma Vit E level.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of CEUS in Crohn discasc (CD) activity.Methods Thirty-nine patients with CD were analyzed.The clinical disease activity index of 18 cases were less than 150 (inactivity),and 21 cases were between 150 and 450 (activity).The thickness of intestinal walls were measured and Limberg classification were determined by power-Doppler results.The CEUS was performed,and the parameters including rise time,peak intensity,mean transit time,time from peak to one half,wash in slope and time to peak were statistical analyzed.Results The thickness of the lesions,peak intensity and wash in slope of activity CD were greater than those of inactivity CD,which had significant difference (all P＜0.05).The Limberg classification of type Ⅰ was 1 case,type Ⅱ was 4 cases,type Ⅲ was 10 cases and type Ⅳ was 6 cases in activity CD.The Limberg classification of type Ⅰ was 10 cases,type Ⅱ was 7 cases and type Ⅲ was 1 case.The Limberg classification were mainly type Ⅲ and type Ⅳ in activity CD,and type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ in inactivity CD,which had significant difference (P＜0.001).Conclusion CEUS can provide quantitative parameters in CD activity and has great clinical value.