Objective To report on our experience with laparoscopic nephron-sparing surgery forthe treatment of renal tumors,and to seek the safe and effective techniques and methods. Methods FromJune 2003 to June 2005,16 patients (5 men and 11 women) with small exophytic solid renal masses weretreated by transperitoneal laparoscopic wedge resection in our hospital.The mean age was 46 years (range,29 -56 years).The mean tumor size of renal cell carcinoma (5 cases) and hamartoma (11 cases) was2.0 -3.5 cm and 3.0 -5.5 cm,respectively, in diameter. One case of hamartoma had secondary bleeding.Wedge resection of the tumors was performed quickly with scissor,and hemostasis was achieved by intra-ab-domen suturing and knotting. Results All the procedures were finished laparoscopically with no conver-sion to open surgery.The mean operative time was 104 min (range,70 -150 min);mean hot bloodless timewas 21 min(range,14 -32 min);mean blood loss was 158 ml (range,50 -700 ml).The pathologic exami-nation showed negative surgical margin in 5 cases of renal cell carcinoma.Postoperatively,no urinary leakageand secondary bleeding occurred,and the renal function was normal in all the 16 cases.The patients weredischarged 7 d after operation.Follow-up was 1 month to 1 year.Neither distant nor local recurrences wereobserved by the last follow-up date on B-ultrasound,IVUand CTat follow-up. Conclusions Laparoscopicnephron-sparing surgery for renal tumors is a minimally invasive procedure with less blood loss,less pain andfewer complications.Reliable non-traumatic kidney vessel control is the basic method of this operation.Sharpresection without smog and rapid renal incision suturing can reduce the renal hot bloodless time.

To evaluate the forensic validation of D20S161 and D8S384 loci.Two typing kits for D20S161 and D8S384 had been home made.The samples had been analyzed by using both kits,which including human blood,human semen,human saliva,animal blood,mixture of human blood and animal blood;human bloodstain,human semen stain,human saliva stain,animal bloodstain, mixture stain of human blood and animal blood; old bloodstains.The sequences of primers for both loci had been compared with 606364 sequences in data base in GeneBank,USA.There are positive results for human blood,human semen,human saliva,mixture of human blood and animal blood by using both kits for D20S161 and D8S384 loci.But animal bloods have not any PCR-productyet.Genotyping of human bloodstain,human semen stain,human saliva stain,mixture stain of human blood and animal blood by using both kits for D20S161 and D8S384 loci were correct.But animal bloodstains had not any PCR productyet.Also, all of fifty old bloodstains had positive results of typing for D20S161 and D8S384.No product was obtained by PCR technigue when primers for both D20S161 and D8S384 loci were tested against 606364 known sequences in the data base in GeneBank.The results demonstrated that both loci have species specificity.Both D20S161 and D8S384 loci are useful marker for forensic casework and paternity analysis.

Objective To study the morphological changes, human bitemarks were made on the living and dead canine skin. Method The changing patterns of the human bitemarks were recorded with morphological parameters measured. The relationships among the patterns of the bitemark, tooth area, time, ocdusal force, tooth width and thickness were analyzed by multiple progressive regression. Results The multiple progressive regression equations of the morphological changes of human bitemark were established: S=-6.96-1.68?10 2T-0.11F +2.21W+3.75H(Live dog test,T

Objective Digital analysis of human bitemarks by blind method was assessed for its accura-cy. Method Digital analysis was used in double-blind method for identification of human bitemarks with control samples from 8 suspects. Photoshop 5.5 generates an overlay from bitemarks scanned and various coefficients were submitted for analysis by AutoCAD R14 engineering software to compare bitemarks with denture of suspects. Results Digital analysis shows that bitemarks tally with cast of denture from "suspects" in every coefficient. Conclusion Digital analysis is feasible for identification of experimental bitemarks and promises sound prospects in future forensic practice.

This is a biomechanical research in the morphological changing process of human bitemarks on the skin of dogs. The human bitemarks were made on the live and dead dogs by different tooth and occlusal force. The changing process of the bitemarks were recorded for a long time and its related morphological parameters were measured. Then multiple stepwise regression analysis was made to disclose the relationship of the shape of the bitemarks to occlusal force, time, and tooth area, tooth width and thickness. The mathematic relationship of the morphological changing process of the bitemark with occlusal force, time and tooth shape was established.
Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bite Force ; Bites, Human ; pathology ; Dogs ; Humans

This experiment was designed to study the method of human bitemarks digital analysis and its accuracy. The human bitemarks were made on the dog skin by human dentition. The related parameters of human bitemarks and suspects criminal dentitions were digitally recorded and managed. The digital picture of human bitemark was obtained, and the dental study model, bite in wax and bitemark on pig skin of suspected criminal were scanned. The overlay was prepared with Adobe Photoshop 5. 5 and the parameters were measured with AutoCAD R14, then their matches were compared. The result shows that the human bitemarks digital analysis is a more accurate approach to human bitemarks identification. Three methods for collecting evidence dental study model, bite in wax and bitemark on pig skin all can be used as aids in forensic sciences. Dental study model is the most accurate one of all the three methods mentioned above.
Animals ; Bites and Stings ; diagnosis ; Bites, Human ; diagnosis ; Dental Models ; Dogs ; Forensic Dentistry ; methods ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Photography ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Skin ; pathology ; Swine

OBJECTIVEThe forensic DNA databases are very important for individual identification. In order to evaluate the genetic markers used for a forensic DNA databases and the compatibility between the manual DNA typing system and the automatic DNA typing system, a testing DNA database should be constructed. Also, constructing a testing DNA database can increase our understanding of the issue for forensic DNA databases.

METHODSA total of 1000 specimens, including samples of blood, blood stains, salvia stains, semen stains, mixture stains and muscle tissues, were collected from the public security bureau of Chengdu. The DNA of each specimen was extracted by Chelex method and analyzed using Amp-FLP technique. A total of 8 STR loci, including D3S1358, D9S1118, vWA, D5S818, D16S539, D8S1179, CSF1PO and D20S161 were chosen and employed for DNA typing. Each STR locus was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction PCR and the PCR products were typed with the polyacryamide gel electrophoresis. Typing DNA was carried out by comparing with a human allele ladder. A total of 8 human allele ladders for D3S1358, D9S1118, vWA, D5S818, D16S539, D8S1179, CSF1PO and D20S161 were made in-house. Managing software of the testing DNA database was designed using Microsoft Access.

RESULTSThe results of DNA typing in 1000 specimens showed that the total discrimination power of 8 STR loci was over 0.99999999.

CONCLUSIONThis study show that a forensic DNA database should be useful for search purpose. The total discrimination power over 0.99999999 imply that in principle there is no identical genotype at whole 8 STR loci between two persons from a population with 10000000 individuals. This means that 8 STR loci used in this study are suitable to construct forensic DNA databases in Chengdu of China. The result of DNA typing can be repeated and the data have compatibility between the manual DNA typing system and the automatic DNA typing system. The data search in our testing DNA database can be carried out using only some loci of the set of 8 STR markers. Also, the volume of our testing DNA databases could be enlarged easily. The implication from this study is that the legislation should not be negligent before establishing a forensic DNA database. This DNA database provides a model for establishing the forensic DNA databases in China.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Alleles ; Crime ; DNA ; chemistry ; genetics ; Databases as Topic ; Female ; Forensic Medicine ; statistics & numerical data ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Middle Aged ; Prisoners ; statistics & numerical data ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Tandem Repeat Sequences ; genetics

Natamycin is a polyene macrolide antibiotics with strong and broad spectrum antifungal activity. It not only effectively inhibits the growth and reproduction of fungi, but also prevents the formation of some mycotoxins. Consequently, it has been approved for use as an antifungal food preservative in most countries, and is also widely used in agriculture and healthcare. Streptomyces natalensis and Streptomyces chatanoogensis are the main producers of natamycin. This review summarizes the biosynthesis and regulatory mechanism of natamycin, as well as the strategies for improving natamycin production. Moreover, the future perspectives on natamycin research are discussed.
Antifungal Agents/pharmacology* ; Fungi ; Natamycin ; Streptomyces

As one of the most lethal diseases, pancreatic cancer shows a dismal overall prognosis and high resistance to most treatment modalities. Furthermore, pancreatic cancer escapes early detection during the curable period because early symptoms rarely emerge and specific markers for this disease have not been found. Although combinations of new drugs, multimodal therapies, and adjuvants prolong survival, most patients still relapse after surgery and eventually die. Consequently, the search for more effective treatments for pancreatic cancer is highly relevant and justified. As a newly re-discovered mediator of gasotransmission, hydrogen sulfide (H

OBJECTIVE: To review the development of adult and pediatric liver transplantation in Tianjin First Center Hospital, and to enhance academic exchanges, improve technological innovation, and jointly promote the progress and maturity in the field of liver transplantation. METHODS: The development of liver transplantation in Tianjin First Center Hospital was analyzed. The clinical data of adult and pediatric liver transplantation from September 1998 to September 2018 were collected. The important events and technological innovation achievements of liver transplantation during the 20 years were summarized. RESULTS: The first clinical liver transplantation was attempted in Tianjin First Central Hospital in April 1980. The first long-term survival adult liver transplantation in China was completed in 1994 (11 years survival after the operation). The specialized team of liver transplantation was formally established in September 1998. The 20-year clinical exploration and progress reflected the characteristics of era changes and technological innovation during the rapid development of liver transplantation in China. Our center performed liver re-transplantation in January 1999, reduced-size pediatric liver transplantation in August 2000. In May 2001, we organized the formulation for the preventive and treatment plan for hepatitis B recurrence after liver transplantation. We performed combined liver and kidney transplantation in July 2002, split liver transplantation (SLT) in April 2004, the first domino liver transplantation (DLT) in August 2005. Pediatric living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) was initiated in October 2006, adult LDLT was carried out in August 2007. In September 2007, the first living donor combined liver and kidney transplantation from the same donor in Asia was performed. The first domino+living donor double grafts liver transplantation in the world was performed in January 2009. In March 2011, we performed laparoscopically assisted right hepatic lobe liver transplantation (LDLT) with middle hepatic vein. In May 2014, living donor laparoscopic left lateral lobe procurement was successfully established. In April 2016, simultaneous liver, pancreas and kidney multi-organ transplantation was completed. Domino donor-auxiliary liver transplantation was performed in February 2017. In December 2017, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)-supported liver transplantation in a patient with severe pulmonary hypertension was successfully completed. Liver transplantation combined with partial splenectomy was established in April 2018. Cross-domino liver transplantation (hypersensitive kidney transplantation with auxiliary liver transplantation+pediatric liver transplantation) was performed in May 2018. During the 20 years, the team has performed or assisted other centers in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen to carry out more than 10 000 cases of liver transplantations. A total of 7 043 cases of various types of liver transplantation were performed in the single center of the hospital (6 005 adult liver transplantations and 1 038 pediatric liver transplantations). Concerning adult liver transplantation, the cumulative 1-year, 3-year and 5-year survival rate from September 1998 to March 2003 were 83.1%, 73.0% and 69.0%, from April 2003 to March 2009 were 85.3%, 76.2% and 72.1% and from April 2009 to September 2018 were 87.5%, 79.2% and 75.1%, respectively. The cumulative 1-year, 3-year and 5-year survival rate for pediatric liver transplantation were 93.5%, 92.2% and 90.2%, respectively. The nucleoside (acid) analogue combined with low dose hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) was developed to prevent the recurrence of hepatitis B after liver transplantation, this plan has reduced the recurrence rate of hepatitis B and the 5-year re-infection rate of hepatitis B virus (HBV) after liver transplantation significantly. The risk assessment system for tumor recurrence after liver transplantation was established and individual treatment method was established based on this assessment system. Continuous exploration and improvement of liver transplantation for liver cancer, liver re-transplantation, liver transplantation with portal vein thrombosis, SLT, DLT and multi-organ combined transplantation have significantly improved the clinical efficacy of patients and the post-operative survival rate. CONCLUSIONS The liver transplantation team of Tianjin First Center Hospital has carried out a scientific and technological exploration on the key problems and technical difficulties of clinical liver transplantation. This work strongly has initiated and promoted the rapid development of liver transplantation in China. The restrictive barrier of hepatitis B recurrence after liver transplantation has been overcome. The risk prevention and control system of tumor recurrence after liver transplantation has been established. A series of innovative achievements that can be popularized have been achieved in the field of complex liver transplantation and expansion of donor liver source. The iterative progress and sustainable development of liver transplantation have been realized.
China ; Humans ; Liver Transplantation