Objective To compare and analyse the esthetic effect of four kinds of the porcelain fused to metal crowns (PFMs) in restoring anterior teeth. Methods Based on single standard, a total of 371 anterior teeth from 110 patients were restored by PFM, in which 206 teeth of 59 patients were restored with Ni-Cr alloy PFM, 105 teeth of 29 patients with full circular procelain shoulder PFM, 35 teeth of 16 patients with titanium metal PFM, and 25 teeth of 6 patients with noble metal PFM. The esthetic effect was examined and analysed by single-blind method in one week and after one year. Results Between three days and one week, there was no difference among four PFMs in shapes and colors, which corresponded with adjacent teeth. The edge suitability was good and no significance was found in them. After one year, there was no difference of four PFMs in shapes and colors, which corresponded with adjacent teeth. The edge suitability of noble metal PFM was better than the other three, and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion The esthetic effect is the best when noble metal PFM is used to restore anterior teeth and better with full circular procelain shoulder PFM.

Objective The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of comprehensive intervention on the family and social functions in patients with schizophrenia. Methods The stratified randomization, controlled experiment was designed for this study. 300 cases were diagnosed as schizophrenia in accordance with the Chinese classification and diagnostic criteria of mental disorder-3 (CCMD-3) diagnosis standard, and they were randomly divided into intervention group and control group. All the cases were followed up for three years after hospital discharge. Comprehensive interventions were only taken in intervention group, but not in control group. All of the cases were e-valuated by family assessment device (FAD) and social disability screening schedule ( SDSS) at the time of pre - therapy, hospital discharge and the end of 1st, 2nd and 3rd year after hospital discharge. Results In the 3rd year after hospital discharge, the scores of PANSS, FAD and SDSS of intervention group were significantly lower than those of control group ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion Comprehensive intervention can significantly improve the family and social functions in the patients with schizophrenia.

Objective To investigate the effect of different intrathecal doses of meperidine on shivering during cesarean delivery under spinal-epidural anesthesia.Methods Sixty parturient women,ASA grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ grade,scheduled for cesarean delivery were enrolled in four groups by random digits table with 15 cases each group.All patients underwent combined spinal-epidural anesthesia.Spinal anesthesia consisted of isobaric bupivacaine 0.5％ (10 mg) in the standard group (group A),isobaric bupivacaine 0.5％ (10 mg) plus 5 mg meperidine in group B,isobaric bupivacaine 0.5％ (10 mg) plus 10 mg meperidine in group C,isobaric bupivacaine 0.5％(10 mg) plus 15 mg meperidine in group D.The signs and symptoms were recorded 10,20,30,60 min after anesthesia respectively.Results All patients were successfully operated,not unexpected.Four groups at each time point of vital signs,nausea and vomiting,and the number of cases of neonatal 1,5 min Apgar scores was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Group A of shivering and the third grade shivering were significantly more than the number of group B,C,D(11 cases vs.2,1,1 cases;4 cases vs.0,0,0 cases,P＜ 0.01).Conclusion Epidural anesthesia,intrathecal meperidine 5-15 mg can effectively prevent shivering in cesarean section.

A foreign body was found in left bronchi of a 8-month infant. A fish bone of 26 mm long was pulled out with bronchoscopy under general anesthesia. This kind of surgery done in infant is more challenging than that done in child.
Anesthesia, General ; Bronchi ; Bronchoscopy ; methods ; Foreign Bodies ; surgery ; Humans ; Infant

Objective:To establish an HPLC method for determining nectandrin B in Uygur medicine Arillus Myristicae. Meth-ods:The analysis was performed on a SunFireTM C18 column (150 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5 μm) at 30°C using methanol /water (52 ∶48) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1. 0 ml·min-1 with the UV detection wavelength at 228. 4 nm. Results:The linear range of nectan-drin B was 3. 98 -79. 60 μg·ml-1(r=0. 999 2). The average recovery was 99. 89% with RSD of 1. 11%(n=6). Conclusion:The method is accurate, convenient and reproducible in the determination of nectandrin B in Uygur medicine Arillus Myristicae.

Objects:To observe the effort of rehabilitation therapy after SPR.Methods:Twenty CP patients with spasticity were operated from December 1996 to October 1997.Occupational therapy was used in conjunction with Bobath method which formed the base of PT.Results:All values of muscle tone before and after operation were significantly different.Strength of many muscular groups was lower than normal level before operation and decreased further postoperatively.Sitting,kneeling and standing posture improved after operation and rehabilitation.There were 9 independent walk cases improved stride length,heel contact pattern and they had no scissors gait after rehabilitation.Conclusion:The goals of rehabilitation training focused on building muscle strength,stretching contractures and building up right posture control,inhibiting abnormal movement pattern,and gradually forming nornmal movement pattern.

Objective To compare efficacy and safety of ziprasidone tablets and risperidone orally disintegrating tablets in the treatment of schizophrenia.Methods The randomized, double blind, double dummy parallel controlled was designed for this study. All cases were diagnosed as schizophrenia in accordance with the Chinese Classification and Diagnostic Criteria of Mental Disorder-3(CCMD-3) diagnosis standard and randomized into two groups which were treated with ziprasidone tablets or risperidone orally disintegrating tablets for 8 weeks. The initial doses of ziprasidone tablets risperidone and orally disintegrating tablets were 40 mg and 2 mg per day, respectively; and the effective doses range of ziprasidone tablets and risperidone orally disintegrating tablets were 40～160 mg and 2～8 mg per day, respectively. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Clinical Global Impression (CGI) and Treatment Emergent Side-effect Scale (TESS) were used to evaluate efficacy and side effects before and at the ends of 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks treatment，respectively. Results 114 adult schizophrenia patients were recruited in this study, including 55 patients in ziprasidone group and 59 patients in risperidone group. After 8 weeks treatment, the significant efficacy rates of ziprasidone group and risperidone group were 65.5% and 67.8%, respectively. The efficacy rates of ziprasidone group and risperidone group were 92.7% and 93.2%, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P＞0.05). All of the side effects observed in this study were slight. The incidence rates of side effect were 36.4% and 32.2% of ziprasidone group and risperidone group, respectively. Electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormality was only observed in ziprasidone group (7.3%). Accordingly, the extrapyramidal side syndrome (EPS) incidence rate of risperidone group (11.9%) was higher than ziprasidone group (3.6%). The difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P＞0.05).Conclusion Both of the two medicines were effective and safe in treatment of schizophrenia.

Objective To evaluate the effect of different restoration methods on fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth. Methods Fifty intact extracted maxillary first premolars were randomly divided into 5 groups. Medial-occlusal cavity models were established in all the test groups (B-E) according to the same standard, followed by treatments with defect exposure only, defect filling with light cured composite resin, indirect resin inlays, or light cured composite resin combined with Biosplint fiber. Each specimen was tested using a universal test machine at 1.00 mm/min until fracture and the fracture load was recorded. The load angle was 45 degree to the long axis of the teeth, and the load was pointed to the middle of the lingual surface on the buccal cusp. The fracture resistance was analyzed statistically. Results The mean load to cause fracture of the samples in each group group A to E was 1.27 ± 0.41, 0.23 ± 0.17, 0.55 ± 0.31, 0.89 ± 0.40, and 0.98 ± 0.34 kN, respectively, showing significant differences between the groups. Conclusion The fracture resistance of the teeth is reduced after endodontic therapy, but can be increased significantly by restoration with composite resin inlay or light cured composite resin combined with Biosplint fiber.

Objective To evaluate the effect of different restoration methods on fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth. Methods Fifty intact extracted maxillary first premolars were randomly divided into 5 groups. Medial-occlusal cavity models were established in all the test groups (B-E) according to the same standard, followed by treatments with defect exposure only, defect filling with light cured composite resin, indirect resin inlays, or light cured composite resin combined with Biosplint fiber. Each specimen was tested using a universal test machine at 1.00 mm/min until fracture and the fracture load was recorded. The load angle was 45 degree to the long axis of the teeth, and the load was pointed to the middle of the lingual surface on the buccal cusp. The fracture resistance was analyzed statistically. Results The mean load to cause fracture of the samples in each group group A to E was 1.27 ± 0.41, 0.23 ± 0.17, 0.55 ± 0.31, 0.89 ± 0.40, and 0.98 ± 0.34 kN, respectively, showing significant differences between the groups. Conclusion The fracture resistance of the teeth is reduced after endodontic therapy, but can be increased significantly by restoration with composite resin inlay or light cured composite resin combined with Biosplint fiber.

OBJEVTIVETo evaluate the effect of different restoration methods on fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth.

METHODSFifty intact extracted maxillary first premolars were randomly divided into 5 groups. Medial-occlusal cavity models were established in all the test groups (B-E) according to the same standard, followed by treatments with defect exposure only, defect filling with light cured composite resin, indirect resin inlays, or light cured composite resin combined with Biosplint fiber. Each specimen was tested using a universal test machine at 1.00 mm/min until fracture and the fracture load was recorded. The load angle was 45 degree to the long axis of the teeth, and the load was pointed to the middle of the lingual surface on the buccal cusp. The fracture resistance was analyzed statistically.

RESULTSThe mean load to cause fracture of the samples in each group group A to E was 1.27∓0.41, 0.23∓0.17, 0.55∓0.31, 0.89∓0.40, and 0.98∓0.34 kN, respectively, showing significant differences between the groups.

CONCLUSIONThe fracture resistance of the teeth is reduced after endodontic therapy, but can be increased significantly by restoration with composite resin inlay or light cured composite resin combined with Biosplint fiber.

Bicuspid ; physiopathology ; Composite Resins ; chemistry ; Dental Materials ; chemistry ; Dental Restoration, Permanent ; methods ; Dental Stress Analysis ; Humans ; Inlays ; Maxilla ; Tooth Fractures ; physiopathology ; Tooth, Nonvital ; physiopathology ; therapy