Objective To investigate the relationship between the serum concentration of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and the brain damage severity and the prognosis of acute head injuried patients. Methods Early serum levels of NSE were measured in 70 patients with acute head injury by radioimmunoassay. The concentration of NSE was analysed by combining with GCS and GOS systems. Results NSE levels in serum of patients with major(a), minor(b) head injuries and control individuals(c) were (25 78 ? 10 80)ng/ml, (19 58 ? 8 91)ng/ml and (9 51 ? 2 79)ng/ml respectively, differences of which were significant (P a-b

Fecal samples were collected from 81 patients with digestive tract bleeding (including 32 cases of upper digestive tract bleeding, 6 gastric cancer, 34 lower digestive tract ulcer and 9 colorectal cancer) and 40 healthy subjects. Fecal occult blood was detected with hemoglobin and/or transferrin monoclonal immunoassay. The positive rate with hemoglobin immunoassay for upper digestive tract bleeding, gastric cancer, lower digestive tract ulcer and colorectal cancer was 46.9%, 66.7%, 32.3% and 77.8% respectively;the positive rate with transferrin imrnunoassay was 71.9%, 83.3%, 47.1% and 88.9% respectively. When two methods were combined, the positive rate increased to 87.5%, 100%, 55.9% and 100% respectively showing a higher sensitivity.

Objective To analyze the anatomic changes and dosimetric variations of patients with head-and-neck cancer during intensity-modulated radiotherapy and to assess the necessity of re-planning the treatment course.Methods Twenty-one nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients were selected to receive the second CT scan in the course of intensity-modulated radiotherapy,targets and organs at risk were re-contoured on the new CT images with the help of deformable registration software.Actual dose distribution delivered by the original treatment plan was calculated on the second CT image,and then the volume and doses of targets and organs at risk were compared between the planning CT and second CT.Results The volume of patient's head-and-neck outlines and GTVnd decreased significantly,the volume of cord and brainstem didn't change much,while the volume of left and right parotids decreased significantly by (24.23 ± 12.15)％ and (25.82± 10.46)％,respectively.The parameters D95％ and Dmean of PGTVnx kept stable,but the parameters D1cc of spinal cord PRV and brainstem PRV increased by (8.12± 10.32)％ and (14.60±18.85)％ respectively.The mean dose of the left and right parotids increased significantly by (27.43±17.67)％ and (26.76±12.46)％,respectively.Conclusion The anatomical changes of patients undergoing intensity-modulated radiotherapy will cause significant dosimetric variations of the cord,brainstem and parotids,so it's meaningful and necessary to re-design the treatment plan in the course of radiotherapy.Repeat CT imaging and replanning during the course of IMRT is essential to ensure adequate doses to target volumes and safe doses to normal tissue.

Objective To investigate the expression of β-catenin and PCNA,and its relationship with clinical parameters and prognosis.Methods Tissue microarray technology and immunohistochemical method were used to detect the expression of β-catenin and PCNA in gastric carcinoma and normal tissue collected from January 2000 to December 2006.Data were analyzed by SPSS 19.0.Results The percentage of expression of β-catenin and PCNA in gastric carcinoma is 96.7％,99.2％,respectively,and higher than the normal gastric tissue (x2 =41.082,P =0;x2 =97.692,P =0).ROC curve was used to find that PCNA was better than β-catenin to discriminate gastric carcinoma from normal gastric tissue in sensitivity,specificity,coincidence rate(84.4％,87.5％,84.6％).The expression of β-catenin is related to lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer (x2 =6.107,P =0.04).The expression of PCNA is related to pathological type (x2 =9.71,P =0.02).The expression of β-catenin and PCNA in gastric carcinoma were positively correlated (r =0.24,P =0.005).Multivariate analysis showed that TNM staging and both positive β-catenin and PCNA were independent factors impacting on the overall survival rate of patient with gastric cancer.Conclusions The expression of β-catenin and PCNA in gastric carcinoma is signifrcandy high.PCNA is more important than β-catenin in discriminating gastric carcinoma from normal gastric tissue.Combined detection of the two kinds of protein have some clinical significance in predicting the prognosis of patients with early gastric cancer.

Objective To investigate the ultrastructural characteristics of amelanotic melanocytes (AMMCs). Methods Individual hair follicles from normal human scalp were digested with collagenase type V, then washed in phosphate buffer saline. Hair-follicle cell suspensions were prepared by trypsin and cultured in a medium suitable for melanocyte growth. The keratinocytes were removed by differential trypsinization. Geneticin (100?g/mL) was used to eliminate contaminating fibroblasts. After 3 passages the cells were trypsinized, washed in phosphate buffer saline, and finally processed for transmission electron microscopy. Results Under transmission electron microscope, the cultured cells were round or oval-shaped with a single large nucleus and double-layered karyotheca. Abundant euchromosome but sparse heterochromosome was observed within the nucleus. There were various organelles in the cytoplasm, including mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), ribosomes and abundant melanosomes of nearly uniform size. The electronic density granules distributed in a concentric pattern in most of the melanosomes. Colgi complexes were inconspicuous in the cells. Conclusions Compared to epidermal melanocytes, AMMCs from human hair follicles have different ultrastructural characteristics which implies their functional immaturity. AMMCs may serve as the depot for mature melanocytes.

Objective To analyze the impact of dose calculation resolution on Gamma pass rate for planar dose distribution verification of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT),and to find out the appropriate calculation resolution value with specific applied criteria.Methods 25 IMRT plans were selected for the planar dose verification.The Gamma pass rates with 3 mm/3％,2 mm/2％ and 1 mm/1％ criteria were compared and analyzed.The planar dose distributions were calculatedand exported from TPS with different resolutions of 0.5,1,2,3,4 and 5 mm.The pass rates of Gamma analysis between the computed dose distributions with different resolutions and the dose distributions measured by Mapcheck device were compared and analyzed.Results The average Gamma pass rates of all the 225 fields decreased with the increment of calculation resolution.When the pass rates of Gamma analysis were calculated using 3 mm/3％ criteria,the gamma pass rate with 1 mm and 0.5 mm calculation resolution were (98.3±1.3)％ and (98.3±1.2)％,respectively.The results were almost the same and the difference wasn't statistically significant (P＞0.05).The gamma pass rates with greater than or equal to3 mm calculation resolution were significantly less than the pass rate with 0.5 mm calculation resolution (P＜0.05).When the pass rates of Gamma analysis were calculated using 2 mm/2％ criteria,all the pass rates with greater than 0.5 mm calculation resolution were significantly less than the pass rate with 0.5 mm calculation resolution (P＜0.05).Conclusions The Gamma pass rates of planar dose verification reduce significantly with the increment of calculation resolution.In order to reduce the effect of calculation resolution on Gamma pass rate,the lower calculation resolution should be used.When using the 3 mm/3％ criteria for the Gamma analysis,1 mm calculation resolution is recommended.When using the 2 mn/2％ criteria for the Gamma analysis,0.5 mm calculation resolution is recommended.The appropriate calculation resolution will ensure the reliability of planar dose verification.

Objective:To study the effects of combination of parenteral and enteral nutrition in sequence on prognosis of severe craniocerebral injury of geriatric patient.Methods:The method and effects of nutrition support have been studied in 84 cases of severe craniocerebral injury of geriatric patient.The patients of study group were fed by parenteral and enteral nutrition in sequence in early period,and the patients of the control group were nutritionally supported with common method for 6-7 days.Results:Nitrogen cumultive balances,nutitional index of the study group were signficantly better than that of the control group(P

Objective To reconstitute hair follicles in mice using graft chambers,and to study the effect of different cell types on hair follicle regeneration.Methods Full-thickness skin was obtained from the back of C57BL/6 neonatal mice.Then,epidermal cell suspensions were prepared by shredding epidermis after trypsinization,hair follicles and dermal cells were collected by filtration,low-speed centrifugation and density gradient centrifugation,and hair follicle epithelial cells were obtained via trypsinization of hair follicles followed by filtration.Nude mice were classified into four groups to be transplanted with epidermal cells + follicular buds,dermal cells alone,epidermal cells + follicular buds + dermal cells,follicular epithelial cells + dermal cells,respectively.The cells were implanted into the dorsal skin of nude mice using fold chambers.After the grafting,the growth of skin and hairs was observed at the grafted sites on week 1,2,4 and 8,and skin specimens were obtained on week 2,4,and 8 for histological study of hair follicles using hematoxylin-eosin staining.Results After grafting,the chambers on the back of nude mice began to shed with crust formation on week 1; stunted hairs came out and follicle-like structures were seen under the microscope on week 2 at the grafted sites,normal hairs were observed on week 4 and 8 in all the mice except for those transplanted with epidermal cells + follicular buds,and the growth of hairs in mice grafted with epidermal cells + follicular buds + dermal cells and mice grafted with follicular epithelial cells +dermal cells was superior to that in mice grafted with dermal cells alone.Conclusions Hair follicles can regenerate after hair follicle cell transplantation into dorsal chambers in nude mice.Both epidermal cells and dermal cells play indispensable roles in hair follicle reconstitution.

Laparoscopic curative gastrectomy has been widely adopted because it is minimal invasiveness.The efficacy of laparoscopic gastrectomy is comparable to that of open gastrectomy for patients with early or advanced gastric cancer,but few studies of laparoscopic total gastrectomy combined with distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy for patients with advanced gastric cancer have been reported.Seven patients with advanced gastric cancer received laparoscopic total gastrectomy combined with distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy at the First Hospital of Jilin University from September 2010 to September 2011.The mean operation time,blood loss,postoperative hospital stay and the nunber of lymph nodes resected were (218 ± 24) minutes,(366 ± 174) ml,( 14.6 ± 2.8 ) days and 32 ± 15,respectively.Two patients were complicated by pancreatic juice leakage and were cured with drainage. No anastomotic leakage,abdominal bleeding or mortality was observed. With the development of techniques and equipments,laparoscopic total gastrectony combined with distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy is safe and feasible in selected patients.

Different degrees of HCV re-infection exist in patients with hepatitis C after liver transplantation. Its pathogenesis is different according to different phases of the disease. Factors affecting its recurrence include HCV gene type, viral load, HLA matching between donor and recipient, time of recurrence, donor's age and so on, in which the application of immunosuppressants is the most important influencing factor. The virological response can be used to evaluate the effects of treatment. Now, it is widely accepted that the best choice and therapeutic plan is Pegy interferon alfa-2a/2b combined with Ribavirin.