Objective To observe the change of housefly (Musca domestica) breeding in the pig manure treated ecologically with its larvae. Methods The number of eggs and the hatching rate of larvae in the treated manure were compared with that in the untreated manure. Results The number of eggs laid in the treated manure accounted for only 17^7% of the total eggs, while those in the untreated manure accounted for 82^3%. The hatching rate in the treated manure was 41^4%, but 85^1% in the untreated manure. Conclusion There is a significant reduction of eggs laid and of their hatching rate in the pig manure treated ecologically by housefly larvae.

Objective:To investigate the expression of Plk1 ( Polo-like kinase 1 ) and Chk1/2 ( Checkpoint kinase 1/2 ) in primary hepatic carcinoma tissue and HepG2 cell. Methods: Using immunohistochemistry chemical method detected expression of Plk1,Chk1/2 protein in 40 cases of primary hepatic carcinoma tissue and 16 cases of non-tumor tissue of liver. Western blot was applied to detect the expression of Plk1 and Chk1/2 protein in HepG2 cells, and gray value was measured by using the quantitative analysis. Results:The positive rate of Plk1,Chk1/2 protein expression in primary hepatic carcinoma was 57. 5%,75. 0% and 22. 5%respectively,compared with positive rate in the liver of non-tumor tissue were 0%,25. 0% and 56. 3%. The expression of Plk1 and Chk1 protein in primary hepatic carcinoma tissue is higher than that in non-tumor tissue of liver,and the difference was statistically sig-nificant( P<0. 05 ) . The expression of Chk2 in primary hepatic carcinoma was lower than that in hepatic non-tumor tissue, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0. 05) too. The expression of Plk1,Chk1/2 protein were detected in HepG2 cells and the relative expression rate of Plk1,Chk1/2 protein were 0.39±0.0226,0.08±0.0249 and 0.01±0.0066 respectively,the difference between them was statistically significant. The expression degree was Plk1>Chk1>Chk2. Conclusion: Plk1,Chk1 protein in primary hepatic carcinoma was up-regulated,while Chk2 protein was down-regulated in these tissues. The expression degree was Plk1> Chk1>Chk2. There were relatively selective expression in primary hepatic carcinoma tissue of Plk1,Chk1 protein,then Plk1 and Chk1 might be ideal targets for therapy of primary hepatic carcinoma.

Aim To investigate whether ulinastatin has a beneficial effect on lipopolysaccharide( LPS) induced acute respiratory distress syndrome ( ARDS ) in rats, and to explore the possible underlying mechanisms. Methods Fifty-six Wistar rats were randomly as-signed into control group, model group( LPS 6,12,24 h groups), ulinastatin group(UTI 6,12,24 h groups), with 8 in each group. ARDS rat model was reproduced by intraperitoneal injection of LPS ( 10 mg · kg-1 ) , The rats in UTI groups were injected ulinastatin (20 000 u·kg-1), The rats in the control group re-ceived an equal volume of normal saline at the same time, rats in each group were sacrificed at 6,12,24 hours after LPS challenge. Plasma and lung tissue sam-ples were collected, Histopathological evaluation, lung wet/dry (W/D) ratio, Tumor necrosis factor-a(TNF-α) , Interleukin-18 ( IL-18 ) , surfactant protein A ( SPA) , malondialdehyde ( MDA ) , nitric oxide ( NO ) and superoxide dismutase( SOD) were analyzed. Immu-nohistochemical method was performed to detect the protein expression of p38MAPK and ERK. Western blot method was used to detect lung phosphorylated p38 MAPK ( p-p38 MAPK ) and pERK protein expres-sion changes. Result In the control groups, lung tis-sue showed a normal structure and clear pulmonary al-veoli under a light microscope. In the model group, ARDS characters such as extensive thickening of the alveolar wall, significant infiltration of inflammatory cells, demolished structure of pulmonary alveoli, and hemorrhage were found. In the all UTI treatment groups, these pathological changes in lung were markedly alleviated compared with those of LPS-in-duced ARDS group. Compared with control groups, lung W/D ratio, tumor necrosis factor-a ( TNF-α) , in-terleukin-18 ( IL-18 ) and surfactant protein A ( SPA ) in plasma ,and lung MDA,NO levels in lung homogenates in the LPS group were increased significantly, while the lung SOD levels in the LPS group were decreased. Compared with the LPS group, lung W/D ratio, TNF-aIL-18 and ( SPAin plasma , and lung MDA levels in lung homogenates in the UTI groups were decreased significantly, while the lung SOD levels in the UTI groups were increased. Immunohistochemistry showed that positive expressions of p38 MAPK and ERK in cy-toplasm and nucleus in the ulinastatin treatment groups were significantly lower than those in the model group. Western blot showed that compared with the control group, the p-p38MAPK and pERK protein expression in LPS group were significantly increased, and the uli-nastatin could inhibit the protein expressions compared with model group. Conclusion Ulinastatin can signifi-cantly ameliorate the lung injury induced by LPS in rats via the intervention of p38 MAPK and ERK signa-ling pathway and reducing inflammation and antioxidant effect.

A new compound and twelve known compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the roots of Homonoia riparia Lour, which are used in folk medicine for treatment of hepatitis, bellyache and scald, by the method of silica gel column chromatography repeatedly with a gradient of PE-EtOAc, PE-Me2CO, CHCl3-Me2CO, CHCl3-MeOH. Their structures were identified as a new compound 1-oxo-aleuritolic acid (1), and twelve known compounds aleuritolic acid (2), 3-acetoxy-aleuritolic acid (3), taraxerone (4), taraxerol (5), methyl 3-acetoxy-12-oleanen-28-oate (6), 3-acetoxy-12-oleanen-28-ol (7), ursolic acid (8), lupenol (9), 3β-acetoxy-lupenol (10), cleomiscosin A (11), chrysophanol (12), and gallic acid (13), which were obtained from this plant for the first time, by the spectroscopic techniques of NMR, HMBC, IR and MS, separately. Among the cytotoxicities evaluation of compounds 1-3 towards AGZY 83-a (human lung cancer cells) and SMMC-7721 (human liver cancer cells) tumor cells was assayed by MTT methods with cis-dichlorodiamminoplatinum (DDP) used as positive control. Compound 2 exerted weak activity against AGZY 83-a with the IC50 value of 33.055 μg·mL-1, while 1 and 3 showed no activity to these two cell lines.

Objective By means of analyzing the antihypertensive use of hypertension patients of Guiyang in 2013 and impact factors for basic drug use,to evaluate the impacts of the essential medicines list in place in Guiyang to hypertension patients in communities in Guiyang.Methods 969 hypertension patients were surveyed with structured questionnaire of stratified random sampling at 6 community health centers in Guiyang city.Results Hypertension patients in communities averaged 1.4 types of antihypertensive,and the essential medicines used accounted for 39.8％of all the antihypertensive.The distribution differences of the ratio of essential medicines use are significant interms of age,gender,and household annual income.Use ratio of non-essential medicines of the 55～64 age group and 65～74 age group are 3.48 times and 0.47 times over that of the 75 and above age group.For hypertension patients of low income and medium income,their probable use of non-essential medicines is 2.05 and 2.87 times that of high income households.Conclusion As the use ratio of hypertension patients in Guiyang is relatively low,and the factors for it are age and household income,focused intervention is recommended for the 65～74 age group and low-income households,for the purpose of high use ratio of essential medicines of such people.

Objective: To understand the current situation of breakfast consumption and its influencing factors in primary and middle school students in a poor rural area in a city in Guizhou Province, and to provide scientific basis for child nutrition education and intervention. Methods: A stratified cluster sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey of breakfast behavior and influencing factors among 2 833 students from 3 primary schools and 3 middle schools in a area of Guizhou Province from April to June 2019. Results: The most frequently consumed breakfast was rice noodle products(71.66%), followed by fresh vegetables(45.89%), milk(35.55%), meat/egg/fish(29.33%), beans(19.52%), and fresh fruits(18.74%). The proportion of having breakfast everyday among elementary and middle school students who was 62.97%, and having breakfast 4-6 days peer week was 22.80%, and 14.23% with ≤3 days peer week, and the proportion of boys who ate breakfast every day(65.07%) was higher than girls(61.00%)(χ2=10.01, P<0.05). The proportion of low quality breakfast was 71.87%, and girls(73.68%) were higher than boys(69.94%)(χ2=9.29, P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that grade of school, boarding school, and sleep quality are all influencing factors for whether to eat breakfast every day; grade of school, whether to stay at school were factors that affect breakfast quality(P<0.05). Conclusion The frequency and quality of breakfast need more improvement among middle and primary school students in a poor rural area of a city in Guizhou Province. Students, parents, and teachers should be educated on nutrition to promote healthy eating and sleeping habits and improve student health.

Objective:To observe the effect of nocturnal nutritional support on the improvement of nutritional status and liver function in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis.Methods:A total of 60 patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis who were treated at the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from April 2011 to August 2018 were selected, and they were divided into nutritional intervention group and control group according to the random digital table method, with 30 cases in each group.The two groups were given basic medical treatment, and the nutritional intervention group was given basic treatment plus 30g of complex functional nutrients, once per night, for 12 weeks.The changes of liver function and nutritional status of the two groups were observed every 4 weeks, and the occurrence of complications was recorded.Results:Before intervention, the ALB, PA, TBIL, body mass index, triceps cutaneous fold thickness and grip strength had no statistically significant differences between the two groups(all P>0.05). After 12 weeks of intervention, the albumin [(32.61±1.78) g/L], pre-albumin [(116.65±11.92) g/L], total bilirubin [(36.6±5.86)μmol/L], body mass index [(22.23±2.92) kg/m 2], skinfold [(17.34±1.31) mm], the grip strength [(23.36±2.44)kg] in the intervention group were superior to the control group[(30.38±1.58)g/L, (101.22±7.76)g/L, (47.75±4.83)μmol/L, (21.07±2.11)kg/m 2, (16.07±1.40)mm, (20.01±2.70)kg], the differences were statistically significant between the two groups( t=4.946, 5.105, 5.881, 2.407, 2.272, 3.805, all P<0.05). The incidence of the complications in the intervention group was 10%(3/30), which in the control group was 33%(10/30), the difference was statistically significant between the two groups(χ 2=4.381, P=0.033). Conclusion:Providing nutritional support at night can improve the nutritional status of patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis, promote the repair of liver function, and reduce the incidence of complications.

Objective: To examine the association of pre-pregnancy body mass and weight gain during pregnancy with macrosomia. Methods: From January 2015 to December 2015, a total of 20 477 pregnant women were recruited by probabilistic proportional scale sampling with simple randomization in Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou Provinces. Basic information of pregnant women, weight gain during pregnancy and weight of newborn were collected. A multiple logistic regression model was used to assess the association between the pre-pregnancy body mass and gestational weight gain indicators with macrosomia. Results: 20 321 mother-infant were included in the final analysis. 20 321 pregnant women were (30.09±4.10) years old and delivered at (39.20±1.29) weeks, among which 12 341 (60.73%) cases were cesarean delivery. The birth weight of 20 321 infants were (3 292.26±431.67) grams, and 970 (4.77%) were macrosomia. The multiple logistic regression model showed that after adjusting for the age of women, compared to the normal weight group in the pre-pregnancy, the overweight and obesity group elevated the risk of macrosomia, with OR (95%CI) about 1.99 (95%CI: 1.69−2.35) and 4.05 (95%CI: 3.05−5.39), respectively. After adjusting for the age, the pre-pregnancy BMI, delivery weeks, delivery mode and infant′s gender, compared to the weight-gain appropriate group, higher weight gain rate in the mid-pregnancy and excessive total gestational weight gain elevated the risk of macrosomia, with OR (95%CI) about 1.99 (95%CI: 1.66−2.39) and 1.80 (95%CI: 1.55−2.08), respectively. Conclusion The overweight before pregnancy, obesity before pregnancy, the rate of weight gain in the second trimester and the high total weight gain during pregnancy could increase the risk of macrosomia.