The injection of antigen into the anterior chamber of the eye results in a unusual pattern of systemic immune responses termed anterior chamber associated immune deviation(ACAID). This study was done to investigate the in vitro effect of bovine aqueous humor(BAR) on the proliferation response of murine spleen and thymus to mitogens, to determine in vivo effects of BAR on delayed-type hypersensitivity and hemagglutinin response to sheep red blood cells, and to examine contact hypersensitivity to dinitrofluorobenzene(DNFB). Also, the effect on in vivo exposure to BAH on the production of IL-2 and IL-6 of murine lymphocyte was investigated. As a result, various concentration of BAR inhibited or enhanced the proliferation response of mouse splenocytes to mitogens. BAR injection significantly enhanced 'Arthus reaction to SRBC, but failed to change DTR reaction to SRBC. Interestingly, however, BAR profoundly inhibited contact hypersensitivity to DNFB and HA response. BAR inhibited both IL-2 and IL-6 production of murine spleen and thymus cells. Taken together, these results suggest that BAR contains soluble factor(s) that can suppress or enhance immune response, depending on experimental conditions and that immunomodulatory activity of BAR is not species-specific.
Animals ; Anterior Chamber ; Aqueous Humor* ; Dermatitis, Contact ; Dinitrofluorobenzene ; Erythrocytes ; Hemagglutinins ; Hypersensitivity ; Interleukin-2* ; Interleukin-6* ; Lymphocytes ; Mice* ; Mitogens ; Sheep ; Spleen ; Thymus Gland

Crouzon's disease is a peculiar type of craniosynostosis which is premature closure of the suture, and deformities of craniofacial bone. Such a many deformities are caused by continuing brain growth unrelated to damaged bone growth. The authors presented a case of Crouzon's disease in a 4-year old male patient who has characteristic clinical findings with particular sensory neural type hearing loss and generalized seizure.
Bone Development ; Brain ; Child, Preschool ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Craniofacial Dysostosis* ; Craniosynostoses ; Hearing Loss ; Humans ; Male ; Seizures ; Sutures

OBJECTIVES: Because shipyard workers are involved with various manufacturing process, they are exposed to many kinds of hazardous materials. Welders especially, are exposed to bisphenol-A (BPA) during the welding and flame cutting of coated steel. This study was conducted to assess the exposure status of the endocrine disruptor based on the job-exposure matrix. The effects of the genetic polymorphism of xenobiotic enzyme metabolisms involved in the metabolism of BPA on the levels of urinary metabolite were investigated. METHODS: The study population was recruited from a shipyard company in the K province. A total of 84 shipbuilding workers 47 and 37 in the exposed and control groups, respectively, were recruited for this study. The questionnaire variables included, age, sex, use of personal protective equipment, smoking, drinking and work duration. The urinary metabolite was collected in the afternoon and correction made for the urinary creatinine concentration. The of the CYP1A1, CYP2E1 and UGT1A6 genotypes were investigated using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods with the DNA extracted from venous blood. RESULTS: The urinary BPA level in the welders group was significantly higher than in the control group (p< 0.05). The urinary BPA concentration with the wild type UGT1A6 was higher than the other UGT1A6 genotypes, but with no statistical significant. From themultiple regression analysis of the urinary BPA, the regression coefficient for job grade was statistically significant (p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The grade of exposure to BPA affected the urinary BPA concentration was statistically significant. However, the genetic polymorphisms of xenobiotics enzyme metabolism were not statistically significant. Further investigation of the genetic polymorphisms with a larger sample size is needed.
Biomarkers* ; Creatinine ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 ; DNA ; Drinking ; Genotype ; Hazardous Substances ; Metabolism ; Personal Protective Equipment ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Sample Size ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Steel ; Welding ; Xenobiotics