PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the experience of falls, the fear of falling and fall efficacy and identify the predictors of falls in the elderly at senior citizens' centers. METHOD: The subjects of this study were 106 elders who used senior citizens' centers in Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea. Data were collected from May to June, 2006 through a survey using a structured questionnaire. RESULT: Of the elderly sampled, 35.8% experienced falls during the last 1 year. Of falls experienced by the elderly, 53% occurred indoors, 47% outdoors, 15.8% in the bathroom or toilet. In addition, 57.8% of the elderly had injuries on the hip and waist related with falls. The fear of falling was higher in those with experience in falls than in those without. Factors affecting the elders' falls were age (OR=1.113, 95% CI=1.012-1.224), the number of chronic disease (OR=2.342, 95% CI=1.365-4.019) and the fear of falling (OR=4.279, 95% CI=1.901-9.634). The predictor of the frequency of falls was fall efficacy (R2=24.9). CONCLUSION: As a result, it is essential to develop fall prevention programs based on the fear of falling, fall efficacy, chronic diseases and medication state. And in senior citizens' centers, fall prevention safety education should be activated as a health promotion program.
Aged* ; Chronic Disease ; Chungcheongbuk-do ; Education ; Health Promotion ; Hip ; Humans ; Korea ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the factors associated with fear of falling among the elderly dwelling in rural communities. METHODS: From February 1, 2010 to March 31, 2010, a questionnaire-based survey was sent to 2,628 persons 65 years or older dwelling in 1 Myeon and 1 Eup of Gyeongsangnam-do. Among these participants, 735 (27.9%) had fallen more than once in 2009. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and hierarchical multiple regression were performed using SPSS version 12.0. RESULTS: Factors influencing the fear of falling in the elderly according to falls experienced were number of outpatient visits, number of falls, gender, admission, purchasing of health function foods, and activities of daily living. Overall, the study showed significant differences in the score of fear of falling according to gender, age, education, marital status, living arrangement, main means of mobilization, drinking, income, number of falls, admission, number of outpatient visits, experience with outpatient oriental medicine, purchasing of health function foods, medical assistance devices, season, fall location, fall cause, shoe type, injury type, limitation of activity, and activities of daily living. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that programs should be developed specifically for elderly people who have experienced more than one fall because of increased fear due to multiple falls.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aged ; Drinking ; Humans ; Marital Status ; Medical Assistance ; Medicine, East Asian Traditional ; Outpatients ; Residence Characteristics ; Rural Population ; Seasons ; Shoes ; Statistics as Topic

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between metabolic syndrome and periodontal disease in Korean adults. Methods: This study analyzed the screening data of 12,686 adults aged ≥19 years, including demographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, and each component of metabolic syndrome, obtained from the sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database. Periodontal health status was measured by the community periodontal index. Subjects with three or more risk factors were considered as having metabolic syndrome. The Rao–Scott chi-square test was performed to assess the relationships between demographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, components of metabolic syndrome, and periodontal disease. Logistic regression analysis was performed based on the complex sample to evaluate the relationship between metabolic syndrome and periodontal disease. Results: The prevalence of periodontal disease was higher among the subjects with advancing age, lower average household income and education level, those working in production, residents of eup-myeon areas, in past or current smoker, those with excessive alcohol consumption habit in a week, and reduced brushing frequency and the use of oral care products (p＜0.001).Each component of metabolic syndrome was associated with higher prevalence of periodontitis in the subjects with abnormal than in those with normal levels (p＜0.001). The prevalence of periodontal disease in subjects with metabolic syndrome was approximately 1.443 times higher than that in normal subjects (odds ratio,1.443; p＜0.001). Conclusion This study confirmed the association between metabolic syndrome and periodontitis in Korean adults, and further studies will be needed to determine the causal relationship between the two conditions.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to confirm the efficacy of the urinary fluoride concentration/creatinine ratio for monitoring fluorine intake in fluoridated and non-fluoridated communities. METHODS: The correlations among the fluoride concentration in drinking water and that in the urine and fingernails of 52 preschool children (age, 60-72 months) from fluoridated and non-fluoridated communities were analyzed. RESULTS: The urinary fluoride concentration/creatinine ratio had a relatively high correlation with the fluoride concentration in drinking water (Pearson's correlation coefficient, 0.606; P<0.05). Further, this ratio was significantly positively correlated with the urinary fluoride concentration (Pearson's correlation coefficient, 0.374; P<0.01). However, there was no significant correlation between this ratio and the fluoride concentration in fingernails (Pearson's correlation coefficient, 0.145; P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that the urinary fluoride concentration/creatinine ratio in children can be utilized as an index for monitoring excess fluoride intake in fluoridated communities.
Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drinking ; Drinking Water ; Fluoridation ; Fluorides ; Fluorine ; Humans ; Nails

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate abrasion of Icon(R) infiltrated, sound bovine enamel by using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) after toothbrush abrasion tests. METHODS: Sound bovine enamel specimens whose Vickers Hardness Number ranged from 280 to 320 were prepared. To measure abrasion, specimens were allocated to groups on the basis of tooth brushing stroke frequencies. Tooth brushing stroke frequencies were categorized into 5 groups: 1,800, 5,400, 10,800, 21,600 and 43,200 strokes. Both infiltration depth of Icon(R) and the abrasion depth were measured by CLSM. RESULTS: Mean infiltration depth of Icon(R) for sound bovine enamel was 98.6 microm. There was no statistically significant difference in enamel abrasion depth between groups with 5,400 strokes and 10,800 strokes, but the abrasion depth increased with further increase in tooth brushing stroke frequencies (P<0.001). The mean abrasion depth of resin infiltrated bovine enamel after 43,200 tooth brushing strokes was 17.45 microm. CONCLUSIONS: The magnitude of abrasion after 43,200 tooth brushing strokes, which corresponds to brushing 3 times a day for 4 years, was less than 20 microm. This result suggests that abrasion by tooth brushing would not be a clinical problem for resin infiltrated enamel.
Dental Caries ; Dental Enamel ; Hardness ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Stroke ; Tooth

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to construct and test a structural equation modeling on burnout of clinical nurses based on CS-CF model. METHODS: A survey using a structured questionnaire was conducted with 557 clinical nurses. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. RESULTS: The modified hypothetical model yielded the following chi2=289.70, p<.001, RMSEA=.09, GFI=.93, TLI=.91, CFI=.94, PCFI=.65, AIC=363.21, SRMR=.05 or less and showed good fit indices. Nursing work environment, patient safety culture and resilience showed indirect effects on burnout while compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction had direct effects. CONCLUSION: Results of this study suggest that compassion fatigue must be decreased and compassion satisfaction has to be increased, while burnout is lowered by enhancing the clinical nursing work environment, patient safety culture and resilience. In addition, more variables and longitudinal studies are necessary to validate the clear cause-and-effect relationship between the relevant variables.
Adult ; *Burnout, Professional ; Empathy ; Fatigue ; Female ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Male ; *Models, Theoretical ; Nursing Staff, Hospital/*psychology ; Questionnaires ; Resilience, Psychological ; Workplace

Natto, Traditional Japanese food fermented by Bacillus Natto, has been well known for a good nutritional food. However it has particular flavor, so most Koreans are not fond of it. That is the reason why, garlic(2%) and ginseng(2%) were added to make Natto, acceptable to Koreans. General soybean Natto(S1), 2% garlic Natto(S2), 2% ginseng Natto(S3) and blacksoybean Natto(S4) were prepared. The proximate composition revealed the most moisture content in S2 among the all samples. The most crude protein, crude fat and ash were found in S4. The non-fibrous and fiber contents were the most in S1 and S3. In the texture characteristics, hardness and gumminess were the highest in S4. The highest springness and cohesiveness were found in S1. Adhesiveness and chewing were the best in S2 and S3. The minerals composition revealed the most calcium content in S3 among the all samples. Fatty acid compositions were mainly consisted of linoleic acid(46.91~48.47%). In the sensory evaluation, S3 showed the best preference, appearance and color. In the aspects of taste and texture, S4 was mostly preferred. Flavor and viscosity of S2 were the best among the all samples. The general soybean Natto(S1) without any addition showed low values in most examinations and tests. In the sensory evaluation, S3 has the best overall acceptability among the all experimental Nattos.
Adhesiveness ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Bacillus ; Calcium ; Garlic ; Hardness ; Humans ; Mastication ; Minerals ; Panax ; Soy Foods* ; Soybeans ; Viscosity

Background: Shoulder arthroplasty is technically demanding and relies heavily on the precision of surgical techniques. Proper glenoid component sizing plays a crucial role in successful shoulder arthroplasty. We measured the size and penetrative depth of the glenoid for peg or screw fixation in nonarthritic and degenerative arthritic shoulders by using three-dimensional computed tomography to determine the reference dimensions of the glenoid in nonarthritic and degenerative arthritic shoulders. Methods: From January 2010 to January 2011, data on two groups of patients were collected and reviewed. Group 1 comprised 38 patients who underwent surgical treatment due to fracture of the proximal humerus and who had no evidence of a pathological glenoid. Group 2 comprised 14 patients who underwent surgical treatment due to osteoarthritis of the glenohumeral joint. The height (maximal superoinferior diameter) of the glenoid was measured, and the width (anteroposterior [AP] diameter) of the glenoid was measured at five different levels (H1–H5). Axial images were taken at H1–H5 levels, the AP glenoid diameter of each was divided into eight areas, and division points were labeled as W1–W7. The penetrative depths between the near cortex and far cortex of the glenoid (thickness) at each point (W1–W7) were measured. Results: The overall mean glenoid height was 37.67 ± 4.09 mm in nonarthritic glenoids and 39.42 ± 3.54 mm in degenerative arthritic glenoids. The nonarthritic glenoid was significantly thicker than the degenerative arthritic glenoid at the H1W3, H1W4, H1W5, H2W7, H3W1, H3W6, H3W7, H4W5, H4W6, H4W7, H5W4, H5W5, H5W6, and H5W7 points. The posteroinferior quadrant had the smallest penetrative depth in both nonarthritic and degenerative arthritic glenoids. Also, the degenerative arthritic glenoids were significantly thinner than the nonarthritic glenoids along the posterior and inferior parts of the glenoid. Conclusions The posterior and inferior parts of the degenerative arthritic glenoid appears thinner than the nonarthritic glenoid. Thus, caution has to be taken when drilling the screw hole or inserting screws into the posteroinferior parts, where the glenoid is thinner than 15 mm on average, to avoid penetration of the far cortex.

PURPOSE: We aimed to investigate the safety zone for Achilles tendon insertion in the posterior aspect of the calcaneus via the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) when planning for insertional Achilles tendinopathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 95 patients. The MRI of midsagittal plane of the ankle joint was used to measure the proximal and distal insertion point for the Achilles tendon in the posterior aspect of the calcaneus. Patients were divided into three groups according to the proportion of the distal insertion point out of the entire calcaneal length: the proximal, middle, and distal insertion groups. RESULTS: The mean proximal and distal insertion points for the Achilles tendon were measured as 1.05 cm (0~2.11 cm) and 2.36 cm (1.60~2.93 cm), respectively. When the posterior aspect of the calcaneus was used as the reference plane, none of the patients was in the proximal insertion group, while 75 and 20 patients were in the middle and distal insertion groups, respectively. The insertion portion was longer in the distal insertion group (1.47±0.25 cm) than in the middle insertion group (1.27±0.35 cm). Statistically significant differences with respect to the length of the insertion portion were observed between the two groups (p=0.008). CONCLUSION: Removal of more than 1 cm below the superior margin of the posterior calcaneus may be dangerous. An MRI study on the Achilles tendon of patients without hindfoot deformity or tendinopathy revealed various insertional characteristics. Preoperative MRI evaluation is safer than relying solely on the simple radiological assessment when planning for insertional Achilles tendinopathy.
Achilles Tendon* ; Adult* ; Ankle Joint ; Calcaneus* ; Congenital Abnormalities* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Tendinopathy

BACKGROUND: Respiratory tract infections are major public health threats, and the identification of their causative microbes helps clinicians to initiate timely and appropriate antimicrobial therapy and prevent the secondary spread of infection. The main goal of this study was to compare two multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays used to detect respiratory viral pathogens in nasopharyngeal swab specimens. METHODS: Between September and October 2017, a total of 84 nasopharyngeal specimens were obtained consecutively from patients in a tertiary hospital using a flocked swab with 3 mL universal transport medium (COPAN Diagnostics, USA). A total of 64 positive and 20 negative sample results from the LG AdvanSure RV real-time RT-PCR kit (LG Life Sciences, Korea) were further retested using a new AdvanSure RV-plus a real-time RT-PCR kit to compare their performance. RESULTS: Statistical analysis of positive and negative agreement between the two different kits was conducted between the newly introduced AdvanSure RV-plus real-time RT-PCR kit and the AdvanSure RV real-time RT-PCR. The overall agreement was 96.4%, with positive agreement of 98.4% and negative agreement of 90%. The evaluated sensitivity and specificity of AdvanSure RV-plus real-time RT-PCR were 96.9% and 94.7%, respectively, with a kappa value of 0.9 (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: The performances of LG AdvanSure RV real-time RT-PCR and the new AdvanSure RV-plus real-time RT-PCR kit showed strong overall agreement. AdvanSure RV-plus real-time RT-PCR had a better detection rate and could detect coronavirus 229E and enterovirus, especially with a high detection rate in coinfection. AdvanSure RV-plus real-time RT-PCR can be considered a useful tool for respiratory virus diagnosis in clinical laboratories.
Biological Science Disciplines ; Coinfection ; Coronavirus ; Diagnosis ; Enterovirus ; Humans ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Pneumonia ; Public Health ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tertiary Care Centers