Although studies on malrotation of the humerus possibly leading to dysfunction of the shoulder have been reported, studies on its causes are inadequate. The authors encountered a patient complaining of malrotation accompanied by dysfunction of the shoulder which occurred during treatment of a distal humeral fracture. The patient recovered the shoulder function by only correcting malrotation of the humerus without direct treatment on the shoulder, and we report it herein with a review of the literature.
Humans ; Humeral Fractures ; Humerus* ; Shoulder*

Purpose: Long-term tracheal stent placement can increase the risk of stent-related complications; hence, removal of the stent after stabilization is attempted. However, little evidence has been established regarding the risk factors for tracheal restenosis. We aimed to identify the risk factors for tracheal restenosis in patients with post-intubation tracheal stenosis (PITS) and post-tracheostomy tracheal stenosis (PTTS). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients with PITS and PTTS between January 2004 and December 2019. Patients were classified into a success or failure group according to treatment outcomes. Patients with successful stent removal were defined as patients who did not require additional intervention after stent removal during the follow-up period. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with tracheal restenosis. Results: Among 269 stented patients, 130 patients who had removed the stent were enrolled in this study. During the follow-up period, 73 (56.2%) patients had a stable clinical course; however, 57 (43.8%) patients had restenosis. The proportion of trauma-induced intubation was higher in the success group than in the failure group (p=0.026), and the median stent length was shorter in the success group (45 mm) than in the failure group (50 mm, p=0.001). On multivariate analysis, trauma-induced intubation [adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 0.329; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.117–0.927; p=0.036], and stent length <50 mm (aOR, 0.274; 95% CI, 0.130–0.578; p=0.001) were associated with a decreased risk of restenosis. Conclusion Trauma-induced intubation and stent length were associated with successful stent removal.