Purpose: This study aimed to develop and test a reward scale for hospital nurses. Methods: The initial items were identified through a literature review and focus group interviews with ten hospital nurses. The content validity of the items was evaluated by ten experts. Fifty-one items were derived from the pilot survey. Four hundred eighty-eight nurses participated in the study: 248 for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and 240 confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Data were analyzed using item analysis, EFA, CFA, convergent validity, known-group validity, and internal consistency using IBM SPSS Statistics 29.0 and IBM SPSS AMOS 29.0. Results: The final scale consisted of 31 items and eight factors (decent wage, opportunity to grow and develop, support for special situations, various benefits, flexibility of work, job-related achievement, reflecting career and performance, and recognition), which explained 67.3% of the total variance. The eight-subscale model was validated by CFA. Convergent validity was evaluated by analyzing correlation with intention to leave (r = - .63, p < .001) and job satisfaction (r = .54, p < .001). The known-group validity was evaluated by comparing the reward scales according to age, clinical career, income level and hospital type. The scale was found to be reliable with a Cronbach’s α of .89. Conclusion Both the validity and reliability of the reward scale for hospital nurses are verified, which can enhance the understanding of the range of rewards and may assist nurse managers in establishing an effective reward system.

The issues concerning the disability evaluating system in Korea are controversial to say the least. Evaluating systems are so complicated that they continually cause confusion to medical examiners even though they must evaluate patient's medical status accurately, objectively and reasonably to provide adequate compensation for patients. However, controlling associations or educating curricula for disability evaluation are not in place. This study investigates the impending problems of disability evaluation in Korea and discussed what should be done to improve the situations. Social environments, evaluating standards, examiners' capability and education are reviewed in an effort to present an adequate proposals to Korean medical examiners.
Compensation and Redress ; Coroners and Medical Examiners ; Curriculum ; Disability Evaluation ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Korea ; Mitochondrial Diseases ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Social Environment

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to determine the impact of abuse experience and coping styles on suicidal ideation in Korean elders. METHODS: Data were collected from the 2011 Korean National Survey on the Elderly. The participants were 10,537 elders aged 65 or older who had replied to the question on suicidal ideation. Socio-demographic and health related factors, abuse experience, and coping style were included as the influence factors of suicidal ideation. Data were analyzed using x2-test and logistic stepwise regression with the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. RESULTS: The prevalence of abuse experience among the elders was 12.7% and that of suicidal ideation was 11.2%. Elders with abuse experience (OR=2.79, 95% CI=2.39~3.26) were more likely to have suicidal ideation but those with an active coping style (OR=0.69, 95% CI=0.57~0.84) were less likely to have suicidal ideation even with other influence factors controlled. CONCLUSION: Abuse experience of the elderly was a major risk factor that increased suicidal ideation, and active coping style was a protective factor that reduced suicidal ideation. These findings show that careful attention to elderly abuse and education for active coping style are necessary to reduce suicidal ideation among the elderly.
Aged* ; Education ; Elder Abuse ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Suicidal Ideation*

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of self-efficacy promoting pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS: thirty six patients, with clinically stable COPD were randomly assigned: 18 to a rehabilitation group and another 18 as a control group, The subjects participated in a the self-efficacy promoting pulmonary rehabilitation program for 8 weeks. This program consisted of education, breathing retraining, exercise training, relaxation and counseling. The control group received education only. The outcome variables were self-efficacy, dyspnea, exercise endurance, pulmonary function, and quality of life. Dyspnea was measured using the modified Borg scale. Exercise endurance was measured by the six minute walking distance. The quality of life was measured by the quality of life index for pulmonary disease patients. RESULTS: In the rehabilitation group after performing the self-efficacy promoting pulmonary rehabilitation program, the self-efficacy score, exercise endurance, and quality of life score were higher than the control group (p=0.007, p=0.038, and p=0.039, respectively). and the exertional dyspnea score was significantly lower than controls(p=0.045). However, the dyspnea score and FEV1 were similar after performing the self-efficacy promoting pulmonary rehabilitation program. CONCLUSION: The self-efficacy promoting pulmonary rehabilitation program is effective to in improve self-efficacy, exertional dyspnea, exercise endurance and quality of life in patients with COPD.
Counseling ; Dyspnea ; Education ; Humans ; Lung Diseases ; Outpatients* ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive* ; Quality of Life ; Rehabilitation* ; Relaxation ; Respiration ; Walking

PURPOSE: This study is a descriptive research in which the pathological syndromes of the schizophrenic patients in the community mental health centers, the degrees of the insights, and the correlations between them were examined. METHOD: The subjects included 114 SPR pt. people who were enrolled in community mental health centers located in D City. The research was conducted during the period from Aug. 1st, 2002 to Jul. 30th, 2004. The instruments were PANSS developed by Kay(1987) and SUMD developed by Amador(1993). RESULTS: Among the pathological syndromes, positives ones were 12.64+/-3.80 on the average, negative ones were 32.00+/- 5.36, and general pathological syndromes were 30.50+/-6.24. In the evaluation of the insights, the mean score was 11.81+/-5.09. There were some significant correlations between positive syndromes and general pathological ones (r=.572, p=.000), and negative syndromes and general pathological ones(r=.262, p=.029), while there was no significant correlation between the insights and the sub-measures of general pathological syndromes. CONCLUSION: Therefore, the schizophrenic patients taking advantage of the community mental health centers have more negative syndromes than those in hospitalized, and rehabilitation programs are needed to help them continuously. And the further study of the correlations between the pathological syndromes and the degrees of the insights are required, and still, it should be analyzed what effects the insight acquirement brings about to the improvements of the pathological syndromes after the application of the insight-oriented programs.
Community Mental Health Centers* ; Humans ; Rehabilitation

Sparganosis is caused by tapeworm larva of the genus Spirometra, which commonly invades the subcutaneous tissue, and less frequently invades the abdominal wall, intestine, muscle, thorax, breast, eye, brain, spinal cord etc. We experienced a rare case of living sparganosis, which was found in the flexor muscle of the distal forearm. Ultrasonography was helpful in the diagnosis of sparganosis
Abdominal Wall ; Brain ; Breast ; Cestoda ; Diagnosis ; Forearm* ; Intestines ; Larva ; Sparganosis* ; Spinal Cord ; Spirometra ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Thorax ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to examine personality, resilience and satisfaction with nursing major and to explore their influences on nursing students' satisfaction with their major. METHODS: From March 15 to 30, 2018, self-report questionnaires were distributed and collected from 308 of nursing students in 2 colleges located in P-metropolitan city and K-province. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 22.0. program. RESULTS: The mean score for personality was 3.71±0.45, for resilience, 3.28±0.36, and for satisfaction with major, 3.69±0.53. Satisfaction with major was positively correlated with personality (r=.44, p < .001) and resilience (r=.37 p < .001). Personality was positively correlated with resilience (r=.68 p < .001). The factors associated with satisfaction with major were personality (β=.34, p=.006), satisfaction with college life as ‘bad’ (β=−.25, p < .001), ‘moderate’ (β=−.19, p < .001), and ‘employment’ (β=−.14, p=.028) as motivation for nursing. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that personality, satisfaction with college life, and motivation for nursing were related to satisfaction with nursing as a major in nursing students. To increase the satisfaction with major for nursing students, it is necessary to build effective strategies to focus on promoting their personality, satisfaction with college life, and motivation for nursing.
Humans ; Motivation ; Nursing ; Students, Nursing

Background: This study explores the pathways of nurse turnover in long-term care hospitals (LTCHs) and its underlying conditions in Korea. Although the factors of staying or leaving of nurses in LTCHs have been reported, few studies have examined the trajectory and conditions of nurses staying in and leaving LTCHs. Methods: A qualitative study design with a grounded theory approach was conducted. Data were collected in one-to-one interviews. Purposive and theoretical sampling led to the inclusion of 20 registered nurses from 15 LTCHs in South Korea. Results: Seeking work-life balance was the core category of the nurses' turnover pathway. The consequences of the nurses' turnover pathway were categorized into three groups: thriving, surviving, and leaving. Thriving nurses found meaning in their work, fostered good relationships, and saw opportunities for growth. Surviving nurses were enduring their jobs in LTCHs, having a work-life balance, and supportive nursing leaders. Leaving group nurses wished to leave LTCHs due to a lack of professional growth, unappealing work, continued conflict, and social stigma. Conclusion This study provided the trajectory and conditions for nurses to enter, stay, move, or leave. Understanding the pathways for staying or leaving can be used as a strategy for successful retention of registered nurses in LTCHs.

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of family mealtime and family structure on family functioning and early adolescents’ depression. Methods: A survey was conducted with a sample of 275 middle school students in the Gangdong-gu district, Seoul. APGAR scores and Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) scale were used to measure family functioning and depression level, respectively, along with six more questions to collect data on family structure, family mealtimes, and adolescents’ reasons for avoiding family meals. Statistical analyses including t-test, one-way ANOVA and twoway ANOVA were employed to examine the influence of family mealtime, family structure and sex on family functioning and depression levels. Results: The analyses revealed that family structure and environmental factors, such as parental presence and educational attainment did not influence family functioning or adolescent depression, while variables related to family mealtime influenced both depression level and family functioning. Results also showed that females were more vulnerable to depression. Conclusion It was concluded that having family time during meals improves family functioning and helps decrease depression levels of adolescent family members. Therefore, parents should take care that they have regular family mealtimes with children, especially female children, during their adolescence.

Background: The Korean version of the Rhetorical Sensitivity Scale (RHETSEN-K) is a tool for measuring communication skills under development. This study focused on determining whether the results of the RHETSEN-K questionnaire on health-care workers are similar to those of medical students. Methods: We applied RHETSEN-K to health-care workers. Exploratory factor analysis and deterministic factor analysis were conducted. Participants were classified according to the type of RHETSEN-K, and results were compared with those of previous studies. Results: Results of the factor analysis were similar to those of previous studies. The internal consistency of the three factors were all above 0.7. The rhetorical reflector type was the most frequent, and the rhetorical sensitivity and noble self types were similar. The distribution of the type according to sex and occupation were statistically insignificant. Of the total respondents, 22.7% were not classified as any type, which is similar to the results of the non-classification of previous research. Conclusion These results imply that the concept of three rhetorical factors in Korean culture is different from those used in RHETSEN2, suggesting that it is necessary to develop an evaluation tool that reflects these results.