STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Regardless of any restoration, most of case, we used in screw connection between abutment and implant. For this reason, implant screw loosening has been remained problem in restorative practices. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare surface of coated/plated screw with titanium and gold alloy screw and to evaluate physical property of coated/plated material after scratch test in FESEM investigation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: GoldTite, titanium screw provided by 3i (Implant Innovation, USA) and TorqTite, titanium screw by Steri-Oss (Nobel Biocare, USA) and gold screw, titanium screw by AVANA (Osstem Implant, korea) - were selected for this study. Each abutment screw surface was observed at 100 times, and then screw crest, root, and slope were done more detailed numerical value, at 1000 times with FESEM. A micro-diamond needle was also prepared for the scratch test. Each abutment screw was fixed, micro-diamond scratch the surface of head region was made at constant load and then was observed central region and periphery of fine trace through 1000 times with FESEM. RESULTS: The surface of GoldTite was smoother than that of other kinds of screw and had abundant ductility and malleability compared with titanium and gold screw. The scratch test also showed that teflon particles were exfoliated easily in screw coated with teflon. Titanium screw had a rough surface and low ductility. CONCLUSION: It was recommended that the clinical use of gold-plated screw would prevent a screw from loosening.
Alloys ; Head ; Needles ; Polytetrafluoroethylene ; Titanium

OBJECTIVE: We present an evaluation of the clinical outcome and an investigation of the optimal use of papaverine angioplasty for the treatment of symptomatic vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage. METHODS: The authors retrospectively analyzed 24 cases of symptomatic vasospasm treated by papaverine angioplasty from July 1994 to February 1998. Detailed clinical features and detailed techniques of papaverine angioplasty including sex, age, symptoms, time interval from symptom onset to angioplasty, papaverine dose, concentration and duration of infusion were investigated. RESULTS: After papaverine angioplasty, immediate angiographic vasodilatation was achieved in 23 cases (96%). Fifty eight percent showed clinical improvement within 24 hours but symptomatic vasospasm recurred in 21% of them. Retreatment with papaverine for the recurred cases showed a less response than the initial treatment. Statistical analyses showed that time interval from symptom onset to angioplasty was the factor related to the effects of papaverine angioplasty. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that optimal timing of papaverine angioplasty is very important for clinical improvement.
Angioplasty* ; Papaverine* ; Retreatment ; Retrospective Studies ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; Vasodilation ; Vasospasm, Intracranial*

No abstract available.
Hepatitis B Surface Antigens* ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Korea* ; Liver Diseases* ; Liver*

Authors selected 54 patients in ASA class I, II, aged from 20 to 60 years old undergoiag operations of lower limbs and lower abdomen. In the different dosage of 0.25% hyperbaric bupivacaine, these were divided into 3 groups ; group A(22 patients) using l0 mg(4 ml), group B(17 patients) using 15 mg(6 ml), group C(15 patients) using 20 mg(8ml), which were injected into subarachnoid space. The following results were obtained. I) Maimum level of sensory loss was significantly increased with increase dosage, and the time of onset was significantly faster with decrease dosage. 2) Duratioan of sensory loss was significantly longer with increase dosage. 3) Onset time of motor block was signficantly faster in the group C of Bromages scale degree l, Duration of motor block was signficantly longer with increase dosage. 4) Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were little decreased with increase dosage. No signficant changes were noted in the pulse rate. 5) Post spinal headache developed in 5 patients out of 54 patients(9.3%). In the study of the group C, urinary retention developed in 4 patients out of 15 patients. From above results, we conclude that 0.25% hyperbaric bupivacaine can be used for operations lasting than 1~2 hours of lower limbs and lower abdomen because cardiovascular system is little affected with increase dosage.
Abdomen ; Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Blood Pressure ; Bupivacaine* ; Cardiovascular System ; Headache ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Middle Aged ; Subarachnoid Space ; Urinary Retention

In order to prepare the fundamental data for the health promotion by assessing the exposure level of styrene, the author determined the concentration of mandelic acid and phenylglyoxylic acid in urine of 42 workers who were exposed to styrene by high performance liquid chromatography and surveyed 16 symptoms, by questionnaire and also tested neurobehavioral test(digit symbol, benton visual retention) in 2 FRP plants of Kyung Nam area from July to September, 1995. Control was sampled by age sex matching method. The concentration of styrene in air was determined by gas chromatography. The results were as follows; 1. Geometric mean concentration of styrene in air was 17.4ppm, geometric mean concentration of mandelic acid(MA) in urine were 404.3mg/g creatinine for exposure group, 46.4mg/g creatinine for control group, geometric mean concentration of phenylglyoxylic acid(PGA) in urine were 57.5mg/g creatinine for exposure group, 9.5mg/g creatinine for control group. Mean concentration of MA and PGA showed statistically significant difference between exposure group and control group(p<0.01). 2. Number of symptom were 2.9 for exposure group, 3.3 for control group, number of digit symbol were 24.1 for exposure group, 32.5 for control group, number of Benton visual retention test were 6.1 for exposure group, 6.0 for control group, respectively. As result of adjusting the education year, number of Benton visual retention test showed statistically significant difference between exposure group and control group(p<0.05). 3. Excellent correlation were observed between environmental styrene exposure and urinary MA(r=0.80), PGA(r=0.73), and MA+PGA(r=0.81).
Chromatography, Gas ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Creatinine ; Education ; Health Promotion ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Styrene*

OBJECTIVE: The authors perform a retrospective analysis in order to evaluate long-term outcome results after surgical treatment of giant pituitary adenoma (PA) and to suggest the optimal treatment strategies. METHODS: From 1990 to 2001, we experienced 61 cases of giant PA, the mean size was 4.8cm. The mean follow-up period was 47 months. There were 30 cases of functioning PA and 43 of invasive adenomas. Transsphenoidal approach (TSA) was performed in 47 patients, craniotomy in 6, and a staged operation (TSA followed by craniotomy) in 8. Gross total/near total removal (over 95% removal) was performed in 9 patients (TSA in 8 and craniotomy in one) and subtotal removal (over 50% and less than 95%) in the others. Post-operative radiotherapy (RTx) was performed in thirty-six patients. Treatment results were classified as controlled and non-controlled group. Controlled group was defined as patients with no evidence of mass growth, improvement of mass effect, and endocrinological normalization. RESULTS: Tumor control was possible in 58% and mass control only was observed in 91%. Additive radiotherapy showed a significant benefit on tumor control (p=0.013) in the subtotal removal group. In patients with functioning PA, endocrinological improvement (normalization 32%) was shown in 92% (Radiotherapy, 20 cases). CONCLUSION: Total removal of giant PAs through TSA or craniotomy is not always feasible and often risky. Subtotal resection of giant PAs by TSA with or without subsequent RTx may provide a good local tumor control.
Adenoma ; Craniotomy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Pituitary Neoplasms* ; Radiotherapy ; Retrospective Studies

The incidence of tuberculosis (Tbc) infection is high in some parts of the world and tuberculous cold abscess of the chest wall (CACW) often fails to respond to medical treatment. Medical records of 178 patients who underwent surgical treatment of chest wall abscesses from July 1970 to Sept. 2000 were reviewed and 89 patients who were pathologically confirmed as Tbc cold abscess cases were included in this study. Their ages ranged from 9 to 71 years (mean 33.3 years) and the male to female ratio was 1.2:1 (49 male, 40 female). The symptoms were palpable chest wall mass, pain and pus discharge, and three patients had multiple lesions. Twenty-five patients (28%) underwent excision of chest wall abscesses and 64 patients (72%) underwent chest wall and rib resection. Tbc medication was given preoperatively in 39 patients for an average of 6.3 months and all patients were given Tbc medication postoperatively for an average of 12 months. Postoperative complications were bleeding, pus discharge, empyema, pleural effusion, wound dehiscence, subcutaneous emphysema and activation of pulmonary Tbc. The disease recurred in 7 patients (7.8%) and these 7 patients all underwent a second operation. We recommend preoperative Tbc medication and complete resection of chest wall abscesses including any suspicious ribs. Postoperative Tbc medication for a minimum of 12 months is essential to decrease the risk of a relapse.
Abscess/drug therapy/*surgery ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use ; Child ; Female ; Human ; Male ; Middle Age ; Retrospective Studies ; Thoracic Diseases/drug therapy/*surgery ; *Thoracic Surgical Procedures ; Thoracic Vertebrae/surgery ; Tuberculosis/drug therapy/*surgery

Ulcerative colitis has been recognized as a premalignant condition because a considerable proportion of patients with colitis eventually develop colorectal carcinoma at the site of the inflammatory disease. Malignant lymphoma occurring in cases of long-standing ulcerative colitis is rare. Cancer risk is positively correlated with duration and anatomic extent of colitis, but do not appear to be increased by early age at onset of disease. Patients with chronic ulcerative colitis should have periodic rectal and colonoscopic biopsies, and those with moderate to marked dysplasia require colectomy because of the increased risk of colon carcinoma. We report a case of malignant lymphoma in patient with ulcerative colitis.
Biopsy ; Colectomy ; Colitis ; Colitis, Ulcerative* ; Colon ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Humans ; Lymphoma* ; Ulcer*

OBJECTIVES: Stroke is leading cause of death and more importantly it is cause of serious disability. The effective treatment of acute ischemic stroke still remains a challenge to modern medicine. Recent clinical trials have shown that carotid endareterctomy(CEA) provide overwhelming benefits compared with medical therapy in preventing subsequent stroke for symptomatic carotid stenosis. For the asymptomatic ones, the data are less compelling, but highly suggestive that CEA do have benefits in properly selected patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To investigate the clinical manifestations of carotid stenosis and results of CEAs, authors analyzed retrospectively 19 CEAs in 16 patients from June 1986 to June 1999. Age of patients ranged from 55 to 76 years(median, 66) and male to female ratio was 14 to 2. The duration of follow-up was 1 to 144 months (median, 26). All of CEAs were done on the side of stenosis more than 80% and bilateral CEAs were done in three. Six CEAs were performed in asymptomatic patients. RESULTS: Seventeen of 19 CEAs showed excellent results and complication rate was low although ipsilateral ischemic stroke occurred in two. CONCLUSION: CEA may be a valuable surgical treatment for ischemic stroke caused by carotid stenosis and also for prevention of stroke of asymptomatic patients with carotid stenosis.
Carotid Stenosis* ; Cause of Death ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Endarterectomy, Carotid* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; History, Modern 1601- ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Stroke

White mold (orSclerotinia stem rot), caused bySclerotinia species, is a major air, soil, or seed-transmitted disease affecting numerous crops and wild plants. Microscopic or culturebased methods currently available for their detection and identification are time-consuming, laborious, and often erroneous. Therefore, we developed a multiplex quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay for the discrimination, detection, and quantification of DNA collected from each of the three economically relevant Sclerotinia species, namely, S. sclerotiorum, S. minor, and S. nivalis. TaqMan primer/probe combinations specific for each Sclerotiniaspecies were designed based on the gene sequences encoding aspartyl protease. High specificity and sensitivity of each probe were confirmed for sclerotium and soil samples, as well as pure cultures, using simplex and multiplex qPCRs. This multiplex assay could be helpful in detecting and quantifying specific species of Sclerotinia, and therefore, may be valuable for disease diagnosis, forecasting, and management.