No abstract available.
Jaw, Edentulous*

The incidence of ectpic pregnancy has increased rapidly over the past decade. Currently, the complications of this disorder make it one of the leading causes of maternal mortality and morbidity. In the late 1980s, reports of successful use of methotrexate (MTX) as a non surgical treatment for ectopic pregnancy (EP) also began to appear in the literature. With MTX emerging as a possible alternative management of selected women with an EP, an analysis of its comparative costs is now needed. We examined retrospectively the costs associated with management of EP in our hospital. We selected 30 women with EPand divided them into two groups of MTX treated group (n= l0) and surgically treated group (n=20). There were no statistically significant differences in the doctors fee, room, charge and cost of laboratory and radiologic examination between two groups. But We found significant reduction in cost with regard to pharmacy, injection, procedure and operation of MTX treated group compared to surgically treated group (p<0.05). Consequently the use of MTX for EP should still be considered investigational; we recognize and agree that the evolution of this remedial option should be based primarily on its ability to decrease morbidity and mortality rather than on its ability to reduce costs. If medical treatment proves to be effective, the potential cost savings demonstrated in this report will become an important influential factor on selecting alternative remedy.
Cost Savings ; Fees and Charges ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Maternal Mortality ; Methotrexate ; Mortality ; Pharmacy ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic* ; Retrospective Studies

Background: Human breast milk (HBM) contains optimal nutrients for infant growth.Probiotics are used to prevent disease and, when taken by the mother, they may affect infant microbiome as well as HBM. However, few studies have specifically investigated the effect of probiotic intake by the mother on HBM and infant microbiota at genus/species level. Therefore, we present a comprehensive analysis of paired HBM and infant feces (IF) microbiome samples before and after probiotic intake by HBM-producing mothers. Methods: Lactating mothers were administered with Lactobacillus rhamnosus (n = 9) or Saccharomyces boulardii capsules (n = 9), for 2 months; or no probiotic (n = 7). Paired HBM and IF samples were collected before and after treatment and analyzed by next-generation sequencing. Results: Forty-three HBM and 49 IF samples were collected and sequenced. Overall, in 43 HBM samples, 1,190 microbial species belonging to 684 genera, 245 families, 117 orders, and 56 classes were detected. In 49 IF samples, 372 microbial species belonging to 195 genera, 79 families, 42 orders, and 18 classes were identified. Eight of 20 most abundant genera in both HBM and IF samples overlapped: Streptococcus (14.42%), Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus, and Veillonella, which were highly abundant in the HBM samples; and Bifidobacterium (27.397%), Bacteroides, and Faecalibacterium, which were highly abundant in the IF samples. Several major bacterial genera and species were detected in the HBM and IF samples after probiotic treatment, illustrating complex changes in the microbiomes upon treatment. Conclusion This is the first Korean microbiome study in which the effect of different probiotic intake by the mother on the microbiota in HBM and IF samples was investigated.This study provides a cornerstone to further the understanding of the effect of probiotics on the mother and infant microbiomes.

Background: Human breast milk (HBM) contains optimal nutrients for infant growth.Probiotics are used to prevent disease and, when taken by the mother, they may affect infant microbiome as well as HBM. However, few studies have specifically investigated the effect of probiotic intake by the mother on HBM and infant microbiota at genus/species level. Therefore, we present a comprehensive analysis of paired HBM and infant feces (IF) microbiome samples before and after probiotic intake by HBM-producing mothers. Methods: Lactating mothers were administered with Lactobacillus rhamnosus (n = 9) or Saccharomyces boulardii capsules (n = 9), for 2 months; or no probiotic (n = 7). Paired HBM and IF samples were collected before and after treatment and analyzed by next-generation sequencing. Results: Forty-three HBM and 49 IF samples were collected and sequenced. Overall, in 43 HBM samples, 1,190 microbial species belonging to 684 genera, 245 families, 117 orders, and 56 classes were detected. In 49 IF samples, 372 microbial species belonging to 195 genera, 79 families, 42 orders, and 18 classes were identified. Eight of 20 most abundant genera in both HBM and IF samples overlapped: Streptococcus (14.42%), Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus, and Veillonella, which were highly abundant in the HBM samples; and Bifidobacterium (27.397%), Bacteroides, and Faecalibacterium, which were highly abundant in the IF samples. Several major bacterial genera and species were detected in the HBM and IF samples after probiotic treatment, illustrating complex changes in the microbiomes upon treatment. Conclusion This is the first Korean microbiome study in which the effect of different probiotic intake by the mother on the microbiota in HBM and IF samples was investigated.This study provides a cornerstone to further the understanding of the effect of probiotics on the mother and infant microbiomes.

BACKGROUND: The viability of cord blood is an important measure of product quality. Trypan blue (TB) stain is the most commonly and conveniently used method to measure the viability of the cord blood. Recently, cytometric analysis using 7-Aminoactinomycin D (7-AAD) was introduced. Staining with 7-AAD is more sensitive in detecting cellular damage than staining with TB. In addition to this, 7-AAD allows specific measurement of the viability of total nucleated cells (TNC), mononuclear cells (MNC) and CD34+ cells. In this study, we compared the viability of TNC between the TB and 7-AAD method, as well as analyzing the viability of each cell population. METHODS: From February to July 2010, 102 cord blood units were collected and assessed for the viability of TNC by the TB and 7-AAD methods. The viability of mononuclear cells (MNC) and CD34+ cells was assessed by 7-AAD method. RESULTS: The TB and 7-AAD methods were used to assess the viability of TNC, which was 90.1+/-5.7% and 68.4+/-8.0%, respectively. The viability of MNC and CD34+ cells measured by the 7-AAD method was 91.8+/-4.3% and 93.4+/-5.1%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The TNC viability of 7-AAD method was significantly lower than that of TB method. In 7-AAD method, the viabilities of MNC and CD34+ cells were significantly higher than that of TNC. As those are important prognostic factors and measures for successful engraftment after the transplantation, the measurement of the viabilities of MNC and CD34+ cells by 7-AAD method would be helpful to the quality control of the cord blood product.
Cell Survival ; Cryopreservation ; Dactinomycin ; Diminazene ; Fetal Blood ; Quality Control ; Transplants ; Trypan Blue ; Umbilical Cord

In order to find out the distribution of fibronectin and fibrinogen in placenta among pregnancy induced hypertensive (PIH) patients, 6 normotensive pregnancies and 17 PIH patients were chosen. The placentas were obtained right after delivery and soaked in the 10% formalin solution. The score was measured in terms of the positiveness of the stain in immunohistochemical stain by using I antibody with the rabbit antihuman fibronectin and the rabbit anti-human fibrinogen. Comparison between two groups are as following: 1.The placenta of PIH patients showed significantly reduced positiveness of fibronectin in their fetal villous vessels and villous stroma. 2. In the PIH patients, the positiveness was reduced in the group giving the birth to intrauterine fetal growth retardation compared to giving birth to normal baby. 3. In both normotensive and PIH patients, the villous basement membrane did not show the staining response to fibronectin, while showing heavy staining response to fibrinogen. 4. The positiveness of fibrinogen in fetal vessels, villous basement membrane, intervillous space and stroma were almost same in both normotensive and PIH patients. From above results, we can conclude that there is abnormality in the distribution of fibronectin especially in the fetal vessels and the villous stroma of placenta among PIH patients. The cause of this result needs further study.
Basement Membrane ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; Fibrinogen* ; Fibronectins* ; Formaldehyde ; Humans ; Parturition ; Placenta* ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Pregnancy*

OBJECTIVES: For estimating the antenatal fetal wellbeing to develop new analysis method of fetal heart rate(FHR) with electronic Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring(eFHRM) and computer. METHODS: Heart rate signal is received from distressed fetus using eFHRM. It is necessary to carry out low pass filtering as a preprocess for the nonlinear method. Nonlinear parameters are calculated and classified to investigate the relations between these parameters and values of umbilical cord blood gas. RESULTS: By dividing values of the umbilical cord blood gas into 5 fetuses of acidemic group and 17 fetuses of non-acidemic group after 22 neonates who presented fetal distress were born, the following results as compared with nonlinear chaotic analysis result were obtained. 1. Delay time through AMI for acidemic group was 16.80+/-3.11, and was higher than 15.41+/-2.27 for non-acidemic group, and is not significant in statistics. 2. Embedding Dimension calculated with FNN method was 5.60+/-2.07 for acidemic group, and 4.71+/-1.26 for non-acidemic group, and it was not significant statistically. 3. Correlation dimension for acidemic group was 1.41+/-0.20, and was higher than 1.10+/-0.38 for non-acidemic group, and is not significant in statistics. 4. Mean crossing value by isoangular return map was 28.80+/-11.34 for acidemic group, and 16.65+/-7.00 for non-acidemic group, and it was significant statistically(P=0.008). 5. In comparison of information entropy in 1-D ED, acidemic group was 6.32+/-0.38 and non-acidemic group was 6.20+/-0.28 and it was not significant statistically. Also, in comparison of value in 2-D ED, acidemic group was 10.20+/-0.34. It was higher than non-acidemic group of 9.51+/-0.43 significantly in statistics(P=0.004). But, in comparison of value in 2-D EP, acidemic group was 8.78+/-0.86 and non-acidemic group is of 9.22+/-0.74 and it wasn't significant statistically. And, 2-D ED(DI) value was 10.64+/-0.14 for acidemic group and 10.51+/-0.18 for non-acidemic group, and it wasn't significant statistically. CONCLUSIONS: By the above result, nonliner dynamics and chaotic analysis of heart rate data with computer can serve as a new diagnosis method which may estimate the fetal wellbeing with real time. Through further studies for establishment of diagnosis standard and computer programming, real time diagnosis method shall be applied to clinical practice.
Diagnosis ; Entropy ; Female ; Fetal Blood ; Fetal Distress* ; Fetal Heart* ; Fetus ; Heart Rate ; Heart Rate, Fetal* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Nonlinear Dynamics* ; Pregnancy

As a material of metal-ceramic prosthesis, nickel as a form of Ni-Cr alloy has been used for many dental prostheses in many cases. However, several problems in use of the alloy have been revealed (ex ; tissue stimulation, skin allergy, hypersensitivity, cytotoxicity and carcinogenecity). Little is known about nickel with respect to the relationship between Ni-prosthesis and gaining of Ni-resistance in oral microorganisms. The present study was undertaken to check wheather use of Ni-prosthesis leads to occurrence of Ni-resistant microorganisms. So this study may suggest the possible relationships between the oral microorganisms and nickel-resistance in oral enviroment. Bacteria were isolated from the gingival crevicular fluid on the patients wearing Ni-Cr prosthesis. The isolated bacteria were tested for their Ni-resistance in nickel containing media at different concentration from 3mM to 110mM. E. coli HB101 was used as control. The Ni-resistant bacteria were isolated and biochemically identified. The Ni-resistant bacteria were tested several biochemical, molecular-biological tests. Performed tests were ; measuring the growth curve, antibiotic test, growth ability test in liquid media, isolation of the chromosome and plasmid, digestion of DNA by restriction enzyme, electrophoresis of chromosome and plasmid DNA, identification of Ni-resistant genes by the DNA hybridization. The results were as follows: 1) The bacteria isolated from gingival crevicular fluid on the patients wearing Ni-Cr alloy prosthesis showed nickel-resistance. 2) The isolated microorganisms grew at nickel containing media of high concentrations (60mM-110mM). 3) Based on the biochemical tests, the isolated microorganisms were identified as Enterococcus faecalis(13 cases), Klebsiella pneumoniae(1 case) and Enterobacter gergoviae(1 case). 4) Enterococcus faecalis expressed not only nickel resistance but also the multi-drug resistanceto several antibiotics ; chloramphenicol, kanamicin, streptomycin, lincomycin, clindamycin. However all strain showed the sensitivity against the tetracycline. 5) DNA hybridization result suggest that there is no homology between the previousely known gene of nickel resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae and chromosomal DNA Enterococcus faecalis.
Alloys* ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteria* ; Chloramphenicol ; Clindamycin ; Dental Prosthesis ; Digestion ; DNA ; Electrophoresis ; Enterobacter ; Enterococcus ; Enterococcus faecalis ; Gingival Crevicular Fluid* ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Klebsiella ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Lincomycin ; Nickel ; Plasmids ; Prostheses and Implants* ; Skin ; Streptomycin ; Tetracycline