Arthrography is an invaluable procedure in critically verifyging the concentricity of closed reduction and the optimum position of stability. And it is known to be the most accurate and certain way of demonstrating lesser degrees of incongruity. It can visualize the intrinsic obstructive fractors, such as capsular attachment, the labrum, the psoas tendon and its relationship to the joint, the pulvinar, ligamentum teres, the inferior transverse ligament, and the shape of the femoral head and acetabulum. We analyzed 20 cases of congenital dislocation of the hip in 17 patients, which had been evaluated by arthrography. The results are as follows: 1. We found the inferior approach very efficient among many kinds of arthrographic techniques. 2. Among 20 cases, 12 cases could be treated with closed reduction and 8 cases were treated by open reduction such as capsuloplasty, partial limbusectomy, and removal of space occupying lesion in acetabulum, including 2 cases of Salter's innominate osteotomy and 1 case of derotational osteotomy. 3. Among the intracapsular obstructive factors which played major role in hindering closed reduction, capsular constriction was shown in 8 case, inverted or hypertrophic limbus in 5 cases, and other space occupying lesions in 2 cases. 4. We performed combined operation including bone and soft tissue for severe extra- and intracapsular lesions and closed reduction for mild to moderate extra- and intracapsular lesions. 5. Arthrography of the hip joint was indispensable in evaluating the intracapsular osstructive lesions as well as detecting the subtle incongruent reduction.
Acetabulum ; Arthrography ; Constriction ; Dislocations ; Head ; Hip Joint ; Hip ; Humans ; Joints ; Ligaments ; Osteotomy ; Pulvinar ; Round Ligaments ; Tendons

No abstract available.

Tissues actively involved in energy metabolism are more likely to face metabolic challenges from bioenergetic substrates and are susceptible to mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to metabolic diseases. The mitochondria receive signals regarding the metabolic states in cells and transmit them to the nucleus or endoplasmic reticulum (ER) using calcium (Ca2+) for appropriate responses. Overflux of Ca2+ in the mitochondria or dysregulation of the signaling to the nucleus and ER could increase the incidence of metabolic diseases including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) may regulate Ca2+ flux via changing the mitochondrial membrane potential and signals to other organelles such as the nucleus and ER. Since Tfam is involved in metabolic function in the mitochondria, here, we discuss the contribution of Tfam in coordinating mitochondria-ER activities for Ca2+ flux and describe the mechanisms by which Tfam affects mitochondrial Ca2+ flux in response to metabolic challenges.

Benign symmetric lipomatosis is characterised by diffuse symmetric deposits of adipose tissue, predominantly on the neck, shoulder, back and upper extremities. We report a case of benign symmetric lipomatosis in a 61-year-old-man, which was first noted one year previously. It began growing rapidly about 3 months ago and was associated with alcoholic liver disease. Histopathological findings showed that the reticular dermis had been replaced by normal uncapsulated mature fat cells that were slightly increased in number in the fibrous connective tissue. He was treated with theophylline 300mg/day for two months.
Adipocytes ; Adipose Tissue ; Connective Tissue ; Dermis ; Lipomatosis* ; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic ; Neck ; Shoulder ; Theophylline ; Upper Extremity

Adenomyoepithelioma is a rare benign tumor which occurs mainly in the skin, salivary gland and very rarely in the breast. Histologically this tumor demonstrates biphasic differentiation of luminal epithelial cells and myoepithelial cells. We report a case of adenomyoepithelioma occuring in the outer lower quadrant of the right breast of a 56-year-old female, confirmed histologically with an aid of immunohistochemistry. This is the first documented report in Korean literature.
Adenomyoepithelioma* ; Breast* ; Epithelial Cells ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Middle Aged ; Phenobarbital ; Salivary Glands ; Skin

Malignant rhabdoid tumor is a distinct renal tumor in pediatric age group and extremely rare in adults. It was originally described as a rhabdomyosarcomatoid variant of Wilms' tumor. But subsequent studies failed to confirm myogenous differentiation, so the rhabdoid tumor is now considered to be a distinct and unique disease type of highly malignant renal tumor, histogenetically unrelated to Wilms' tumor. However the histogenesis have not been clearly defined until now. We report a case of malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney in a 34-year-old man who represented with a left abdominal mass. Grossly, a large mass occupying most of the left kidney except for a part of upper pole was invading beyond renal capsule and the perirenal soft tissue. It measured 18x14 cm in dimension and was soft, lobulated and yellowish gray with large areas of hemorrhage and necroses. Microscopically, the tumor mass was composed of sheets of round or polygonal neoplastic cells growing in a solid pattern. These tumor cells were medium to large in size with ample cytoplasm containing recognizable eosinophilic inclusion and had an eccentrically located, large nucleus with one or a few prominent nucleoli. Mitotic figures were frequently observed. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells contained whorled filamentous inclusions corresponding to vimentin, epithelial membrane antigen and cytokeratin in immunostaining.
Adult ; Male ; Female ; Humans

Chondroblastoma is a rare primary neoplasm of bone which involves the epiphysis of the long bone and develops mostly in the 2nd decade of life. We reviewed the cases of twenty patients with chondroblastoma who were treated at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine between 1969 and 1989. All patients were followed for 1 year or longer. The results were as follows. 1. The proximal end of the humerus(25%) and the proximal end of the femur(25%) were the most common sites. 2. 85% of patients were between 11 to 20 years old and male to female ratio was 3:2. 3. The most common symptom was pain and in 30% of patients it was appeared after minor trauma. 4. The average diameter of lesion is 4.2cm in its long axis and the more longer the duration, the more larger the size of lesion. 5. Involvement of the epiphyseal plate was twice as common in the patients with a closing plate as in those with an open one. 6. The most common microscopic finding was the presence of chondroblast and chondroid matrix. 7. Two patients(10%) had a local recurrence. 8. The final functional results were considered to be good in sixteen(80%) patients. 9. Accurste localization of the lesion during biopsy is very important especially in the case of deep seated lesion.
Biopsy ; Chondroblastoma ; Chondrocytes ; Epiphyses ; Female ; Growth Plate ; Humans ; Male ; Recurrence

Epidural hemangioma is a rare neoplasm which consists of 4% of epidural tumors and 12% of hemangiomas of vertebral column. But most of them are secondary involvement of epidural space by vertebral hemangioma and pure epidural hemangioma is very rare. Reported cases involve thoracic & lumbar level. Neural foramen & paraspinal region are usually invaded by the tumor mass. Clinical symptoms are similar to simple low back pain or disc herniation. Myelography, CT & MRI are helpful to make diagnosis but pathologic finding is important for final diagnosis. Authors are reporting a case of epidural hemangioma which was difficult to differentiate from HIVD by symptomatology & radiologic findings alone.
Diagnosis ; Epidural Neoplasms ; Epidural Space ; Hemangioma ; Low Back Pain ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Myelography ; Spine

No abstract available.
Osteogenesis Imperfecta* ; Osteogenesis* ; Pseudarthrosis* ; Tibia*

Akt, heat shock protein (HSP72)72, and HSP90 induced by ischemic preconditioning protect cells from the ischemic injury. The purpose of this study was to examine the alterations of the level of phospho-Akt, HSP72, and HSP90 in the rat tibialis anterior and soleus muscles after cyclic episodes of ischemic preconditioning. Sprague-Dawley rats aged 35 weeks were divided into control and ischemic preconditioning (IP) groups. The IP group was divided into 3 subgroups based on cycles of IP. Left common iliac artery was occluded 3, 6, and 10 times for 5 minutes, followed by 5 minutes reperfusion. The experimental animals were sacrificed at 0, 3, 6, 24, and 72 hours after reperfusion, and left tibialis anterior and soleus muscles were removed. The expression of phospho-Akt, HSP72, and HSP90 were examined with immunohistochemical methods and Western blot analysis. The results were as follows; 1. In the 3 and 6 times of IP groups, the expression of phospho-Akt (p-Akt) was increased at 0 and 3 hours after reperfusion, compared with control group. The expression of p-Akt in the 10 times of IP group was lower than that in 3 and 6 times of IP groups. At 72 hours after reperfusion, the expression of p-Akt showed no difference among the IP groups. The expression of p-Akt was higher in Soleus than that in Tibialis anterior. 2. The expression of HSP72 in 3 times of IP group increased at 0 and 3 hours after reperfusion, compared with 6 and 10 times of IP groups. The expression of HSP72 in the 10 times of IP group was lower than that in 3 and 6 times of IP groups. At 72 hours after reperfusion, the expression of HSP72 showed no difference among the IP groups. The expression of HSP72 was higher in Soleus than that in Tibialis anterior. 3. In the 3 and 6 times of IP groups, the expression of HSP90 increased at 0 and 3 hours after reperfusion, compared with control group. The expression of HSP90 in the 10 times of IP group was lower than that in 3 and 6 times of IP groups. At 24 hours after reperfusion, the expression of HSP90 showed no difference with increasing episode of IP. The expression level of HSP90 was higher in Soleus than that in Tibialis anterior. These findings suggest that ischemic preconditioning increases the expression of p-Akt, HSP72 and HSP90 at early phase after reperfusion in the rat tibialis anterior and soleus muscles. However, increased cycles of ischemic preconditioning may not induce the expression of them.
Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Heat-Shock Proteins ; Iliac Artery ; Ischemic Preconditioning* ; Muscles* ; Phosphorylation* ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion