Foreign bodies in genitourinary tract are not infrequent and the reported cages are almost those within the bladder. Fortunately, the purposes and types of instrumentation are more simple especially in our country than in others. We present two cages, one was a stell pipe inserted on the penile shaft and the other was painting brush inserted within the urethra, and intend to review them reported in literatures.
Foreign Bodies* ; Male ; Paint ; Paintings ; Penis* ; Urethra* ; Urinary Bladder

OBJECTIVE: To assess the capability of phosphodiesterase type IV inhibitor (rolipram) to suppress IL-12 in human decidua and the subsequent changes of Th-2 cytokine (IL-10) and Th-1 cytokine (TNF-alpha). METHODS: Decidual tissues of 10 first-trimester pregnant women and 10 first-trimester pregnant women diagnosed as missed abortion were collected by dilatation and currettage. The decidual tissues were treated with rolipram for 6 hours. Protein and mRNA expression in the tissues were analysed by western blotting, immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Rolipram, in the concentration above 1 microgram/ml, could decrease the expression of IL-12p35 (control: 46.37+/-7.38, rolipram: 24.34+/-8.46) and IL-12p40 mRNA (control: 31.7+/-5.8, rolipram: 14.9+/-4.6) and protein (control: 52.4+/-8.9, rolipram: 40.9+/-12.1). However, the expression of IL-10 and TNF-alpha mRNA and protein did not changed by rolipram. There was no difference in the cytokine expression pattern between the decidual tissues of normal pregnancy and missed abortion. CONCLUSION: Rolipram, the phosphodiesterase type IV inhibitor, could induce the decrease of IL-12 in human decidua. In human decidual tissue, unlike other human tissues, the decrease of IL-12 by rolipram did not modulate other Th-1/Th-2 cytokines. Inability of IL-12 to modulate other Th-1/Th-2 cytokines might be related with unique cytokine network in human decidua rather than its small extent of decrease.
Abortion, Missed ; Blotting, Western ; Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4* ; Cytokines* ; Decidua ; Dilatation ; Female ; Humans* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Interleukin-10 ; Interleukin-12 Subunit p35 ; Interleukin-12 Subunit p40 ; Interleukin-12* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; RNA, Messenger ; Rolipram ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha