A clinically rare case of recurrent meningioma of the orbit of 30 years old male is reported. The right eye invaded with fibroblastic meningioma was enucleated in association of resection of tumor mass ten years ago. The second surgery of socket reconstruction for the palpebral and conjunctival atrophy was performed eight years later. An experience of orbital exenteration to a complete removal of walnut sized firm and palpable mass recurred in the orbital socket with successful result after the histo-pathological examination was described.
Adult ; Atrophy ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Juglans ; Male ; Meningioma* ; Orbit

It is not yet clear whether Glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) polymorphisms affect the risk of breast cancer. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive meta-analysis of all the available, published case-control studies on the extent of the possible association between GSTM1 polymorphisms and susceptibility to breast cancer. Twenty case-control studies on GSTM1 and breast cancer were identified using both PUBMED and a manual search. Meta-analysis was conducted by the Peto method. Subgroup analyses were undertaken, in order to explore the relationship between effect sizes and the study characteristics. The overall odds ratio (OR) was found to be 1.06 (95% CI, 0.99-1.14). The OR for post-menopausal women with GSTM1 deficiency was determined to be 1.19 (95% CI, 1.05-1.34). In populations with a low frequency of GSTM1 deficiency, a greater increase was observed (OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.08-1.34). Furthermore, the highest associations were found in post-menopausal women with a low frequency of GSTM1 deficiency (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.20-1.73). The fact that GSTM1 deficiency is not rare in the general population implies that the attributable risk for breast cancer could be sizable. Further studies focusing on the structure of haplotype blocks of GSTM1 are required in order to find a specific haplotype with a predisposing breast cancer susceptibility allele.
Breast Neoplasms/*epidemiology/*genetics ; Female ; Glutathione Transferase/*genetics ; Humans ; *Polymorphism, Genetic ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Risk Factors

No abstract available.
Lung* ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Sarcoma* ; Thorax*

Purpose: This study was performed to identify the prevalence of menstrual disorders in Korean women based on body mass index (BMI)and lifestyle factors, by utilizing the Korean National Health Insurance Database. Methods: A retrospective observational study designwas used for the secondary data analysis. Data of women aged 15 to 49 years who were diagnosed with menstrual disorders were extractedfrom The National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort in Korea from 2009 to 2016. The age-standardizedprevalence rate of menstrual disorders was calculated using SAS version 9.4, and a Chi-square test and Cochran-Armitage test were performed. Results: In total, 2,219,445 cases were extracted from the database. The prevalence of menstrual disorders significantly increasedfrom 8.6% to 11.6% (Z=135.16, p for trend <.001) over the past eight years. In particular, it was higher in underweight womenthan in women with normal weight across all years (Z=-4.18~-14.72, p <.001). Moreover, statistically significant differences in the prevalenceof menstrual disorders were found to be associated with drinking and smoking in all years and with physical activity levels in part(p <.05~.001). Conclusion These findings present compelling evidence on the prevalence of menstrual disorders based on a national database.Since the prevalence of menstrual disorders has steadily increased and differs based on BMI and lifestyle factors, educational andclinical interventions are necessary to promote risk awareness and appropriate behavioral changes among Korean women.

Orthopaedics is an area where 3-dimensional (3D) printing technology is most likely to be utilized because it has been used to treat a range of diseases of the whole body. For arthritis, spinal diseases, trauma, deformities, and tumors, 3D printing can be used in the form of anatomical models, surgical guides, metal implants, bio-ceramic body reconstruction, and orthosis. In particular, in orthopaedic oncology, patients have a wide variety of tumor locations, but limited options for the limb salvage surgery have resulted in many complications. Currently, 3D printing personalized implants can be fabricated easily in a short time, and it is anticipated that all bone tumors in various surgical sites will be reconstructed properly. An improvement of 3D printing technology in the healthcare field requires close cooperation with many professionals in the design, printing, and validation processes. The government, which has determined that it can promote the development of 3D printing-related industries in other fields by leading the use of 3D printing in the medical field, is also actively supporting with an emphasis on promotion rather than regulation. In this review, the experience of using 3D printing technology for bone tumor surgery was shared, expecting orthopaedic surgeons to lead 3D printing in the medical field.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Delivery of Health Care ; Humans ; Limb Salvage ; Models, Anatomic ; Orthotic Devices ; Printing, Three-Dimensional* ; Spondylarthritis ; Surgeons

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanisms involved in the mRNA expressions of hCG, LH/CG receptor and in hormone secretion in the trophoblast of normal and abnormal early pregnancy. METHODS: hCG, free Beta-hCG, and progesterone concentrations were measured in serum and the mRNA expressions of alpha,Beta-hCG and LH/CG receptor were measured in the placental trophoblast of 22 spontaneous abortion patients (spontaneous abortion group), 20 normal pregnancy women (normal pregnancy group) and 6 hydatidiform mole patients (hydatidiform mole group). RESULTS: 1. Mean values of serum hCG and free Beta-hCG concentrations were the lowest in spontaneous abortion group (46343.63+/-40404.18 mIU/ml, p<0.001; 31.34+/-61.57 mIU/ml, p<0.01 respectively) among the three groups. Mean progesterone concentration was the lowest in spontaneous abortion group (11.84+/-7.60 ng/ml, p<0.01), too.2. The expression levels of alpha,Beta-hCG were the highest in spontaneous abortion group (4.64+/-5.47, p=0.015; 4.57+/-4.42 p=0.002 respectively). The expression levels of LH/CG receptor were not different statistically among the three groups and they were high at the 5th week of gestation, reaching nadir at the 10th week of gestation when the concentrations of serum hCG showed peak values in normal pregnancy group.3. The correlations between serum hCG and progesterone concentrations were positive in both spontaneous abortion (r=0.827, p<0.001) and normal pregnancy (r=0.438, p=0.054) group. Though they were not significant statistically, the correlations between progesterone concentrations and the levels of alpha,Beta-hCG expressions were negative in both spontaneous abortion (r=-0.237, p=0.289; r=-0.211, p=0.347) and normal pregnancy (r=-0.270, p=0.250; r=-0.235, p=0.318) group. In hydatidiform mole group, the correlation between progesterone concentrations and the levels of Beta-hCG expression was positive (r=0.968, p=0.002). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the mechanisms involved in the secretion of hCG, progesterone and the expression of alpha,Beta-hCG, LH/CG receptor be normal in spontaneous abortion as in normal pregnancy and in the both groups, hCG stimulate the secretion of progesterone by autocrine function and control the secretion of itself, through the suppression of the expressions of alpha,Beta-hCG and LH/CG receptors. So the cause of spontaneous abortion in early pregnancy may be not placental dysfunction but the defect of embryo itself with poor placental growth.
Abortion, Spontaneous* ; Embryonic Structures ; Female ; Humans ; Hydatidiform Mole ; Pregnancy ; Progesterone ; RNA, Messenger* ; Trophoblasts*

Olmesartan, a recently introduced angiotensin II receptor blocker for hypertension, has been reported to cause drug-induced small bowel enteropathy. The diagnosis of olmesartan-associated enteropathy (OAE) needs clinical suspicion and the exclusion of coeliac disease, as it mimics coeliac sprue. Once diagnosed, it can be completely cured with the discontinuation of olmesartan. However, due to the extremely low incidence of OAE in Korea, clinical suspicion and diagnosis may be a challenge. The authors report the first case of OAE presenting with chronic diarrhea and acute kidney injury in Korea.

A 61-year-old woman who underwent total thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) five years previously referred for a cervical retrotracheal mass. The mass had intense fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake on positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT), and was thus thought to be malignant. Transcutaneous ultrasonography with fine needle aspiration (FNA) was not feasible, so we tried endobronchial ultrasonography (EBUS) with transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) to obtain a cytology specimen. After surgery, the mass was confirmed to be a metastatic lymph node from the previous PTC, confirming the TBNA results. Although the utility of EBUS-TBNA for evaluating mediastinal metastasis has been reported in a number of studies, few reports have addressed its utility in the cervical region. Here we report this unusual case of metastatic lymph node of PTC that recurred in the cervical retrotracheal area. It was found to exhibit esophageal muscular invasion, and was accurately diagnosed on EBUS-TBNA.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Electrons ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Middle Aged ; Needles* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms* ; Thyroidectomy ; Ultrasonography*

The major causes of small bowel obstruction are postoperative adhesion, hernia, intussusception and malignancies. However, in cases of uncommon causes of small bowel obstruction, surgeons are in a dilemma because the preoperative diagnosis and making a decision to operate are frequently difficult and delayed. Phytobezoars are unusual cause of small bowel obstruction. They are mostly due to ingestion of stringent immature fruits following gastric surgery. They are usually formed in stomach and do not migrate to the other intestinal tract, but can lead to the serious complication of acute small bowel obstruction. We are reporting a case of acute small bowel obstruction due to phytobezoar about 2x2x3 cm3 size in a 90 year old female.
Aged* ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bezoars ; Diagnosis ; Eating ; Female ; Fruit ; Hernia ; Humans ; Intestinal Obstruction* ; Intussusception ; Stomach