No abstract available.
Chungcheongnam-do* ; Humans ; Infant* ; Sex Ratio*

No abstract available.
Female ; Labor, Induced* ; Pregnancy*

BACKGROUND: There are many factors which cause postoperative hepatic dysfunction. Anesthetic agents are not the most common factor and there aremany other factors such as preoperative condition of the patients, site and duration of the operation, operation per se and so on. The purposeof this study is to evaluate postoperative liver function with respect to different types of surgery. METHOD: Fourty three patients were classified into three groups; 11 patients for tympanoplasty with mastoidectomy (Group 1), 16 patients for total abdominal hysterectomy (Group 2), 15 patients for subtotal gastrectomy (Group 3). All patients were anesthesized with about 2 vol% of enflurane combined with 50% nitrous oxide. Serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured before anesthesia, 1, 3 and 7 days after surgery in all group, respectively. RESULT: In Group 1 and 2, postoperative SGOT and SGPT levels were maintained with preoperative level during the 7days, but in Group 3, those levels were increased in the 1st day but below upper limit (p<0.05) and decreased thereafter. Alkaline phosphatase level was maintained within the normal range for all the group during the 7 days. CONCLUSION: We consider that postoperative liver functioin may be influenced by different types of surgery, and also may be influenced by anesthetic time.
Alanine Transaminase ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Inhalation* ; Anesthetics ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Enflurane* ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Inhalation* ; Liver* ; Nitrous Oxide ; Reference Values ; Tympanoplasty

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether ultrasonography assisted internal jugular central venous catheterization by single operator or two-operator could improve the success rate and decrease the number of complications compared to the traditional landmark technique. METHODS: This study was a prospective, randomized, clinical trial conducted from July 2008 to February 2009 in an urban Korean teaching hospital. Patients requiring central venous access were randomized to 1 of the 3 insertion techniques (single-operator technique, two-operator technique, traditional landmark technique). The primary outcome measure was cannulation success. Additional outcome measures included number of attempts, access times, and complications. RESULTS:One hundred fourteen patients were enrolled. Thirty four of 37(91.9%) internal jugular vein catheters were successfully inserted by single-operator technique, 34 of 39(87.2%) by two-operator technique and 22 of 38(57.9%) by landmark technique. First attempt cannulation was successful in 28 of 34(82.4%) using single-operator technique, 26 of 34(76.9%) using two-operator technique and 9 of 22(40.9%) using landmark technique. The median start to venipuncture time was 138 seconds by single-operator technique, 170 seconds by two-operator technique and 329 seconds by landmark technique. There were 19 complications in the study, 15 in the landmark group, 2 in the singleoperator group, and 2 in the two-operator group. CONCLUSION: Real-time ultrasonography assisted internal jugular vein catheterization has an higher success rate, is less time consuming, and has a lower complication rate. The single-operator technique appears to be equivalent to the two-operator technique in success rate and procedure time.
Catheterization ; Catheterization, Central Venous ; Catheters ; Central Venous Catheters ; Emergencies ; Hospitals, Teaching ; Humans ; Jugular Veins ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Phlebotomy ; Prospective Studies ; Veins

PURPOSE: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common source of bacterial infections in infants and young children. Accurate diagnosis and treatment is important because of their association with renal scarring, which can lead to complications. Urine endothelin-1 (ET-1) is the major renal isoform produced and released by renal mesangial cells in response to glomerular injury. This study aimed to investigate whether urinary levels of ET-1 can be used as a biomarker for UTI diagnosis. METHODS: We conducted a prospective study using medical records of 70 patients below the age of 18 years, who visited Chung-Ang University Hospital from July 2012 to July 2013. We classified the patients into the UTI and control groups based on urine culture studies. The UTI group was further divided into upper and lower UTI groups using 99m-Technetium dimercaptosuccinic acid scintigraphy. Urine ET-1 was measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay with 0.3 mL urine. RESULTS: The UTI and control groups were comprised of 45 and 25 patients, respectively. Mean urine ET-1 levels were significantly higher in the UTI group than in the control group (1.41+/-0.35 pg/mL vs. 0.33+/-0.07 pg/mL, P=0.04). There was no significance difference in the quantitative value between the upper and lower UTI groups (P=0.552). There was no correlation between urine ET-1 and serum C-reactive protein (Pearson correlation [R]=0.24), urine ET-1 and serum white blood cell count (R=0.19). CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that urine ET-1 can be used for early diagnosis of UTI in children.
Bacterial Infections ; Biomarkers ; C-Reactive Protein ; Child* ; Cicatrix ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Endothelin-1* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Infant ; Leukocyte Count ; Medical Records ; Mesangial Cells ; Pediatrics ; Prospective Studies ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Succimer ; Urinary Tract Infections*

Pancreas-sparing total duodenectomy (PSTD), which allows preservation of the pancreas in its entirety is a promising procedure for benign or premalignant lesions at duodenum without invading the pancreas. We report two cases of tubular adenoma of Ampulla of Vater and a GIST of duodenum, which were resected by PSTD. The proximal duodenum was transected at 2 cm distal of pylorus and the distal end was cut in the distal portion of the Treitz ligament. The proximal jejunal limb was used for biliary-pancreatic duct systems reconstruction with end-to-side anastomosis and distal jejunum was anastomosed to duodenal bulb with an end-to-side anastomosis. Although a pancreatic fistula occurred in one patient, it was improved by conservative management. PSTD is a challenging surgical technique and requires excellent knowledge of anatomy. If performed for appropriate indications, PSTD is a useful alternative to formal pancreatoduodenecotmy and can be done safely with gastrointestinal function maintained.
Adenoma ; Ampulla of Vater ; Duodenum ; Extremities ; Humans ; Jejunum ; Ligaments ; Pancreas ; Pancreatic Fistula ; Pylorus

BACKGROUND: Reestabilshment of blood flow is a standard therapeutic modality to salvage the myocardium at risk in an acute phase of myocardial infarction. However, there are significant evidences that reperfusion per se may injure the potentially viable myocardium, and a number of pharmacological agents were tried to reduce this reperfusion injury. Adenosine, an endogenous vasodilator, is suggested to reduce repergusion inury. To evaluate the myocardial protective effect of adenosine, magnetic resonance spectroscopy with superscript P was applied to feline model of acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, as well as pathological examination. METHODS: Effects of adenosine on the recovery of high energy phosphorous metabolites during 90 minutes of reperfusion period following 90 minutes of left anterior descending coronary artery ligation were assessed by31P spectroscopy in 27 cats(10: control group, 8: adenosine I group, 9: adenosine II group). In adenosine groups 0.2 mg/kg/min of adenosine was infused intravenously for 90 minutes from 30 miniutes before reperfusion in group I, and from just before reperfusion in group II. The experiments were performed on a 4.7 T/30 cm Biospec MRS/MRI system and the MR signals were obtained by using inner-diameter 1.5 cm-sized doubly tuned surface coil. The size of the spectral peaks was measured by area integration method. RESULTS: 1) Phosphocreatine(PCr) decreased rapidly with progression of ischemia, and recovered in reperfusion period in each group. PCr values in the reperfusion period were significantly higher in adenosine group than those in control group, although there was no difference between adenosine group I and II. 2) ATP decreased with progression of ischemia, and recovered in reperfusion period in each group. ATP values in the reperfusion period were significantly higher in adenosine groups than those in control group, byt there was no difference between adenosine group I and II. 3) pH decreased uniformly with progression of ischemia and recovered in reperfusion period, showing no difference between control and adenosine groups. 4) PCr/ATP ratio, representing the potential of oxidative phosphorylation, dereased with progression of ischemia and increased in reperfusion period. PCr/ATP ratio showed no difference between control, adenosine I and II groups. 5) Risk area/left ventricle ratio was not different in control and adenosine groups. Infarct size/risk area and infarct size/left ventricle ratios were smaller in adenosine II than those in control group. Howerver no significant diffence was noticed between adenosine I and control, and between adenosine I and II group. CONCLUSION: Intravenous infusion of adenosine showed the tendency of reducing the infarct size in the feline model of acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, and adenosine could improve significantly the recovery of high energy phosphate metabolites. This myocardial pretective effect of adenosine is considered to be present mainly in the reperfusion period.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Adenosine* ; Coronary Vessels ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Ischemia ; Ligation ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Myocardial Infarction ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Myocardium ; Oxidative Phosphorylation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Reperfusion ; Reperfusion Injury ; Spectrum Analysis

PURPOSE: Thallous-201 chloride produced at Korea Cancer Center Hospital(KCCH) is used in detecting cardiovascular disease and cancer. Thallium impurity can cause emesis, catharsis and nausea, so the presence of thallium and other metal impurities should be determined. According to USP and KP, their amounts must be less than 2 ppm in thallium and 5 ppm in total. In this study, the detection method of trace amounts of metal impurities in [201Tl]TlCl injection with polarography was optimized without environmental contamination. MATERALS AND METHODS: For the detection of metal impurities, Osteryoung Square Wave Stripping Voltammetry method was used in Bio-Analytical System (BAS) 50W polarograph. The voltammetry was composed of Dropping Mercury Electrode (DME) as a working electrode, Ag/AgCl as a reference electrode and Pt wire as a counter electrode. Square wave stripping method, which makes use of formation and deformation of amalgam, was adopted to determine the metal impurities, and pH 7 phosphate buffer was used as supporting electrolyte. RESULTS: T1, Cu and Pb in thallous-201 chloride solution were detected by scanning from 300 mV to -800 mV. Calibration curves were made by using TlNO3, CuSO4 and Pb(NO3)2 as standard solutions. Tl was confirmed at -450 mV peak potential and Cu at -50 mV. Less than 2 ppm of Tl and Cu was detected and Pb was not detected in KCCH-produced thallous-201 chloride injection. CONCLUSION: Detection limit of thallium and copper is approximately 50 ppb with this method. As a result of this experiment, thallium and other metal impurities in thallous-201 chloride injection, produced at Korea Cancer Center Hospital, are in the regulation of USP and KP. Polarograph could be applied for the determination of metal impurities in the quality control of radiopharmaceuticals conveniently without environmental contamination.
Calibration ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Catharsis ; Copper ; Electrodes ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Korea ; Limit of Detection ; Metals, Heavy* ; Nausea ; Polarography* ; Quality Control ; Radiopharmaceuticals ; Thallium ; Vomiting

Rheumatic manifestations in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) are common but actual arthritis as a presenting feature appears to be very rare. We experienced a case of NHL presenting as polyarthritis in a 24-year-old woman. Eight months ago she was admitted to the hospital due to polyarthritis and skin rash. She had pleural and pericardial effusion. Antinuclear antibody was positive and rheumatoid factor was negative. Joint X-ray showed periarticular osteopenia at both knees, wrists, hands and feet. Prednisolone, salsalate and anti-tuberculosis drugs were administered under the impression of either probable lupus or rheumatoid arthritis and pleural tuberculosis. After then pleuropericardial effusion and skin rash improved. But polyarthralgia persisted and she developed right cervical lymphadenopathy. On her second admission she was found to have a round mass in left lower lung field and multiple mediastinal lymph node enlargement. Cervical lymph node biopsy revealed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. She received 8 cycles of systemic chemotherapy until 1996 July. NHL was remitted completely and polyarthralgia disappeared. We report a case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting as polyarthritis and literatures are reviewed.
Antibodies, Antinuclear ; Arthralgia ; Arthritis* ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Biopsy ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic ; Drug Therapy ; Exanthema ; Female ; Foot ; Hand ; Humans ; Joints ; Knee ; Lung ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin* ; Pericardial Effusion ; Prednisolone ; Rheumatoid Factor ; Tuberculosis, Pleural ; Wrist ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) and CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) have emerged as potential biomarkers in various human cancers. The aims of this study were to investigate the clinical characteristics of anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) patients according to the TAM numbers in the tumor tissue, and to evaluate the associations between CXCR4 expressions and macrophage densities in ATC tumor microenvironment. METHODS: Total 14 ATC samples from thyroid tissue microarray were used. Immunohistochemical staining was performed using anti-CD163 and anti-CXCR4 antibodies. According to the immunoreactivity of CD163, all subjects were divided into two groups: low-CD163 (n=8) and high-CD163 (n=6) groups. RESULTS: The mean diagnostic age was 65±7 years and the median tumor size was 4.3 cm, ranging 2.5 to 15 cm. Clinicopathological characteristics were not significantly different between low-CD163 and high-CD163 groups, while age of diagnosis was younger in high-CD163 group than that of low-CD163 group with marginal significance (56.9±5.5 years vs. 67.5±6.8 years, P=0.09). However, overall survival was significantly reduced in high-CD163 group (5.5 months [range, 1 to 10]) compared with low-CD163 groups (8.8 months [range, 6 to 121); log-rank test, P=0.0443). Moreover, high-CD163 group showed strong CXCR4 expressions in both cancer and stromal compartments, while low-CD163 group showed relatively weak, stromal-dominant CXCR4 expressions. Additionally, CD163 and CXCR4 expressions showed a strong positive correlation (γ²=0.432, P=0.013). CONCLUSION: Increased number of TAMs showed poor overall survival in ATC, suggesting TAMs are potentially a prognostic biomarker for ATC. CXCR4 expression was significantly correlated with CD163-positive TAM densities, which suggest the possible role of CXCR4 in TAM recruitments.
Antibodies ; Biomarkers ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Macrophages* ; Receptors, CXCR* ; Receptors, CXCR4* ; Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic* ; Thyroid Gland ; Tumor Microenvironment