Background: It has been reported that steroid and lidocaine reduce inflammatory responses to endotoxin. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of lidocaine with those of steroid on inflammatory responses to Escherichia coli endotoxemia in the rabbit lung. Methods: Twenty four animals were randomly assigned to one of four groups. Group I (endotoxemic group; control, n=6): They were received E. coli endotoxin (500 microg/kg) intravenously through the ear vein and followed by saline infusion at 20 ml/kg/hr for 4 hours. Group II (steroid treated group, n=6): They were treated with steroid (30 mg/kg) intravenously just after endotoxin injection and then saline was given at 20 ml/kg/hr for 4 hours. Group III (lidocaine treated group, n=6): They were received same as the endotoxemic group and lidocaine (3 mg/kg IV bolus, then continuous infusion at the rate of 2 mg/kg/hr) was administered with saline at 20 ml/kg/hr for 4 hours. Group IV (steroid & lidocaine treated group, n=6): They were received same as the endotoxemic group and after endotoxin infusion, steroid (30 mg/kg) and lidocaine (3 mg/kg IV bolus, then continuous infusion at the rate of 2 mg/kg/hr) was administered intravenously with saline. Numbers of neutrophils and monocytes in the samples of peripheral blood and lung tissue were counted and compared to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of drugs. Results: The group II, III, and IV showed significant attenuation of inflammatory responses compared to group I in the rabbit lung(P<0.05). But there were no significant differences among group II, III, and IV. There was no additive effect between steroid and lidocaine. Conclusion: These results suggest that lidocaine could be used as an alternative drug to steroid for its anti-inflammatory effects and cost-effectiveness.
Animals ; Ear ; Endotoxemia* ; Escherichia coli ; Lidocaine* ; Lung* ; Monocytes ; Neutrophils ; Veins

No abstract available.
Thanatophoric Dysplasia*

Extraskeletal chondromas are relatively uncommon benign cartilaginous tumors of the soft tissue and well known to pose a considerable diagnostic problem because of histological variations including the immature appearance of their tumor cells. Recently, we have experienced a case of extraskeletal chondroma mimicking benign chondroblastoma. The patient was a 47-year-old woman who complained of a painful subcutaneous swelling on the radial aspect of 4th proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint in the left hand for 6 months. Radiologic examination of the 4th finger revealed a 1cm-sized soft tissue mass. Histologically, the tumor was characterized by a lobulated mass which was composed of dense proliferation of chondroblast-like cells admixed with a few multinucleated giant cells of osteoclastic type. However, there were focal areas of typical chondroma which showed lace-like intense calcification around the differentiated chondrocytes.
Chondroblastoma ; Chondrocytes ; Chondroma* ; Female ; Fingers ; Giant Cells ; Hand ; Humans ; Joints ; Middle Aged ; Osteoclasts

PURPOSE: To evaluate the surgical results and complications in vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade for the treatment of proliferative diabetic reitnopathy(PDR). METHODS: Vitreous microsurgery with silicone oil tamponade was performed on 21 patients with advanced proliferative diabetic retinopathy. RESULTS: Anatomic attachment was maintained in 19 eyes(90.5%). Functional success with visual acuity 0.02 or better was found in 17 eyes(81.0%). Functional failures were caused by retinal detachment in 2 eyes and glaucoma in 2 eyes. Complications of silicone oil included cataract in 8 of 14 phakic eyes(57.1%), epiretinal proliferation in 7 of 21 eyes(33.3%), retinal detachment in 6 eyes(28.6%), silicone oil in anterior chamber in 3 eyes(14.3%), secondary glaucoma in 2 eyes(9.5%), and emulsification of silicone oil in 2 eyes(9.5%). CONCLUSION: Vitrectomy with silicone oil was highly effective in advanced proliferative diabetic retinopathy and early removal of silicone oil was recommended to reduce the complications of silicone oil.
Anterior Chamber ; Cataract ; Diabetic Retinopathy* ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Microsurgery ; Retinal Detachment ; Silicone Oils* ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical features of retinopathy in chronic hepatitis B patients treated with peginterferon. METHODS: Chronic hepatitis B patients treated with peginterferon were evaluated during regular routine ophthalmic examinations including fundus examination before and during the 1-year follow-up after treatment. A total of 88 patients were included in the study. RESULTS: Retinopathy developed in 11 (12.5%) out of 88 patients at a mean of 7 weeks after initiation of treatment. Peginterferon treatment was continued in all patients and retinal abnormalities including cotton wool spot, retinal hemorrhage and microaneurysm resolved without visual impairment. The incidence of hypertension between the retinopathy group and the group without retinopathy was significantly different (P = 0.020). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of retinopathy with peginterferon in chronic hepatitis B patients was low and the prognosis was benign. Thus, routine screening for peginterferon retinopathy is not necessary.
Follow-Up Studies ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; Hepatitis, Chronic ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Mass Screening ; Prognosis ; Retinal Hemorrhage ; Retinaldehyde ; Vision Disorders ; Wool

A total of 33 patients with infective endocarditis were observed in the Guro and Hye Hwa Hospitals of Korea University Between September, 1981 and Feb, 1987. Among thses patients four patients presented with heart murmur and heart failure and had vegetation like findings observed on the two dimensional echocardiography. But these patients did not have any fever or leukocytosis in the peripheral blood and the repeated blood cultures were negative. They showed the immunologic phenomena of infective endocarditis such as microscopic hematuria in 4 patients, rheumatoid factor in 3 patients, false positive VDRL in one patient. The serum complement was decreased in 2 patients in whom it was checked. We report these 4 patients because we think these patients might be in the clinical stage in which the infecting organism is spontaneously cleared but the immunologic sequelae are remained.
Complement System Proteins ; Echocardiography ; Endocarditis* ; Fever ; Heart Failure ; Heart Murmurs ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Korea ; Leukocytosis ; Rheumatoid Factor

We studied to establish criteria for the diameters of normal extraocular muscles, the width of the optic nerve, and the globe position by CT, and to investigate the effects of age and sex on these structures among Korean populations. Diameters of extraocular muscles, distance from the interzygomatic line to the posterior margin of the globe, width of the optic nervesheath complex, and length of the interzygomatic line were calculated for 428 normal orbit on axial and direct coronal CT images. Normal range for the diameters of extraocular muscles were medial rectus : 2.2~5.4 mm, lateral rectus: 2.1~4.9 mm, inferior rectus: 2.5~5.7 mm, and superior complex group : 2.6~6.4 mm. The mean optic nerve-sheath complex was 4.1 mm ranged from 2.9 mm to 5.3 mm, and the mean length of interzygomatic line was 103.8 mm. The normal position of the globe was 11.2 mm behind the interzygomatic line(range, 6.4~15.3 mm). The mean diameters of extraocular muscles, sum of all muscle, optic nerve-sheath complex, globe position, and the mean length of interzygomatic line were larger in males than females. However, there was no significant difference between male and female patients except interzygomatic line, and there was also no difference among the various age groups(P>0.05). Our results may help to assess enlargement of the extraocular muscles and the optic nerve as well as determining whether exophthalmos is present in a practical quantitative method.
Exophthalmos ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Muscles ; Optic Nerve ; Orbit* ; Reference Values

No abstract available.
Knee Joint* ; Knee*

Between January 1982 and September 1986, at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of Kyung Hee University Hospital, 82 total knee arthroplasties were performed in 57 patients. We studied 25 patients (50 Knees) who had been operated by bilateral total knee arthroplasties to compare one stage and two stage operations. The follow-up ranged from 10 months to 5 years and 7 months (average 1 year and 8 months). All operations were performed by one of the authors (D.K.B.), but the follow-up study and the entire medical record were independently evaluated by another authors. The clinical results of preoperative and postoperative assessments and rehabilitation processes are as follows; 1. Group I (10 patients) had both kness replaced by one stage simultaneous operation under same anesthesia, and Group II(15 patients) had replaced by two stage operation at the intervals of 2 weeks. 2. The periods required to do bilateral weight bearing were 10.3 days for Group I, 23.6 days for Group II. 3. Complications in one stage operation was no more than the in two stage operation. 4. The postoperative pain and ROM were not significantly different in both groups. 5. Using the hospital for special surgery rating system, we found the clinical results to be similar in both groups. 6. Comparing to two stage operation, the advantages of one stage operation were shorter operative and tourniquet time, lesser use of antibiotics, reduced medical cost and hospital stay. In conclusion, if patient conditions do not prevent prolonged anesthetic time and surgeons have good surgical techniques, we recommend one stage simultaneous operation in bilateral total knee replacement.
Anesthesia ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Arthroplasty ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee ; Length of Stay ; Medical Records ; Pain, Postoperative ; Rehabilitation ; Surgeons ; Tourniquets ; Weight-Bearing

From September 1983 to June 1988, the authors could experience 104 cases of meniscal injury from 99 patients by arthroscopic examination. The results of this study may be summarized as follows : 1. There were noticed 35 cases of medial meniscus tear, 35 cases of lateral discoid meniscus tear, 12 cases of intact lat discoid meniscus, 1 case of medial discoid meniscus and 3 cases of lateral meniscal cyst. 2. Most common type of meniscal tear was bucket handle type (35 cases, 34.6%). 3. Most common site of rupture was posterior horn of medial meniscus. 4. Post operative results appeared related with the type of meniscus rupture and combined pathology of knee jont. Bucket handle type rupture was of good prognosis and meniscus lesions with chondromalacia was of poor prognosis.
Animals ; Arthroscopy ; Cartilage Diseases ; Clinical Study ; Horns ; Humans ; Knee ; Menisci, Tibial ; Pathology ; Prognosis ; Rupture ; Tears