Nineteen patients with benign pancreatic disease were managed with surgical treatment in Pusan Medical Center during three years from September 1993 to September 1995 and the results were reviewed retrospectively. The results were as follows; 1) This report includes five cases of severe(hemorrhagic in one case and necrotizing in four cases) acute pancreatitis,eight cases of pancreatic inury,three cases of pancreatic pseudocyst and three cases of chronic pancreatitis. 2)The most common etiology of benign pancreatic disease, excluding pancreatic injury, was alcohol ingestion. 3)Five cases of severe acute pancreatitis were represented with more than 4 of Ranson's prognostic factors and the surgical methods refered were external drainage with debridment or necrosectomy. All were effectively managed surgically except one case of death which had more than 6 of Ranson's prognostic factors. 4)The etiology of pancreatic injury was blunt abdominal trauma in seven cases and surgical complications in one case. The sites of injury were head in three cases,body in three cases and tail in one case. The operative methods used were drainage(all cases),distal pancreatectomy(3 cases),triple ostomy(1 case) and pancreaticoduodenectomy(1 case). 5)The sites of pancreatic pseudocysts were the body in two cases, head in one case. The operative method used was as follows; excision in one case, external drainage in one case and cystojejunostomy in one case. 6)Three cases of the chronic pancreatitis were diagnosed by intraoperative findings. 7)In conclusion, the most reliable treatment for benign pancreatic disease is early surgical intervention, in order to reduce the mortality rate and complications induced by pancreatic inflammation.
Busan ; Drainage ; Eating ; Head ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Mortality ; Pancreatic Diseases* ; Pancreatic Pseudocyst ; Pancreatitis ; Pancreatitis, Chronic ; Retrospective Studies

With the global spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, several vaccines were developed; messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have recently been widely used worldwide. However, the incidence of myocarditis following mRNA vaccination is increasing;although the cause of myocarditis has not yet been clearly identified, it is presumed to be caused by a problem in the innate immune system. Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (ITP) after vaccination is rare but has been reported and is also assumed to occur by the same mechanism. We report the first case of simultaneous myocarditis and ITP after mRNA vaccination. A 38-year-old woman presented with chest pain, mild dyspnea, and sweating after vaccination with mRNA-1273 vaccine (Moderna) 4 days prior to admission.Upon admission to the emergency department, cardiac enzymes were elevated; blood test performed 5 months ago showed normal platelet count, but severe thrombocytopenia was observed upon admission. After administration of intravenous immunoglobulin, the platelet count improved; subsequently, myocarditis was observed on endomyocardial biopsy. Thus, myocarditis and ITP were judged to have occurred simultaneously due to the expression of the innate immune system markers after mRNA vaccination. The patient was discharged on day 6 of admission.

The main mechanism of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) is catecholamine-induced acute myocardial stunning. Pheochromocytoma, a catecholamine-secreting tumor, can cause several cardiovascular complications, including hypertensive crisis, myocardial infarction, toxic myocarditis, and TCM. A 29-year-old woman presented to our hospital with general weakness, vomiting, dyspnea, and chest pain. The patient was nullipara, 28 weeks’ gestation, and had a cachexic morphology. Her cardiac enzyme levels were elevated and bedside echocardiography showed apical akinesia, suggesting TCM. The next day, she could not feel the fetal movement, and an emergency cesarean section was performed. After delivery, the patient experienced cardiac arrest and was transferred to the intensive care unit for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Spontaneous circulation returned after 28 minutes of CPR, but cardiogenic shock continued, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was initiated. On the third day of ECMO maintenance, left ventricular ejection fraction improved and blood pressure stabilized. On the eighth day after ECMO insertion, it was removed. However, complications of the left leg vessels occurred, and several surgeries and interventions were performed. A left adrenal gland mass was found on computed tomography and was removed while repairing the leg vessels. Pheochromocytoma was diagnosed and left adrenalectomy was performed.

The main mechanism of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) is catecholamine-induced acute myocardial stunning. Pheochromocytoma, a catecholamine-secreting tumor, can cause several cardiovascular complications, including hypertensive crisis, myocardial infarction, toxic myocarditis, and TCM. A 29-year-old woman presented to our hospital with general weakness, vomiting, dyspnea, and chest pain. The patient was nullipara, 28 weeks’ gestation, and had a cachexic morphology. Her cardiac enzyme levels were elevated and bedside echocardiography showed apical akinesia, suggesting TCM. The next day, she could not feel the fetal movement, and an emergency cesarean section was performed. After delivery, the patient experienced cardiac arrest and was transferred to the intensive care unit for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Spontaneous circulation returned after 28 minutes of CPR, but cardiogenic shock continued, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was initiated. On the third day of ECMO maintenance, left ventricular ejection fraction improved and blood pressure stabilized. On the eighth day after ECMO insertion, it was removed. However, complications of the left leg vessels occurred, and several surgeries and interventions were performed. A left adrenal gland mass was found on computed tomography and was removed while repairing the leg vessels. Pheochromocytoma was diagnosed and left adrenalectomy was performed.

The main mechanism of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) is catecholamine-induced acute myocardial stunning. Pheochromocytoma, a catecholamine-secreting tumor, can cause several cardiovascular complications, including hypertensive crisis, myocardial infarction, toxic myocarditis, and TCM. A 29-year-old woman presented to our hospital with general weakness, vomiting, dyspnea, and chest pain. The patient was nullipara, 28 weeks’ gestation, and had a cachexic morphology. Her cardiac enzyme levels were elevated and bedside echocardiography showed apical akinesia, suggesting TCM. The next day, she could not feel the fetal movement, and an emergency cesarean section was performed. After delivery, the patient experienced cardiac arrest and was transferred to the intensive care unit for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Spontaneous circulation returned after 28 minutes of CPR, but cardiogenic shock continued, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was initiated. On the third day of ECMO maintenance, left ventricular ejection fraction improved and blood pressure stabilized. On the eighth day after ECMO insertion, it was removed. However, complications of the left leg vessels occurred, and several surgeries and interventions were performed. A left adrenal gland mass was found on computed tomography and was removed while repairing the leg vessels. Pheochromocytoma was diagnosed and left adrenalectomy was performed.

The main mechanism of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) is catecholamine-induced acute myocardial stunning. Pheochromocytoma, a catecholamine-secreting tumor, can cause several cardiovascular complications, including hypertensive crisis, myocardial infarction, toxic myocarditis, and TCM. A 29-year-old woman presented to our hospital with general weakness, vomiting, dyspnea, and chest pain. The patient was nullipara, 28 weeks’ gestation, and had a cachexic morphology. Her cardiac enzyme levels were elevated and bedside echocardiography showed apical akinesia, suggesting TCM. The next day, she could not feel the fetal movement, and an emergency cesarean section was performed. After delivery, the patient experienced cardiac arrest and was transferred to the intensive care unit for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Spontaneous circulation returned after 28 minutes of CPR, but cardiogenic shock continued, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was initiated. On the third day of ECMO maintenance, left ventricular ejection fraction improved and blood pressure stabilized. On the eighth day after ECMO insertion, it was removed. However, complications of the left leg vessels occurred, and several surgeries and interventions were performed. A left adrenal gland mass was found on computed tomography and was removed while repairing the leg vessels. Pheochromocytoma was diagnosed and left adrenalectomy was performed.

PURPOSE: With feasibility in the diagnoses of congenital heart disease (CHD) in the antenatal period, we suspect changes have occurred in its incidence. No data have been reported about the current incidence of simple forms of CHD in Korea. We have attempted to assess the recent incidence and characteristics of CHD in the neonatal care unit of a secondary referral medical center. METHODS: Medical records of 497 neonatal care unit patients who underwent echocardiography in the past 5 years were reviewed. Pre-term infants with patent ductus arteriosus and other transient, minimal lesions were excluded from this study. RESULTS: Although the number of inpatients remained stable, the incidence of simple forms of CHD showed a gradual decrease over the 5-year study period; a markedly low incidence of complex forms was seen as well. CHD was observed in 3.7% full-term and 6.8% pre-term infants. CHD was observed in 152 infants weighing >2,500 g (3.5% of corresponding birth weight infants); 65 weighing 1,000 to 2,500 g (9.3%); and 6 weighing <1,000 g (8.0%). The incidence of CHD was higher in the pre-term group and the low birth weight group than in each corresponding subgroup (P<0.001); however, the incidence of complex CHD in full-term neonates was high. The number of patients with extracardiac structural anomalies has also shown a gradual decrease every year for the past 5 years. CONCLUSION: Findings from our study suggest that the recent incidence and disease pattern of CHD might have changed for both complex and simple forms of CHD in Korea.
Birth Weight ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Echocardiography ; Heart ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Inpatients ; Korea ; Medical Records ; Referral and Consultation

PURPOSE: Intravenous immune globulin(IVIG) as a treatment for the Kawasaki disease (KD) has reduced the coronary complications. But, some patients suffer from coronary complication despite early IVIG infusion, and it is difficult to discriminate the susceptible patients in the acute phase. It is also challenging to decide additional therapy in cases showing fever after IVIG therapy. We investigated the relationship between intervals from the onset of fever to the day of peak laboratory values and coronary complications. METHODS: We reviewed the charts of KD patients with coronary aneurysm(group A, n=13) and without aneurysm(group B, n=35). All patients got IVIG therapy early in the acute phase and additional therapy in cases fever recurred. We counted the days from onset of fever to the peak level of acute phase reactants and analyzed the differences between two groups with t-test. RESULTS: In the comparison of two groups, the mean intervals from the onset of fever to peak CRP level was 9.23+/-4.71 days in group A, 6.63+/-2.47 days in group B. The mean intervals to peak ESR was 13.31+/-7.06 days in group A, 8.37+/-3.01 days in group B. The mean intervals to highest platelets counts was 14.62+/-4.96 days in group A, 11.14+/-3.59 days in group B. All of these results showed statistically significant differences. CONCLUSION: Our results show that the KD patients with coronary aneurysm have longer intervals between the onset of fever to day of peak acute reactants in spite of the aggressive treatment than those without aneurysm. So, in cases of KD with relapsing fever in spite of IVIG and the acute reactants are in the course of increment, additional immune modulation therapy and short term follow ups with echocardiography would be needed.
Acute-Phase Proteins ; Aneurysm ; Coronary Aneurysm ; Echocardiography ; Fever ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome* ; Relapsing Fever

Scrub typhus is an acute febrile illness caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi that is characterized by focal or disseminated vasculitis and perivasculitis. Scrub typhus can have fatal complications, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, and acute kidney injury. However, there are few reports of fatal myocarditis caused by scrub typhus. We present a case of acute fatal myocarditis combined with acute kidney injury complicating scrub typhus.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Myocarditis* ; Orientia tsutsugamushi ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; Scrub Typhus* ; Shock, Septic ; Vasculitis

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that induces antitumor activity against certain types of cancers. However, little information is available regarding the immunologic mechanisms that regulate these effects. For this purpose, C57BL/6 mice were administered either the T. gondii Me49 strain orally or Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells intramuscularly. Survival rates, tumor size, histopathology, and immune responses were determined for each group, and angiogenesis was evaluated by in vivo Matrigel plug assay. Toxoplasma-infected (TG-injected) mice survived the entire experimental period, whereas cancer cell-bearing (LLC-injected) mice died within six weeks. Mice injected with both T. gondii and cancer cells (TG/LLC-injected group) showed significantly increased survival rates, CD8+ T-cell percentages, IFN-gamma mRNA expression levels, serum IgG2a titers, and CTL responses as compared to the LLC-injected mice. In addition, angiogenesis in the TG/LLC-injected mice was notably inhibited. These effects in TG/LCC-injected mice were similar or were increased by the addition of an adjuvant, Quil-A. However, TG/LLC-injected mice showed decreased percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, IFN-gamma mRNA expression levels, and serum IgG1 and IgG2a titers as compared to TG-injected mice. Taken together, our results demonstrate that T. gondii infection inhibits tumor growth in the Lewis lung carcinoma mouse model through the induction of Th1 immune responses and antiangiogenic activity.
Animals ; Base Sequence ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/blood supply/genetics/immunology/*therapy ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; DNA Primers/genetics ; Female ; Immunoglobulin G/blood ; Immunotherapy/*methods ; Interferon-gamma/genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Th1 Cells/*immunology ; Toxoplasma/*immunology