No abstract available.
Lymphoma* ; Pseudolymphoma*

BACKGROUND: Although a laparoscopic cholecystectomy results in less pain than an open cholecystectomy, it is not a pain-free procedure. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine whether perioperative intravenous lidocaine would reduce postoperative pain after a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODS: Fifty patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were divided into two groups; a lidocaine group, in which patients were injected with a lidocaine bolus (1.5 mg/kg) and infusion (1.5 mg/kg/h); and a control group, in which patients were injected with the same volume of saline bolus and infusion. Intravenous lidocaine was initiated before anesthesia was administered and continued for 1 hour postoperatively. The intensity of abdominal and shoulder pain was then assessed 1, 6, 12 and 24 hours after surgery and recorded using a visual analog pain score (VAS) and verbal rating score (VRS). RESULTS: The abdominal pain score (VAS and VRS) was significantly lower in the lidocaine group than in the control group at all times evaluated during the first 24 hours after surgery (P < 0.05). In addition, the shoulder pain score and incidence were significantly lower in the lidocaine group than the control group at 12 hours and 24 hours after surgery (P < 0.05). In the lidocaine group, the incidences of epigastric, right flank, and back pain were lower than that of the control group, but these differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Perioperative intravenous lidocaine reduces shoulder and abdominal pain for 24 hours after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Abdominal Pain ; Anesthesia ; Back Pain ; Cholecystectomy ; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lidocaine ; Oxalates ; Pain, Postoperative ; Shoulder ; Shoulder Pain

Although the incidence and mortality for most cancers such as lung and colon are decreasing in several countries, they are increasing in several developed countries because of an unhealthy western lifestyles including smoking, physical inactivity and consumption of calorie-dense food. The incidences for lung and colon cancers in a few of these countries have already exceeded those in the United States and other western countries. Among them, lung cancer is the main cause of cancer death in worldwide. The cumulative survival rate at five years differs between 13 and 21 % in several countries. Although the most important risk factors are smoking for lung cancer, however, the increased incidence of lung cancer in never smokers(LCINS) is necessary to improve knowledge concerning other risk factors. Environmental factors and genetic susceptibility are also thought to contribute to lung cancer risk. Patients with lung adenocarcinoma who have never smoking frequently contain mutation within tyrosine kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) gene. Also, K-ras mutations are more common in individuals with a history of smoking use and are related with resistance to EFGR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Recently, radon(Rn), natural and noble gas, has been recognized as second common reason of lung cancer. In this review, we aim to know whether residential radon is associated with an increased risk for developing lung cancer and regulated by several genetic polymorphisms.
Adenocarcinoma ; Colon ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Developed Countries ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Incidence ; Life Style ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Mortality ; Phosphotransferases ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Radon* ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Survival Rate ; United States

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BACKGROUND: Intravenous injection of mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells (MSCs, HSCs) has the disadvantages of low delivery rate to bone marrow and sequestration of cells in the lung and liver. This study was designed to determine whether there is a relationship between the administration route and dosage of stem cells and GVHD and survival. METHODS: MSCs were retrieved from five subcultured C3H/10T1/2, cell lines from C3H/He mice. HSCs were transplanted by injecting 1 x 10(7) of bone marrow mononuclear cells and 5 x 10(6) of spleen cells from six to eight week old female C3H/He mice into six week old irradiated female BALB/c mice. The groups were divided into intravenous injection (IV) and intra-marrow (IM) injection groups. IV and IM+MSC groups consisted of mice transplanted with the same bone marrow mononuclear cells and SP, IV and IM groups, with the additional co-injection of 1 x 10(6) MSCs. RESULTS: Evaluation of all mice, in both groups, showed no difference in GVHD and survival. However, high dose injection with 1 x 10(6) MSCs led to a decreased incidence of GVHD (P<0.05) and improved survival (P<0.01) in both groups. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that the positive effects of MSC on GVHD and survival were primarily dependent on the number of injected cells.
Animals ; Bone Marrow ; Cell Line ; Female ; Graft vs Host Disease* ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation* ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Injections, Intravenous ; Liver ; Lung ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells* ; Mice ; Spleen ; Stem Cells ; Transplants*

The enhanced process of proteolysis of both the basement membrane and the stromal extracelluar matrix (ECM) contributes to the escape of breast cancer cells into the neighboring tissues, eventually leading to the formation of distant metastases. A group of enzymes thought to play a role in tumor cell invasion are the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Much attention has been focused on MMP-2 and MMP-9, which are 2 members of the MMP family active against collagen of the basement membrane. The enzymatic activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 are inhibited by the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). TIMP-2, one member of TIMPs, inhibits MMP-2 and MMP-9. The imbalance between TIMPs and MMPs permits to tumor invasion and metastasis. Theretore, TIMPs constitute promising targets in the developmemt of anticancer terapies. Immunohistological stainings of MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-2 were performed on paraffin-embedded tissue sections of 31 invasive breast carcinomas. MMP-2 and MMP-9 were associated with neoplastic cell cytoplasms in 65% of the cases and exhibited inter-tumoral variability of the staining intensity. The MMP-2 and MMP-9 stainings did not correlate with presence of metastases at time of diagnosis. TIMP-2 was detected in the peri-tumoral stroma and was present in 81% of the cases. Residual benign breast tissue was negative for TIMP-2 staining. Neoplasms with diffuse TIMP-2 staining (32%) have metastasis significantly more frequently (50% metastasis) than ceses with focal (20% metastasis) or absent (0% metastasis) TIMP-2. We conclude that the clinical outcome such as metastasis is more closely related to the presence of TIMP-2 than the corresponding MMPs. Enhanced TIMP-2 expression, therefore, may denote a stromal response to tumor invasion, indicative of aggressive behavior in the subset breast carcinoma.
Basement Membrane ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Collagen ; Cytoplasm ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinases ; Metalloproteases ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Proteolysis ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 ; United Nations

PURPOSE: To evaluate the correlation between the expression of TIMP-2 (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-2) and negative lymph node involvement of colon and gastric carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 26 cases (13 each) of gastric and colon carcinoma specimens along with dissected lymph nodes by immunohistochemical staining to investigate the correlation of the expression of TIMP-2. Lymph nodes involvement by CT scan was defined by size criteria and the presence of central low density. RESULTS: Eight cases with positive lymph node involvement by CT scan showed weak expression of TIMP-2. Ten cases with positive lymph node involvement had weak expression of TIMP-2. Among eight cases with strong expression of TIMP-2 7 patients were negative by radiologic exam. Good correlation between strong TIMP-2 expression and negative lymph node involvement by CT scan was found (<0.05). CONCLUSION: As the expression of TIMP-2 had a good correlation with radiologic involvement of lymph nodes, the study of expression of TIMP-2 in patients with stomach and colon carcinoma might be helpful in planning surgery and predicting the prognosis.
Colon* ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Prognosis ; Stomach ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUND: Postoperative sore throat (POST) is a relatively common complication after endotracheal intubation, and various methods has been proposed to prevent it. In the present study, we assessed the effectiveness of ketamine gargling for reducing POST. METHODS: This study was conducted in a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, and single-blinded manner. The study populations consisted of 40 patients between 20 and 60 years old who were classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-II and were scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Patients in group K received ketamine (1 ml, 50 mg) in normal saline (29 ml), and they gargled with the given solution for 30 s before induction. Patients in group C received normal saline (30 ml) and gargled it for 30 s before induction. All patients were interviewed 1, 6, and 24 h after the operation. The visual analog scale (VAS) score of POST was checked. RESULTS: The VAS scores of POST were significantly lower in group K than in group C at 1 and 6 h after the operation. However, there were no significant differences in VAS scores at 24 h after the operation. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative ketamine gargling temporarily reduced POST in patients that underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal* ; Ketamine* ; Pharyngitis* ; Prospective Studies ; Visual Analog Scale

PURPOSE: Resection of the bowel or solid organs may be required for pelvic tumor surgery. The present study was performed to assess combined surgical procedures and determine the role of the general surgeon in gynecologic oncology surgery METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of 135 patients with gynecologic malignancy who underwent a combined operation with a general surgeon between January 2000 and December 2005 at Asan Medical Center. The purpose of the combined operation was categorized into 3 groups: a tumor debulking operation, a resolution of intraoperative complications by a gynecologic surgeon, or an intraoperative diagnostic change. RESULTS: The incidence of combined operations for debulking, resolution of intraoperative complications, and intraoperative diagnostic changes were 103 cases (76.3%), 22 cases (16.3%), and 10 cases (7.4%), respectively. Ovarian cancer was the most common gynecologic malignancy (74.1%) and the rate of a combined operation with a general surgeon in ovarian cancer was 18.5% during the time period. Colorectal resection was the most common procedure by a colorectal surgeon (61.5%). Twenty four patients (17.8%) experienced postoperative complications, including ileus, wound infection, pancreas leakage, and stomal necrosis, with no significant differences according to the purpose of combined operation, pathologic diagnosis, or bowel preparation. The rate of a preoperative consultation to a general surgeon by gynecologic surgeons in cases with colorectal or solid organ invasion preoperatively was 53.2%. CONCLUSION: A general surgeon is an important consultant in a debulking operation of gynecologic malignancies, especially ovarian cancer, or treatment of complications. Thorough preoperative evaluation, bowel preparation, and preoperative consultation to a general surgeon is important in gynecologic oncology surgery.
Consultants ; Humans ; Ileus ; Incidence ; Intraoperative Complications ; Necrosis ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Pancreas ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Wound Infection

PURPOSE: Mitochondrial diseases are clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders, which make their exact diagnosis and classification difficult. The purpose of this study was to identify pathogenic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in 2 Korean families with myoclonic epilepsy with ragged-red fibers (MERRF) and Leigh syndrome, respectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Whole mtDNAs were sequenced by the method of mtDNA-targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS). RESULTS: Two causative mtDNA mutations were identified from the NGS data. An m.8344A>G mutation in the tRNA-Lys gene (MT-TK ) was detected in a MERRF patient (family ID: MT132), and an m.9176T>C (p.Leu217Pro) mutation in the mitochondrial ATP6 gene (MT-ATP6) was detected in a Leigh syndrome patient (family ID: MT130). Both mutations, which have been reported several times before in affected individuals, were not found in the control samples. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that mtDNA-targeted NGS will be helpful for the molecular diagnosis of genetically heterogeneous mitochondrial diseases with complex phenotypes.
Classification ; Diagnosis ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; Humans ; Leigh Disease* ; MERRF Syndrome* ; Mitochondrial Diseases ; Phenotype