A retrospective study of 46 patients with primary superficial bladder tumor was performed to identify the prognostic parameters which affect tumor recurrence. We examined 4 parameters such as stage, grade, size and number of tumor and each parameter was compared with recurrence rate respectively. The recurrence rate of stage Ta and T1 within 2 years was 33.3 % and 71% (p<0.05) and that of grade I, II and III was 40%, 60% and 100% respectively(p<0.05). Tumor recurrence was observed in 44% of patients with single tumor, 76.2% of those with multifocal tumors(p>0.05) and tumor size had no effect on tumor recurrence(p>0.06). Early recurrence rate within 1 year of grade I, II and III was 20%, 32% and 100% respectively(p< 0.01 ) but stage, number of tumor and tumor size were not correlated significantly with early recurrence rate within 1 year. A separate evaluation of the 4 parameters showed that stage and grade have a significant influence on tumor recurrence. Therefore more aggressive therapy and intensive follow-up should be considered for patients with high stage and high grade tumors.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Recurrence* ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

No abstract available.
Decompression* ; Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament*

Fiberoptic bronchoscopy is a valuable diagnostic and therapeutic procedure in many clinical situations and is relatively simple to perform with proper technique. Local anesthetic technique is often preferable to general anesthesia for bronchoscopies since these examinations are mostly undertaken as outpatient procedures. Inhaled topical lidocaine, used to produce anesthesia of the repiratory tract prior to bronchoscopy, may cause anaphylactoid reaction in patients. However lidocaine hypersensitivity reaction is uncommon. We report the case of death due to hypersensitivity to topical lidocaine spray given during routine premedication for this procedure. The possibility of bronchospasm secondary to an adverse reaction to premedication or anesthesia must also be considered.
Anaphylaxis* ; Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, General ; Bronchial Spasm ; Bronchoscopy* ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Lidocaine* ; Outpatients ; Premedication

A case of anencephaly associatied with twin pregnancy that delivered by primary lo-wer flap transverse cesarean section at 35-weeks of gestation is presented with brief revi-ew of literatures.
Anencephaly* ; Cesarean Section ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Twin*

Understanding the development of a skull deformity requires an understanding of the normal morphogenesis of the cranium. Craniosynostosis is the premature, pathologic ossification of one or more cranial sutures leading to skull deformities. A review of the English medical literature using textbooks and standard search engines was performed to gather information about the prenatal development and growth of the cranial vault of the neurocranium. A process of morphogenic sequencing begins during prenatal development and growth, continues postnatally, and contributes to the basis for the differential manner of growth of cranial vault bones. This improved knowledge might facilitate comprehension of the pathophysiology of craniosynostosis.
Comprehension ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Cranial Sutures ; Craniosynostoses ; Embryonic Development ; Female ; Growth and Development* ; Morphogenesis ; Ossification, Heterotopic ; Pregnancy ; Search Engine ; Skull

Authors report the clinical study on the usefulness of thyrotropin-releasing hormone tartrate(TRH-T) in the treatment of mild disturbance of consciousness. 20 patients suffering head trauma, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and intracerebral hemorrhage were given TRH-T intravenously for ten days. TRH-T was effective for the patients in whom the consciousness disturbance was mild, the duration in fixed consciousness level was short, and the brain was not distorted on CT scan. These features were most prominent in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Three was no significant side effect, and TRH-T turned out to be safe.
Brain ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Consciousness* ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Humans ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

The authors analyzed 240 patients with obstructive cerebrovascular disease including 11 patients with moyamoya disease, who had been admitted to Seoul National University Hospital during the recent two years. The results were as following ; 1) The male to female ratio was 1.4:1 and majority of patients was in fifth decade or over. 2) The most common neurological finding was hemiparesis and 58.8% of the patients were alert. 3) 32.8% of the ischemic stroke patients excluding moyamoya disease had past history of previous ischemic attack. 4) The commonly associated diseases were hypertension and cardiac disease. 5) Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly increased and HDL-cholesterol level was decreased. 6) Excluding moyamoya disease, middle cerebral artery territory and basal ganglia including internal capsule are prevalent site of lesion by computed tomographic scan. 7) Computed tomographic finding of moyamoya disease was mostly ischemic one, 63.6% were atrophic and 27.3% were infarcted.
Basal Ganglia ; Cholesterol ; Female ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Internal Capsule ; Male ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Moyamoya Disease ; Paresis ; Seoul ; Stroke ; Triglycerides

This report presents an analysis of 49 patients with metastatic spinal cord tumors who were admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital from November 1957 to August 1978. During this period, there were 220 cases of spinal cord tumors of which 22.3% was metastatic in origin. The results are as following: 1) The ratio of male to female was 31:18 and 36 cases(74%) were above the age of 40 year. 2) The most frequent site of primary malignancy was lung and the nexts were G-I tract, uterus, brain, kidney, thyroid and liver in order. 3) The most frequent site of spinal cord involvement was thoracic and the nexts were lumber and cervical in order. 4) Pain was the most frequent symptom and the nexts were moter dysfunction, sensory change, sphincter disturbance in order. 5) The duration from the onset of spinal cord compression symptoms to the date of admission was within two months in 21 cases and generally short. 6) The location of metastatic spinal cord tumors was nearly extradural. 7) Total protein level in CSF of the metastatic spinal cord tumors were raised beyond the normal level(Mean value:271 mg per 100 ml). 8) The result of treatment was better in the cases with laminectomy and radiation therapy than the case with laminectomy only or radiation therapy only.
Brain ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; Laminectomy ; Liver ; Lung ; Male ; Neurosurgery ; Seoul ; Spinal Cord Compression ; Spinal Cord Neoplasms* ; Spinal Cord* ; Thyroid Gland ; Uterus

BACKGROUND: Chronic suppurative otitis media is one of the most common disease in the otolaryngologic field. It is important to choose of antibiotics in the management of chronic suppurative otitis media. OBJECTIVES: Bacteriologic studies can make it possible to use appropriate antibiotics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The bacteriologic study was made on 98 cases of chronic suppurative otitis media who visited the department of otolaryngology, Dae Dong Hospital in Pusan from Nov. 1989 to Dec. 1995 and the following results were obtained. RESULTS: 1) In 90 cases in which pathogenic organism was isolated, single infection was 81 cases(90%) and mixed infection was 9 cases(10%). 2) The most frequent pathogenic organism was Staphylococcus(46.5%) and Proteus(16.1%), Pseudomonas(14.1%), Providencia(10.1%) were the next. 3) In the aspect of the sensitivity to antibiotics, Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxon and Amikacin were sensitive drug generally. 4) Staphylococcus was sensitive to Vancomycin and Ciprofloxacin. 5) Proteus was sensitive to Amikacin, Ciprofloxacin, and Ceftriaxon. 6) Pseudomonas was sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, Amikacin and Piperacin. 7) Providencia was sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxon, Amikacin and Piperacin. 8) Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus(MRSA) was 19 Strains(45.5%). CONCLUSION: Recently, pathologic strain and it's sensitivity to antibiotics has changed. So, we recommand that periodic bacteriologic study and sensitivity test should be done for effective management of chronic otitis media.
Amikacin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteriology ; Busan ; Ceftriaxone ; Ciprofloxacin ; Coinfection ; Methicillin Resistance ; Otitis Media ; Otitis Media, Suppurative* ; Otolaryngology ; Proteus ; Providencia ; Pseudomonas ; Staphylococcus ; Vancomycin

It has been widely accepted that the detachable balloon catheter technique is the treatement of choice in thecarotid-cavernous fistula and in the unclippable giant aneurysm at the cavernous or petrous portion of theinternal carotid artery. The authors successfully treated one case of the carotid-carvernous fistula and one caseof giant aneurys, located in petrous portion of the internal carotid artery using Debrun's latex datachableballoon catheter technique. In thecase with carotid-cavernous fistula, the only fistula was occluded with adetachable balloon, presserving the intrenal carotid artery. In the aneurysm case, both internal carotid arteryand aneurysm itself were completely occluded with 3 latex detachable balloons. Both patients have nocomplications. The authors will describe and discuss the Debrun's latex detachable balloon catheter technique.
Aneurysm ; Carotid Arteries ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Catheters ; Fistula ; Humans ; Latex