Apocrine hidrocystoma is an uncommon benign tumor derived from the secretory segment of apocrine sweat glands and another name for it is apocrine cystadenoma. A 48-year-old female patient had a solitary, translucent red-brownish cystic nodule, 10 × 6 × 7mm in size, on the periorbital area of her left eye. The lesion had enlarged very slowly for 25 years. We excised the lesion and identified it as apocrine hidrocystoma. This is a case of apocrine hidrocystoma with typical clinical and histopathological findings.
Cystadenoma ; Female ; Hidrocystoma* ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Sweat Glands

PURPOSE: This study focused on in vitro cell differentiation and surface characteristics in a magnesium coated titanium surface implanted on using a plasma ion source. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 40 commercially made pure titanium discs were prepared to produce Ti oxide machined surface (M) and Mg-incorporated Ti oxide machined surface (MM). Surface properties were analyzed using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). On each surface, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, alizarin red S staining for mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells, and quantitative analysis of osteoblastic gene expression, were evaluated. Actin ring formation assay and gene expression analysis of TRAP and GAPDH performing RT-PCR were performed to characterize osteoclast differentiation on mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs). RESULTS: MM showed similar surface morphology and surface roughness with M, but was slightly smoother after ion implantation at the micron scale. M was more hydrophobic than MM. No significant difference between surfaces on ALP activity at 7 and 14 days were observed. Real-time PCR analyses showed similar levels of mRNA expression of the osteoblast phenotype genes; osteopontin (OPN), osteocalcin (OCN), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and collagen 1 (Col 1) in cell grown on MM at 7, 14 and 21 days. Alizarin red S staining at 21 days showed no significant difference. BMMs differentiation increased in M and MM. Actin ring formation assay and gene expression analysis of TRAP showed osteoclast differentiation to be more active on MM. CONCLUSION: Both M and MM have a good effect on osteoblastic cell differentiation, but MM may speed the bone remodeling process by activating on osteoclast differentiation.
Actins ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Animals ; Bone Remodeling ; Cell Differentiation ; Collagen ; Gene Expression ; Integrin-Binding Sialoprotein ; Macrophages ; Magnesium* ; Mice ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Osteoblasts* ; Osteocalcin ; Osteoclasts* ; Osteopontin ; Phenotype ; Plasma ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger ; Surface Properties ; Titanium*

BACKGROUND: Laser resurfacing has beneficial effects for the treatment of several skin conditions. Recently, the pulsed erbium:YAG laser has been shown to be a highly effective treatment for several kinds of pitted facial scars. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of pulsed erbium:YAG laser skin resurfacing at the setting of low or high energy for pitted acne scars. METHODS: 65 patients with pitted acne scars were included in this study. All patients had skin types III or IV. All patients were instructed to use tretinoin cream 0.05% nightly for 2-4 weeks prior to the laser treatment. The pulsed erbium:YAG laser with a 2 mm handpiece at the setting of 500 mJ/pulse, 3.5-5 W in 45 patients and 1,000 mJ/pulse, 7-10 W in 20 patients was used. Two weeks after laser treatment, topical application of hydroquinone 4%, tretinoin 0.05%, and hydrocortisone 1% cream was recommended for 2-4 weeks. Facial photographs were obtained at baseline and 2 week intervals postoperatively. The results of treatment were evaluated for the changes of skin texture and color at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. RESULTS: In 45 cases treated with 500 mJ/pulse energy, pitted acne scars were improved about 46.7 % on average and no erythema and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation was observed after 6 months. In 20 cases treated with 1,000 mJ/pulse energy, pitted acne scars were improved about 64% on average and erythema in two patients and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation in one patient were observed after 6 months. CONCLUSION: The results of laser treatment for pitted facial acne scars at the setting of high energy are better than those of laser treatment at the setting of low energy.
Acne Vulgaris* ; Cicatrix* ; Erbium* ; Erythema ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone ; Hyperpigmentation ; Lasers, Solid-State* ; Skin ; Tretinoin

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a systemic disorder which has frequent involvement of gastrointestinal tract. Non specific symptoms such as anorexia, nausea, diarrhea and abdominal pain are well known symptoms when the gastrointestinal tract is involved. The most feared gastrointestinal complication of systemic lupus erythematosus is lupus enteritis. The pathological change in lupus enteritis is usually a result of mesenteric vasculitis. Major complications such as intestinal bleeding and perforation may occur and sometimes result in sugery. Because of high mortality rate in case of major complications, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment is very important. We experienced three patients with lupus enteritis who presented with severe abdominal pain and dirrhea. They were diagnosed by characteristic radiographical findings of small bowel series and barium study. All radiographical findings has been resolved completely with the steroid therapy. Conclusively we can induce complete remission by steroid therapy alone, if we diagnose lupus enteritis in the early period of disease course.
Abdominal Pain ; Anorexia ; Barium ; Diarrhea ; Early Diagnosis ; Enteritis* ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; Mortality ; Nausea ; Vasculitis

The 32 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder underwent flow cytometric analysis or nuclei extracted from paraffin-embedded archival material and isolated nuclei were stained with propidium iodide. The results were summarized as follows : 1. Or the 32 blocks, 8 cases showed the diploid pattern and 24 cases showed the aneuploid pattern in DNA histogram. The incidence of aneuploid pattern increased in proportion to rising the grade and stage of the tumor. 2. The flow cytometric results of cell cycle between diploid and aneuploid group were significant different(p<0.05 ) 3. Subsequent progression in clinical status was seen in 1/8 patients in the diploid group and 11/ 24 patients in the aneuploid group. On the basis of the results, it is suggested that the flow cytometric DNA analysis may be correlated with stage, grade and progression of the tumor. But many variable factors are present while results of the flow cytometry are confirmed, that can make it confusing to interpret the results. For more objective and reliable outcomes further investigation will be demeaned.
Aneuploidy ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Cell Cycle ; Diploidy ; DNA ; Flow Cytometry* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Propidium ; Urinary Bladder*

PURPOSE: Mutation of the p53 gene in one of the most common genetic abnormalities found in solid human tumors. p53 gene is related to the cell cycle and concerned with the control of cellular proliferation or cell death by mediating ?programmed cell death (Apoptosis)?. The objective of this study is to evauate the expression of p53 mutations and apoptosis with metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined 31 paraffin-embedded tissues and compared with the tumor grade, survival estimates. Nuclear expression of p53 could be detected using the monoclonal antibody DO-7 and the expression of apoptosis could be detected using Apotag by in situ hybridization method. The study group was divided by Gleason sum score into low score group (score 2-7, 16cases) and high score group (score 8-10, 15cases). RESULTS: Positive staining for p53 was found in three of sixteen low score group(19%), eight of fifteen high grade group(53%). Diffuse(>20%) staining was considered as positive for p53 expression. Positive expression of p53 showed more frequent in high Gleason score group than low score group(p=0.044). And more expression for p53 was related to more short survival time than negative p53 group(p=0.041). Mean expression for apoptosis in thirty one cases was 32%. In low Gleason score group mean expression for apoptosis was 35% and 28% was found in high Gleason score group. No significant relationship between low and high group in expressing for apoptosis(p=0.2526). No difference was found for survival time between two groups(p=0.96). And no specific relationship was found between the expression of p53 and apoptosis in low and high Gleason score group each other(p=0.275). CONCLUSIONS: p53 mutations play an important role as aggressive biological properties in the metastatic prostate cancer in relation to Gleason grade. Therefore we might use the extent of p53 expression as an usuful prognostic factor in clinical aspects. But the expression of apoptosis cannot reveal any specific features with tumor grade, survival time.
Adenocarcinoma ; Apoptosis* ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Death ; Cell Proliferation ; Genes, p53 ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization ; Negotiating ; Neoplasm Grading ; Prostatic Neoplasms*

No abstract available.
Decompression* ; Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament*

No abstract available.
Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Spine*

Spontaneous renal rupture is relatively uncommon entity. In Korean literature, 8 cases have been reported. We experienced 1 case of spontaneous renal rupture secondary to hydronephrosis caused by metastatic adenocarcinoma of undetermined origin invading upper ureter and presented it with a brief review of literature.
Adenocarcinoma ; Hydronephrosis ; Kidney* ; Rupture ; Rupture, Spontaneous* ; Ureter