Primary hypomagnesemia is a rare inherited disorder and it is considered to be due to either a defect in the intestinal transport of magnesium or a defect in renal tubular transport. It is important to measure the urinary excretion of magnesium to differentiate the causes of magnesium deficiency. We report here an one-month-old female infant of primary hypomagnesemia who presented generalized tonic-clonic seizures. She had hypomagnesemia(<1.5mg/dL) and several seizure attacks but normal magnesium creatinine ratio in random urine and normal magnesium excretion in 24-hour urine. Continuous oral magnesium supplementation was necessary to avoid the recurrence of symptoms and maintain serum rnagnesium levels.
Creatinine ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Magnesium ; Magnesium Deficiency ; Recurrence ; Seizures

Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial tissue, e.g. gland and stroma, outside the uterus. Extrapelvic endometriosis is a rare condition but it occurrs in the gastrointestinal tract, kidney, pancreas, umbilicus, perianal area, abdominal scar tissue, lung or central nervous system except spleen. We have experienced a case of extrapelvic endometriosis in an adolescent girl, who complained of severe left upper quadrant abdominal pain and vomiting. The lesion was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography and computerized tomography, and confirmed histologically by exploratory laparotomy and mass excision biopsy. During menstration after surgery, she had no complaint of abdominal pain nor dysmenorrhea. We report this case with a review of associated literature.
Abdominal Pain* ; Adolescent* ; Biopsy ; Central Nervous System ; Cicatrix ; Dysmenorrhea ; Endometriosis* ; Female ; Female* ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Kidney ; Laparotomy ; Lung ; Pancreas ; Spleen ; Ultrasonography ; Umbilicus ; Uterus ; Vomiting

It has been widely accepted that the detachable balloon catheter technique is the treatement of choice in thecarotid-cavernous fistula and in the unclippable giant aneurysm at the cavernous or petrous portion of theinternal carotid artery. The authors successfully treated one case of the carotid-carvernous fistula and one caseof giant aneurys, located in petrous portion of the internal carotid artery using Debrun's latex datachableballoon catheter technique. In thecase with carotid-cavernous fistula, the only fistula was occluded with adetachable balloon, presserving the intrenal carotid artery. In the aneurysm case, both internal carotid arteryand aneurysm itself were completely occluded with 3 latex detachable balloons. Both patients have nocomplications. The authors will describe and discuss the Debrun's latex detachable balloon catheter technique.
Aneurysm ; Carotid Arteries ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Catheters ; Fistula ; Humans ; Latex

No abstract available.
Angina, Unstable*

No Abstract Available.
Female ; Hormone Replacement Therapy* ; Humans ; Life Style* ; Osteoporosis*

BACKGROUND: There are many factors such as diffusion abnormality, V/Q mismatch, intrapulmonary shunt, alveolar hypoventilation and FIO2 in reducing arterial hypoxemia. Intrapulmonary shunting can be due to blood going from the right to the left side of the heart without respiring with alveolar gas(true shunt mechanism) or blood that respires but achieves a PaO2 less than the ideal (shunt effect mechanism). Understanding the portion of true shunt in patients with hypoxemia is very important indicator to analyze the effects of oxygen therapy. Several equations are used for calculation of physiologic shunt. The aim of this study was to calculate and compare shunts derived from four shunt equations; classic physiologic, estimated, modified clinical and simple equations. METHOD: After cardiovascular stability following open heart surgery, 40 patients were mechanically ventilated with an FIO2=1.0. Arterial and mixed blood gases were measured. We calculated and compared shunts by classic physiologic [S/T=(CcO2 CaO2)/(CcO2 CO2)], estimated [S/T=(CcO2 CaO2)/ (3.5 CcO2 CO2)], modified clinical [S/T= AaDO2 0.0031/(AaDO2 0.0031 CcO2 CaO2)], and simple equations [S/T=AaDO2/20]/ RESULTS: Shunts by classic physiologic, estimated, and modified clinical shunt equation were 26.9 8.5%, 25.1 7.1%, and 26.3 8.2%, respectively and did not differ one another significantly. Shunts by simple shunt equations was 18.8 6.2% and significantly lower than those by other 3 equations(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It is reasonable to conclude that in post-open heart patients with stable cardiovascular function and mechanically ventilated with an FIO2=1.0, classic physiologic, estimated, and modified clinical shunt equations show a reliable reflection of the physiologic shunt. But simple equation (AaDO2/20) might be used as a simple estimate.
Anoxia ; Diffusion ; Gases ; Heart ; Humans ; Hypoventilation ; Oxygen ; Thoracic Surgery

No abstract available.
Renal Insufficiency*

Background: Osteomyelitis resulting from bacterial strains, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) that are resistant to multiple drugs, brings further clinical challenges. There is currently no model of osteomyelitis induced by MRSA using rats with calvaria defects. So, We induced osteomyelitis in rat models with the calvaria bone defect. Methods: The rats were randomly divided into six groups according to inoculation dose levels, which ranged from 6 × 100 to 6 × 105 CFU/5 µl. Bone tissues were retrieved from all rats used in the study and assessed using histology, microbiology, and radiobiology 4 weeks after surgery to evaluate the relationship between inoculation dose and infectivity. Results: In Histological results, high levels of inflammatory responses, bone necrosis, and bacteria were observed in treatment groups G3 to G5. In IHC staining, high levels of cox-2 expression were observed in treatment groups G3. Microbiological observations also indicated that significantly higher numbers of CFUs were found in G3 to G5. In radiography results, the bone mineral density in G3 to G5 was significantly higher than in the control group, G1, and G2. Our results indicate that an inoculating dose of 6 × 103 CFU/5 μl is sufficient to induce the development of osteomyelitis in rat models. Conclusion This study suggests that the minimum dose (6 × 103CFU/5 µl) can induce osteomyelitis in calvaria rat model. This can offer information and ability of more accurately modeling osteomyelitis and simulating the challenge of osteomyelitis treat.

Background: Osteomyelitis resulting from bacterial strains, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) that are resistant to multiple drugs, brings further clinical challenges. There is currently no model of osteomyelitis induced by MRSA using rats with calvaria defects. So, We induced osteomyelitis in rat models with the calvaria bone defect. Methods: The rats were randomly divided into six groups according to inoculation dose levels, which ranged from 6 × 100 to 6 × 105 CFU/5 µl. Bone tissues were retrieved from all rats used in the study and assessed using histology, microbiology, and radiobiology 4 weeks after surgery to evaluate the relationship between inoculation dose and infectivity. Results: In Histological results, high levels of inflammatory responses, bone necrosis, and bacteria were observed in treatment groups G3 to G5. In IHC staining, high levels of cox-2 expression were observed in treatment groups G3. Microbiological observations also indicated that significantly higher numbers of CFUs were found in G3 to G5. In radiography results, the bone mineral density in G3 to G5 was significantly higher than in the control group, G1, and G2. Our results indicate that an inoculating dose of 6 × 103 CFU/5 μl is sufficient to induce the development of osteomyelitis in rat models. Conclusion This study suggests that the minimum dose (6 × 103CFU/5 µl) can induce osteomyelitis in calvaria rat model. This can offer information and ability of more accurately modeling osteomyelitis and simulating the challenge of osteomyelitis treat.

In this study, we aimed to determine the antinociceptive and/or anti-inflammatory effect of Bang-Poong (BP, Radix Ledebouriellae) on Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. Traditionally, BP has been used to treat several inflammatory diseases such as arthritis. Whole BP is extracted into two fractions that were ethylacetate and hexane-soluble fractions. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats (n=30, 130-150 g) were subcutaneously administered by the Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) into the plantar surface of right hindpaw. Twelve days after the injection of FCA, the rats initially showed typical inflammatory edema and arthritis-related symptoms on the contralateral side (i.e. left hindpaw). Both antinociceptive (evaluation of mechanical, thermal pain threshold and analysis of spinal Fos expression) and anti- inflammatory (evaluation of paw edema, serum interleukin-6 level and x-ray analysis) effect of BP extracts were examined. The ethylacetate fraction of BP (BPE) significantly suppressed the FCA-induced paw edema as well as the serum level of interleukin-6 and it alleviated the radiological changes. Moreover, both mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia were attenuated by the treatment of BPE. In addition, spinal Fos expression that was increased by FCA- injection was suppressed in BPE group. Therefore, this study showed that BPE produced significant both antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects on FCA- induced arthritis in rats, while hexane fraction of BP did not show these effects. In conclusion, it is suggested that the ethylacetate fraction of BP is recommended to alleviate the arthritis-related symptoms in human according to the results of this study.
Analgesics/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/*pharmacology ; Arthritis, Experimental/*drug therapy/radiography ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/*pharmacology ; Edema/veterinary ; Hindlimb/radiography ; Hyperalgesia/veterinary ; Interleukin-6/blood ; Male ; Pain Measurement/veterinary ; *Phytotherapy ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spinal Cord/metabolism