No abstract available.
Graft vs Host Disease*

OBJECTIVE: To analyze 543 cases of amniocentesis with indications, cytogenetic results. METHOD: This study includes 543 cases cytogenetic study results which amniocentesis to detect fetal chromosomal abnormality in the Cytogenetic Laboratory at Eun Hospital in Kwang-Ju from August 1996 to December 2000, as gestational ages, indications of amniocentesis, maternal age distributions, chromosome aberrations with cytogenetic results. The cytogenetic results of chromosome aberration was identified by parents inheritance and de novo karyotypes as parents periperal blood cytogenetic study. RESULTS: Amniocentesis performed mostly from 15 weeks to 20 weeks of gestaional ages. Requested indication of amniocentesis presents abnormal maternal serum screening (37%), infertility (23%) and maternal old age (> or =35) (17%). Chromosome aberration according to amniocentesis indication was suspected fetal anomaly by ultrasonogram (8.6%), previous family history (5.7%). Chormosome aberration following maternal ages, more 40 years old women were found highly 7.9%. The frequency of chromosome aberration was 5.5% but de novo chromosome aberration was 2.2%. Numerical aberration was overall new karyotypes (1.3%). Structural aberration was inheritance karyotypes (3.3%) and de novo karyotypes (0.9%). CONCLUSION: Amniocentesis is a effective diagnostic tools in fetal chromosome aberration. Indication of fetal chromosomal anormality by ultrasonography and advanced maternal ages is an important diagnostic method with chromosome aberrations. Prenatal fetal chromosome aberrations included inheritance and de novo karyotypes. Especially, identification of de novo chromosome aberrations may predict fetal anomaly and counsel the fetus for pregnant parents.
Adult ; Amniocentesis* ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Cytogenetic Analysis* ; Cytogenetics* ; Female ; Fetus ; Gestational Age ; Gwangju ; Humans ; Infertility ; Karyotype ; Mass Screening ; Maternal Age ; Parents ; Ultrasonography ; Wills

No abstract available.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma*

PURPOSE: The ictal perfusion patterns of cerebellum and basal ganglia have not been systematically investigated in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Their ictal perfusion patterns were analyzed in relation with temporal lobe and frontal lobe hyperperfusion during TLE seizures using SPECT subtraction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-three TLE patients had interictal and ictal SPECT, video-EEG monitoring, SPGR MRI, and SPECT subtraction with MRI co-registration. RESULTS: The vermian cerebellar hyperperfusion (CH) was observed in 26 patients (78.8%) and hemispheric CH in 25 (75.8%). Compared to the side of epileptogenic temporal lobe, there were seven ipsilateral hemispheric CH (28.0%), fifteen contralateral hemispheric CH (60.0%) and three bilateral hemispheric CH (12.0%). CH was more frequently observed in patients with additional frontal hyperperfusion (14/15, 93.3%) than in patients without frontal hyperperfusion (11/18, 61.1%). The basal ganglia hyperperfusion (BGH) was seen in 11 of the 15 patients with frontotemporal hyperperfusion (73.3%) and 11 of the 18 with temporal hyperperfusion only (61.1%). In 17 patients with unilateral BGH, contralateral CH to the BGH was observed in 14 (82.5%) and ipsilateral CH to BGH in 2 (11.8%) and bilateral CH in 1 (5.9%). CONCLUSION: The cerebellar hyperperfusion and basal ganglia hyperperfusion during seizures of TLE can be contralateral, ipsilateral or bilateral to the seizure focus. The presence of additional frontal or basal ganglia hyperperfusion was more frequently associated with contralateral hemispheric CH to their sides. However, temporal lobe hyperperfusion appears to be related with both ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheric CH.
Basal Ganglia* ; Cerebellum* ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe* ; Frontal Lobe ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Perfusion ; Seizures ; Temporal Lobe* ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon

39 patients with tibial shaft fracture had treated by open reduction and internal fixation with AO DCP and screws applying on the medial surface of the tibia, at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ulsan Dongkang Hospital, from January, 1983 to December, 1985. A clinical study was done on all the 39 cases with the follow-up check over 1 year. In general, because the lateral surface of the tibia is well covered by rich soft tissue, it is popularized to apply the plate on the lateral aspect of the tibia. In our department, we applied the plate on the medial aspect of the tibia, which resulted in mimi-zing soft tissue injuries and, by inserting the screws perpendicular to the surface of the bone, increased stability of the fixation; and therefore resulted in relatively short operation time, relatively low incidences of infection and non-union; but there had been some drawbacks such as focal skin necrosis, hematoma, adhesion after fixatives removal, and cosmetic disfiguring. But there were no problems during the follow up periods. So, this is a recommandable procedure of internal fixation with the plate for the tibial shaft fractures.
Clinical Study ; Fixatives ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Incidence ; Necrosis ; Orthopedics ; Skin ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; Tibia ; Ulsan

BACKGROUND: There exist considerable debates concerning about the effects of epilepsy surgery on cognitive function. To evaluate the effects of tailored anterior temporal lobectomy with amygdalohippocampectomy (ATLAH) on intelligence and memory, we compared the pre- and post-operative cognitive function in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). METHODS: Thirty six patients who received unilateral tailored ATLAH from 1993 to 1997 and had been seizure-free for at least two years postoperatively were selected. Mean age at the time of surgery was 26.8 years and mean period of postoperative follow-up was 47 months. The change of cognitive function was assessed pre-and post-operatively using Korean Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (K-WAIS) and Rey memory test. We also assessed the correlation between the extent of hippocampal and lateral temporal cortical resection and cognitive changes respectively. RESULTS: In total patients (N=36), there was statistically significant improvement in performance IQ (PIQ, p<0.05), full scale IQ (FIQ, p<0.05), and auditory verbal learning test (AVLT). In the right temporal lobectomy group (N=16), improvement in PIQ, FIQ, and AVLT reached to statistical significance (p<0.05). In the left temporal lobecto-my group (N=20), improvement in PIQ was significant (p<0.05). In terms of the size of resection, there were tendencies that the cognitive function is more improved in patients with larger hippocampal resection (>2 cm) and in patients with smaller temporal cortical resection (4 cm). CONCLUSIONS: Patients became seizure free after tailored ATLAH may have improvement in performance IQ and full scale IQ. Right side resection, larger hippocampal resection, and smaller lateral temporal resection show better postoperative cognitive function. (J Korean Neurol Assoc 19(2):116~124, 2001)
Adult ; Anterior Temporal Lobectomy* ; Epilepsy ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intelligence* ; Memory* ; Seizures ; Temporal Lobe* ; Verbal Learning

BACKGROUND: There exist considerable debates concerning about the effects of epilepsy surgery on cognitive function. To evaluate the effects of tailored anterior temporal lobectomy with amygdalohippocampectomy (ATLAH) on intelligence and memory, we compared the pre- and post-operative cognitive function in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). METHODS: Thirty six patients who received unilateral tailored ATLAH from 1993 to 1997 and had been seizure-free for at least two years postoperatively were selected. Mean age at the time of surgery was 26.8 years and mean period of postoperative follow-up was 47 months. The change of cognitive function was assessed pre-and post-operatively using Korean Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (K-WAIS) and Rey memory test. We also assessed the correlation between the extent of hippocampal and lateral temporal cortical resection and cognitive changes respectively. RESULTS: In total patients (N=36), there was statistically significant improvement in performance IQ (PIQ, p<0.05), full scale IQ (FIQ, p<0.05), and auditory verbal learning test (AVLT). In the right temporal lobectomy group (N=16), improvement in PIQ, FIQ, and AVLT reached to statistical significance (p<0.05). In the left temporal lobecto-my group (N=20), improvement in PIQ was significant (p<0.05). In terms of the size of resection, there were tendencies that the cognitive function is more improved in patients with larger hippocampal resection (>2 cm) and in patients with smaller temporal cortical resection (4 cm). CONCLUSIONS: Patients became seizure free after tailored ATLAH may have improvement in performance IQ and full scale IQ. Right side resection, larger hippocampal resection, and smaller lateral temporal resection show better postoperative cognitive function. (J Korean Neurol Assoc 19(2):116~124, 2001)
Adult ; Anterior Temporal Lobectomy* ; Epilepsy ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intelligence* ; Memory* ; Seizures ; Temporal Lobe* ; Verbal Learning

BACKGROUND: The endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation has been largely accounted for by the release of nitric oxide (NO). Three distinct isoforms of NO synthases (NOS) have been characterized, i.e., brain(bNOS), inducible (iNOS), and endothelial constitutive (ecNOS). Although hypertension hasbeen associated with a vascular endothelial dysfunction, changes in the vascular expression of NOS isoforms have not been established. The present study was aimed at exploring the vascular expression of NOS isozymes in hypertension. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Two-kidney, one clip (2K1C) and deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension were induced in rats. The expression of different NOS isozymes in the thoracic aorta was determined by Western blot analysis. The vascular tissue contents of nitrites were measured by colorimetric assay. RESULT: Arterial blood pressure was significantly higher in experimental groups of 2K1C and DOCA-salt rats compared with their corresponding control rats. The vascular expression of bNOS as well as that of ecNOS was decreased in both models of hypertension. iNOS was not changed in DOCA-salt hypertension, but was also decreased in 2K1C hypertension. The vascular contents of nitrites were significantly decreased in DOCA-salt as well as in 2K1C hypertension. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that 2K1C and DOCA-salt hypertension are associated with decreases in the vascular expression of NOS isozymes and nitrite contents.
Animals ; Aorta, Thoracic ; Arterial Pressure ; Blotting, Western ; Desoxycorticosterone ; Hypertension* ; Isoenzymes ; Nitric Oxide Synthase* ; Nitric Oxide* ; Nitrites ; Protein Isoforms ; Rats ; Vasodilation

To achieve optimal decalcification in tissue and tissue preservation, we have tried magnetic field method and made some promising results. We used pulsed unipolar magnetic field obtained by rectification of 250 V-60 cycle, A.C. As a new method of bony decalcification, using 5% nitric acid, 10% formic acid and 10% formic acid+3% hydrochloric acid solutions, experimental groups were decalcified in the center of the magnetic field. The concentration of calcium ion in the decalcifying solution was measured by calcium-oxalate turbidity test by photometry method, and direct visualization of calcium radiopacity was obtained by soft X-ray view during the decalcification process. The pH change during decalcification was continuously checked and needle penetration method was also used. All the decalcification solution used in this study showed accelerated effect of bony decalcification in the strong magnetic field. Among them 5% nitric acid produced complete decalcification for the medium size bony specimen (less than 10x10x10 mm) within 24 hours, and the histologic feature was almost free of acid-chemical degeneration. The pH of all the decalcification solutions decreased in the strong magnetic field, maximum within 4~6 hours, and kept strong acidity throughout the decalcification procedure. After removal of the magnetic field the pH of all the decalcification solution returned to their original values after 24 hours. It was presumed that the cause of the accelerated decalcification in the magnetic field was due to combined effects of the rapid increase of acidity and the increased molecular resonance to stimulate the ionization of mineral elements.

BACKGROUND: In order to investigate the structural abnormalities in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), the volumes of the hippocampus and frontal lobe were measured. METHODS: Nineteen JME patients and 19 age- and sex-matched normal controls underwent a 1.6 mm thick brain SPGR MRI. The volumes of the frontal lobe and hippocampus were measured with a volume of interest method. The differences of volumes between JME and normal groups were compared. The volumes were also compared between the early and late onset groups, and between the short and long seizure duration groups. The correlations between the volumes of the frontal lobe, hippocampus, or mid-sagittal area of the corpus callosum, and the age of seizure onset or the duration of disease were tested. RESULTS: The cerebral volume was not found to be different between the JME and normal groups (p=0.521). The left hippocampus was significantly smaller in the JME group (p=0.032) while the left frontal lobe was significantly larger in the JME group (p=0.004). The area of the rostral body of corpus callosum showed a significant positive correlation with the age of onset (r=0.561, p=0.012). The right frontal lobe volume showed a significant negative correlation with the duration of disease (r=-0.511, p=0.025). CONCLUSIONS: These results imply that JME has volume changes in the frontal lobe and hippocampus. The volume reduction of the right frontal lobe in patients with a longer disease duration may suggest a progressive nature of JME. The smaller rostral body of the corpus callosum in patients with earlier seizure onset may suggest an ontogenic abnormality of JME.
Age of Onset ; Brain ; Corpus Callosum ; Frontal Lobe* ; Hippocampus* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Myoclonic Epilepsy, Juvenile* ; Seizures