PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological significance of the microvessel density and macrophage and mast cell counts in invasive breast carcinomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 45 invasive breast carcinomas were immunohistochemically stained with the endothelial antigen, CD34, and macrophage marker, CD68. 0.1% toluidine blue was used to highlight mast cells. The microvessel and mast cell counts were performed at x200 magnification and the macrophages at x400 magnification. RESULTS: With the 45 invasive breast carcinomas, there were no statistically significant associations between the mast cell, macrophage and microvessel counts and the tumor size and lymph node status. ER and PR negative mast cells infiltrated more than in cases of positive stati, with statistical significance (p-value=0.010 and 0.005, respectively). The macrophage counts were negatively correlated with the PR status (p-value=0.030). With respect to the c-erbB-2 status, there was no significance correlation with the mast cell, macrophage and microvessel counts. The mast cell counts showed significantly positive correlation with the microvessel counts in the invasive breast carcinomas (p-value=0.015). In a comparison of the macrophage counts with the microvessel counts, a positive tendency for both parameters, but without statistical significance (p-value=0.310). CONCLUSION: Increasing numbers of mast cells and macrophages were recruited in invasive breast carcinomas, which contribute to angiogenesis. The microvessel density in invasive breast carcinomas had no statistically significant association with the tumor size, lymph node status, and histological grade, presence of DCIS component, estrogen/progesterone receptor status and cerbB-2 status. The evaluation of angiogenesis using these methods is not thought to provide an independent clinicopathological factor in invasive breast carcinomas.
Antigens, CD34 ; Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; Lymph Nodes ; Macrophages* ; Mast Cells* ; Microvessels* ; Tolonium Chloride

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Nuclear factor-kappa B p65 (NF-kappa B p65), nuclear factor-kappa B1 p50 (NF-kappa B p50) have been shown to play a role in cell proliferation, apoptosis, cytokine production, and oncogenesis. Recently, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ NF-kappa B/ cyclin D1 signaling pathway has been shown to play an important part in the pathogenesis of human cancers. This study was designed to investigate the expression of NF-kappa B p65, NF-kappa B p50, p38 MAPK alpha, and cyclin D1 proteins in premalignant lesions of colon and colorectal adenocarcinoma. METHODS: Paraffin sections of 20 normal mucosa, 20 low-grade tubular adenoma, 20 high-grade tubular adenoma and 64 adenocarcinoma tissues were analysed immunohistochemically for the expression of NF-kappa B p65, NF-kappa B p50, p38 MAPK alpha, and cyclin D1 proteins. RESULTS: The expression of NF-kappa B p65, NF-kappa B p50, and p38 MAPK alpha proteins were significantly higher in adenocarcinoma tissue in comparison with that in normal mucosa, low-grade tubular adenoma, and high-grade tubular adenoma tissues. Expression of NF-kappa B p50 was more frequent in poorly differentiated histologic grade, presence of nodal metastasis, and advanced stage. Expression of p38 MAPK alpha protein was higher in advanced tumor stage, presence of nodal metastasis and advanced stage. Synchronous expression of NF-kappa B p65, NF-kappa B p50, p38 MAPK alpha, and cyclin D1 proteins were significantly higher in adenocarcinoma tissue. CONCULSIONS: With the increased expression of NF-kappa B p65, NF-kappa B p50, and p38 MAPK alpha proteins, p38 MAPK/ NF-kappa B/ cyclin D1 signaling pathway may play a role in the pathogenesis of colorectal carcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma/enzymology/*metabolism/pathology ; Colorectal Neoplasms/enzymology/*metabolism/pathology ; Cyclin D1/immunology/*metabolism ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; NF-kappa B/immunology/*metabolism ; NF-kappa B p50 Subunit/immunology/metabolism ; Neoplasm Staging ; Precancerous Conditions/enzymology/*metabolism ; Transcription Factor RelA/immunology/metabolism ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/*metabolism

No abstract available.
Animals ; Rats* ; Vitamin A* ; Vitamins* ; Wounds and Injuries*

Spontaneous iliac vein rupture (SIVR) is a rare entity, which usually occurs without a precipitating factor, but can be a life-threatening emergency often requiring an emergency operation. This is a case report of SIVR in a 62-year-old female who presented to the emergency room with left leg swelling. Workup with contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed a left leg deep vein thrombosis with May-Thurner syndrome and a hematoma in the pelvic cavity without definite evidence of arterial bleeding. She was managed conservatively without surgical intervention, and also underwent inferior vena cava filter insertion and subsequent anticoagulation therapy for pulmonary thromboembolism. This case shows that SIVR can be successfully managed with close monitoring and conservative management, and anticoagulation may be safely applied despite the patient presenting with venous bleeding.
Emergencies ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Female ; Hematoma ; Hemoperitoneum ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Iliac Vein* ; Leg ; May-Thurner Syndrome ; Middle Aged ; Precipitating Factors ; Pulmonary Embolism ; Rupture* ; Rupture, Spontaneous ; Vena Cava Filters ; Venous Thrombosis

Cerebral vasospasm is one of the most serious complication after subarachnoid hemorrhage due to aneurysmal rupture. To date, the treatment of vasospasm remains unsatisfactory in a large numbers of cases in spite of recent therapeutic advances. Prompt diagnosis of this complication, before the establishment of lasting ischemic damage, should obviously improve the results of treatment. The possibility of predicting which patients will develop vasospasm, constitutes a further advance in the management of this complication. In this study, the value of the computed tomographic scan for the prediction of vasospasm was investigated in a consecutive series of 67 patients submitted to computed tomography within 7 days of the most recent subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Aneurysm* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Rupture* ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage* ; Vasospasm, Intracranial*

No abstract available.
Erythromycin* ; Gastric Emptying* ; Gastroparesis*

Primary cardiac lymphoma is an uncommon malignancy, accounting for 1.3% of primary cardiac tumors and 0.5% of extranodal lymphomas. However, secondary involvement of the heart is seen in 8.7-27.2% of the documented clinical cases of lymphoma. A 66-year-old man was referred to us for evaluation of dyspnea. A tumor mass was detected by transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiogram in the right atrium. The tumor was surgically resected. The pathologic diagnosis was a malignant lymphoma(diffuse large B cell type) had associated with intracavitary involvement of the right atrium. But acute mediastinitis was developed and then the patient was expired due to sepsis and bleeding at postoperative 9 days.
Aged ; Diagnosis ; Dyspnea ; Heart ; Heart Atria* ; Heart Neoplasms ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Lymphoma* ; Mediastinitis ; Sepsis

It has been reported that repetitive brief periods of ischemia and reperfusion (ischemic preconditioning, IP) cause a significant reduction in the extent of myocardial necrosis or in the incidence of reperfusion arrhythmias in rat heart. However, recent reports have stated that IP effect is diminished or lost in the canine or bovine heart if ischemia (mostly regional) is sustained for 40 min or longer. The main objective of this study is to assess whether IP provides myocardial protection in prolonged sustained ischemia under the condition of global ischemia in isolated rabbit heart. The hearts were subjected to 10-60 min sustained ischemia (SI) followed by 60 min reperfusion with (IP heart) or without IP (ISCH heart). IP was induced by 4 cycles of 5 min global ischemia and 5 min reperfusion. Left ventricular function (LVF), extent of infarction (EI) and ultrastructural changes were examined. As a whole, the LVF began to recover on reperfusion but there was no significant difference in the functional parameters. However, extracellular Ca2+ concentration was lower in the ISCH hearts (p <0.05) and the EI was significantly different between the hearts which had received 60 min SI (67% in the ISCH versus 32% in the IP heart, p <0.01). Ultrastructural changes were homogeneous in the ISCH hearts and became irreversible in accordance with increase of the duration of ischemia, while these changes were heterogeneous and restricted in the IP heart. These results suggest that IP does not attenuate the postischemic dysfunction in prolonged ischemia but it can provide an infarct size-limiting effect and delay ultrastructural changes. This cardioprotective effect may be related to calcium homeostasis.
Animal ; Arrhythmia/prevention & control ; Calcium/metabolism ; Extracellular Space/metabolism ; Female ; Heart/physiology ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction/prevention & control ; Myocardial Ischemia/metabolism/*physiopathology ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/*prevention & control ; Myocardium/metabolism/pathology/ultrastructure ; Necrosis ; Rabbits ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Time Factors ; Ventricular Function, Left/physiology

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes an acute enteritis in pigs of all ages, often fatality for neonates. PEDV occupies an intermediate position between two well characterized members of the coronavirus group I, human coronavirus (HCoV-229E)and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) which uses aminopeptidase N (APN), a 150 kDa protein, as their receptors. However, the receptor of the PEDV has not been identified yet. A virus overlay protein binding assay (VOPBA) was used to identify PEDV binding protein in permissive cells. The binding ability of PEDV to porcine APN (pAPN) and the effects of pAPN on infectivity of PEDV in Vero cells were also investigated. VOPBA identified a 150 kDa protein, as a putative PEDV receptor in enterocytes and swine testicle (ST) cells. Further the PEDV binding to pAPN was blocked by anti-pAPN and pAPN enhanced PEDV infectivity in Vero cells. In conclusion, these results suggested that pAPN may act as a receptor of PEDV.
Animals ; Antigens, CD13/*metabolism ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Coronavirus/*metabolism ; Coronavirus Infections/*veterinary/virology ; Digestive System Diseases/metabolism/*veterinary/virology ; Enterocytes/enzymology/metabolism/virology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary ; Male ; Protein Binding ; Receptors, Virus/*metabolism ; Swine ; Swine Diseases/metabolism/*virology ; Vero Cells

Spontaneous renal artery dissection (SRAD) is a rare disease entity. The diagnosis is usually delayed because clinical presentation is non-specific. We report three cases of symptomatic SRAD complicated by renal infarction which occurred in previously healthy middle-aged male patients. They visited the hospital due to acute abdominal or flank pain. They had no specific underlying disease or trauma history. The laboratory tests and physical examination were normal. They were not suspected of having SRAD initially, but computed tomography (CT) revealed dissection of the renal artery with distal hypoperfusion leading to renal infarction. They were treated conservatively with anticoagulation and/or antiplatelets for 6 months. They had a 6-month regular follow-up with CT, where resolution was confirmed in one patient and all patients remained asymptomatic. These cases emphasize the importance of clinical suspicion of SRAD in previously healthy patients who complain of abdominal pain without specific findings on initial investigation.
Abdominal Pain ; Diagnosis ; Endovascular Procedures ; Flank Pain ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infarction* ; Kidney ; Male ; Physical Examination ; Rare Diseases ; Renal Artery*