No abstract available.
Ear* ; Fascia* ; Temporal Muscle* ; Transplants*

The civilization has given us a great comfort and convenience but also it has been threatening our life at the same time. Recently among these causes of death the traffic accident is the most dangerous thing to threat our life. Most traffic accidents happen on the road but are increasing on the sea and river recently. Accordingly this paper presents an accident example for a boat collision accident which was anlalyzed from the evidences drawn by forensic medical and scientific methods for a passenger death accident by a collision between two boats. The forensic medical accident interpretation was made up by autopsy and drug toxicology inspection. A person who has met an unnatural death at the accident time was drunken condition. The cause of death was judged by the multiple viscera injury, and presumed to be killed by applying an high external force. In order to perform a forensic scientific analysis, we investigated the passenger's life jacket that a person killed in the accident was wearing and also investigated the external appearance of two boats which have 150h.p and 130h.p. Through comparing the position of two boats with the direction of impact on the surface of the water, we could assume that the 130h.p boat impacted the tail on the right side of 150h.p boat with constant acceleration or constant velocity.
Acceleration ; Accidents, Traffic ; Autopsy ; Cause of Death ; Civilization ; Humans ; Rivers ; Ships* ; Toxicology ; Viscera ; Water

Carbon monoxide(CO) is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, and non-irritating gas whose relative density is a little less than that of air. The most common sources of CO in deaths are fires, automobile exhaust, defective heaters, and incomplete combustion of burning products, such as charcoal briquets. CO is produced whenever organic materials are burned with inadequate supply of oxygen necessary to produce complete combustion. The CO poisoning is one of the most common causes of death in developing and underdeveloped countries. Almost fatal CO poisoning cases, mostly accidental or suicidal deaths occur in enclosed or restricted place nearby fuel-burning heating appliances. However, this case occurred in very unusual place away from the heating appliances due to faulty chimney duct. Because of a peculiar place, it is difficult to imagine the cause of death as a CO poisoning. Deaths from CO inhalation can occur if the individual is in proximity to a rich source of CO for a prolonged time. Therefore, even though men dies away from the heating appliance, it is necessary to bear in mind the possibility of CO poisoning.
Burns ; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning* ; Carbon Monoxide* ; Carbon* ; Cause of Death ; Charcoal ; Fires ; Heating ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Inhalation ; Male ; Oxygen ; Poisoning ; Specific Gravity ; Vehicle Emissions

On page 173, the incorrect image which was not submitted by the author was mistakenly printed for Fig. 5 by a system error of the editing company.

Neuraminidase (NA) cleaves the glycosidic bond linkages of sialic acids to release the mature virions from infected cells and has been an attractive therapeutic target for anti-influenza agents. In our ongoing investigation of NA inhibitors in mushroom extracts, we found that the extract the fruiting body of Glaziella splendens potently inhibited neuraminidase. The fruiting bodies of G. splendens were extracted and partitioned successively with hexane, ethyl acetate, and butanol. The ethyl acetate soluble-layer was subjected to silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies, and MPLC to obtain five compounds (1–5). Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods. NA inhibitory activity of these compounds was evaluated using NAs from recombinant rvH1N1, H3N2, and H5N1 influenza A viruses. One compound (1) was elucidated as a new azaphilone derivative, and four compounds (2–5) were identified as entonaemin A, comazaphilone D, rubiginosin A, and entonaemin B, respectively. Compounds 3 and 4 showed considerable inhibitory activity against three types of neuraminidases with the IC₅₀ values of 30.9, 41.8, and 35.7 µM for 3 and 46.5, 50.4, and 29.9 µM for 4, respectively. This study reveals that the fruiting bodies of G. splendens possess azaphilone derivatives with the NA inhibitory activity. This is the first report on the isolation of neuraminidase inhibitors from the fruiting bodies of G. splendens.
Agaricales ; Chromatography ; Fruit ; Influenza A virus ; N-Acetylneuraminic Acid ; Neuraminidase ; Sialic Acids ; Silica Gel ; Virion

In our ongoing search for new secondary metabolites from fungi, a basidiomycete fungus Irpex consors was selected for mycochemical investigation, and three new zwitterionic alkaloids (1-3) and five known compounds (4-8) were isolated from the culture broth (16 l) of I. consors. The culture filtrate was fractionated by a series of column chromatography including Diaion HP-20, silica gel, and Sephadex LH-20, Sep-Pak C18 cartridge, medium pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC), and high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) to yield eight compounds (1-8). The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by the interpretation of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS). Their antioxidant and antibacterial activities were examined. The zwitterionic structures of three new sesquiterpene alkaloids (1-3) were determined together with five known compounds identified as stereumamide E (4), stereumamide G (5), stereumamide H (6), stereumamide D (7), and sterostrein H (8). This is the first report of the zwitterionic alkaloids in the culture broth of I. consors. Three new zwitterionic alkaloids were named as consoramides A–C (1-3).

In our ongoing search for new secondary metabolites from fungi, a basidiomycete fungus Irpex consors was selected for mycochemical investigation, and three new zwitterionic alkaloids (1-3) and five known compounds (4-8) were isolated from the culture broth (16 l) of I. consors. The culture filtrate was fractionated by a series of column chromatography including Diaion HP-20, silica gel, and Sephadex LH-20, Sep-Pak C18 cartridge, medium pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC), and high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) to yield eight compounds (1-8). The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by the interpretation of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS). Their antioxidant and antibacterial activities were examined. The zwitterionic structures of three new sesquiterpene alkaloids (1-3) were determined together with five known compounds identified as stereumamide E (4), stereumamide G (5), stereumamide H (6), stereumamide D (7), and sterostrein H (8). This is the first report of the zwitterionic alkaloids in the culture broth of I. consors. Three new zwitterionic alkaloids were named as consoramides A–C (1-3).

Phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a tumor suppressor. Although it is well known to have various physiological roles in cancer, its inhibitory effect on inflammation remains poorly understood. In the present study, a human PTEN gene was fused with PEP-1 peptide in a bacterial expression vector to produce a genetic in-frame PEP-1-PTEN fusion protein. The expressed and purified PEP-1-PTEN fusion protein were transduced efficiently into macrophage Raw 264.7 cells in a time- and dose- dependent manner when added exogenously in culture media. Once inside the cells, the transduced PEP-1-PTEN protein was stable for 24 h. Transduced PEP-1-PTEN fusion protein inhibited the LPS-induced cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and iNOS expression levels in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, transduced PEP-1-PTEN fusion protein inhibited the activation of NF-kappa B induced by LPS. These results suggest that the PEP-1-PTEN fusion protein can be used in protein therapy for inflammatory disorders.
Animals ; Cell Line ; Cyclooxygenase 2/*metabolism ; Cysteamine/*analogs & derivatives ; Enzyme Activation ; Humans ; Lipopolysaccharides/*pharmacology ; Macrophages/*metabolism ; Mice ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Nitric Oxide/*biosynthesis ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase/*genetics ; Peptides/*genetics ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Signal Transduction

Chlorogenic acid (CGA) possesses various biological activities such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic activities. In the present study, we examined the effect of CGA on the transduction efficiency of PEP-1-ribosomal protein S3 (PEP-1-rpS3) into cells and brain tissues, and its neuroprotective potential against ischemia/reperfusion. We found that, in the presence of CGA, the transduction efficiency of PEP-1-rpS3 into astrocytes and the CA1 region of the hippocampus was enhanced, compared to its transduction in the absence of CGA. Also, cell viability data demonstrated that the sample treated with CGA + PEP-1-rpS3 exhibited improved cell viability against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced toxicity more significantly than the sample treated with PEP-1-rpS3 alone. Also, in a gerbil ischemia model, data demonstrated that following the ischemic insult, the group treated with PEP-1-rpS3 + CGA showed markedly enhanced protection of neuron cells in CA1 region of hippocampus, compared to those treated with CGA or PEP-1-rpS3 alone. Taken together, these results suggest that CGA may improve the transduction efficiency of protein transduction domain (PTD) fusion proteins into target cells or tissues, thereby enhancing their therapeutic potential against various diseases.
Astrocytes ; Brain ; Cell Survival ; Chlorogenic Acid ; Gerbillinae ; Hippocampus ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Ischemia ; Neurons ; Neuroprotective Agents ; Proteins

PURPOSE: Anatomy of deep pelvis, narrow distal margin and tumor invasion into neighbor organ are obstacles for curative radical resection for advanced cancer of distal rectum. Technically, laparoscopic application after downstaging the tumor with preoperative concurrent chemotherapy (CCRT) may give a solution to overcome the anatomical difficulties. We compared the results of laparoscopic surgery in the patients who received CCRT with those of patients who had conventional surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A continuous infusion of 5FU plus leucovorin and radiotherapy (50.4 Gy) in 28 fractions was given each patient as CCRT. They underwent D2 radical resection with TME and ANP for the rectal cancer in 4 weeks. RESULTS: Thirty three patients had laparoscopic resection such as LAR, colo-anal anastomosis and APR. The results were compared with 12 cases of the conventional resections. As a result of preoperative CCRT, the cancer was down-staged in 71%. Two year disease free survival was 75% and 74% in the group of conventional and laparoscopic resection, respectively (p=0.427). Ileus, voiding difficulty and leakage after surgery were not different between two groups. Weakness of ejaculation was noted in 9~11% of both groups. The DFS of the preoperative CCRT followed by radical resection in the groups with a response was more favorable than that in the group with progressive or stable disease. CONCLUSION: Radical resection of advanced distal rectal cancer could be done with performing a laparoscopic assisted operation after CCRT induced down-staging. We may suggest that laparoscopic assisted resection is a good treatment option as it doesn't increase the complications and it has a compatible survival rate to conventional surgery.
Atrial Natriuretic Factor ; Chemoradiotherapy* ; Disease-Free Survival ; Drug Therapy ; Ejaculation ; Fluorouracil ; Humans ; Ileus ; Laparoscopy ; Leucovorin ; Male ; Pelvis ; Radiotherapy ; Rectal Neoplasms* ; Rectum ; Survival Rate