No abstract available.
Typhoid Fever*

The author studied the infection rates of Clonorchiis sinensis in the inhabitants of Kyungpook Province, and surveyed infestation rates of Clonorchis metacercarias in the twelve kinds of fresh water fishes for the purpose of the eradication. plan of clonorchiasis of Kyungpook Province. The examination was continued from April 1960 to October 1962 with 24,252 inhabitants ranging from four months to over sixty aged. All the family were tested intradermally with Clonorchis antigen and then confirmed the eggs by M.G.L. technique. The results of the examination were summarized as follows. I. The infection rate of the inhabitants; In the people tested, 27.7 percent was infected with Clonorchis sinensis. There were no remarkable differences in the infection rates among each Districts; River side inhabitants(Yungchun-Gun 23.6 percent, Andong-Gun 27.4 percent), paddy field inhabitants(Yungchun- Gun 23.6 percent, Sangchu-Gun 29.1 percent) and mountain side inhabitants (Chungsong-Gun 23.8 percent, Yungyang-Gun 27.7%). However, the infection rates of the river side peoples were slightly higher than that of the districts far from the river. The infection rate of the male was 34.98 percent (4 ,628 out of 12,230), while the female was 18.96 percent (2090 out of 11022). The maximum infection rate of the male group was observed in the 35-39 age group (73.8 %) and in female, 55-59 age group (34.l percent) respectively, however it was gradually decreased in the senile group. II. The infection rates of the family group; Those infected in both husband and wife were 28 percent(357 out of 1,289), husband only was 52 percent (672 out of 1,289) and wife only was 4 percent (50 out of 1,289). The children of the infected parents revealed higher morbidity than that of the non-infected parents. The children of the infected father revealed much morbidity than that of the mother's side. On the contrary, children's morbidity rate of the infected widow was higher than that of the widower. III. The infestation rates of fresh water fishes; The metacercaria of Clonorchis sinensis was found in the flesh exclusive of the Misgurnus anguillicaudatus and Zacco platypus in the 11 kinds of fresh water fishes. The maximum infestation rate of 55.8 percent was revealed at Pseudorasbora parva and next to it was Sarcocheilichthys wakiyae of 5l.7 percent. The number of metacercaria in flesh was decreased as compared to the previously examined level.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda-Clonorchis sinensis ; epidemiology ; Misgurnus anguillicaudatus ; Zacco platypus ; Sarcocheilichthys wakiyae ; Pseudorasbora parva

No abstract available.
Abruptio Placentae* ; Female ; Pregnancy

No abstract available.
Abruptio Placentae* ; Female ; Pregnancy

Metacercariae of Centrocestus species were found from a brackish water fish, Tribolodon taczanowskii Steindachner in the downstream of Hyungsan river. Thirty one fishes out of 154 examined (31.8 percent ) were infected with the metacercariae of Centrocestus. sp. Metacercariae were fed to the mouse experimentally and adult worms were recovered from the intestinal mucosa. And they were identified C. asadai Mishima and compared with the prereported Centrocestus sp.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda-Centrocestus asadai ; Tribolodon taczanowskii ; metacercariae

Application of membranes for guided tissue regeneration(GTR) have been confined to the subgingival barrier functions; however, many studies have provided evidence that some drugs, including tetracycline, initially can promote the growth of periodontal ligament or alveolar bone in peridontal therapy. Osseous regeneration in periodontal defects is increased by local administration of tetracycline due to its anti-collagenolytic effect, which enhances bone-forming ability via osteoblast cell chemotaxis and reduced bone resorption. The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of tetracycline loaded poly-L-lactide(PLLA) barrier membranes for guided bone regenerative potential. Tetracycline was incorporated into the PLLA membrane with the ratio 10% to PLLA by weight. Ability to guided bone regeneration of the membranes were tested by measuring new bone in the tibial defects(7x10x5 mm3) of the beagle dog for 4, 5, and 6 weeks. In control, drug-unloaded PLLA membranes were used in same size of defect. In histologic finding of the defect area, a few inflammatory cells were observed in both groups. These membrane were not perforated by connective tissue and maintained their mechanical integrity for the barrier function for 4-6 weeks. New bone formation was greater in defects covered by tetracycline-loaded membrane than in defects covered by drug- unloaded membranes. In bone regeneration guiding potential test, tetracycline-loaded membrane was more effective than drug- unloaded membranes(p<0.05). These results suggest that tetracycline-loaded PLLA membranes potentially enhance guided bone regenerative efficacy and might be a useful barrier for GTR in periodontal treatment.
Animals ; Bone Regeneration* ; Bone Resorption ; Chemotaxis ; Connective Tissue ; Dogs* ; Membranes* ; Osteoblasts ; Osteogenesis ; Periodontal Ligament ; Regeneration ; Tetracycline

The authors report a case of postoperative supratentorial epidural hematoma as a complication of acoustic neurinoma surgery. The 43-year-old man presented with hearing difficulty on the left side and decreased facial sensation. MR imaging demonstrated a huge, cystic left acoustic neurinoma and the retromastoid suboccipital approach was used for gross-total resection of the tumor. Postoperatively, the patient was drowsy and showed right hemiparesis. Computed tomographic scanning revealed a huge epidural hematoma in the left parietooccipital convexity. The intraoperative course was uneventful. Immediate craniotomy was performed and the epidural hematoma was removed. Bleeding from the superior sagittal sinus occurred, but was completely controlled. Postoperatively, the patient was neurologically normal, except for mild left facial weakness. Remote postoperative intracranial hemorrhage is a rare complication of craniotomy with significant morbidity and mortality. Such hemo-rrhages are likely to develop at or soon after surgery and can be related to the craniotomy site, operative positioning, and nonspecific mechanical factors. In this case, mechanical displacement of the brain secondary to excessive dehydration and CSF drainage was thought to be the cause of postoperative epidural hematoma. Clinical awareness of this rare but potential complication is essential to its early diagnosis and treatment. Difficulty in awakening from anesthesia and the development of new neurological deficits not attributable to the operative site are the most important keys to early diagnosis. Computed tomography is the diagnostic method of choice.
Acoustics* ; Adult ; Anesthesia ; Brain ; Craniotomy ; Dehydration ; Drainage ; Early Diagnosis ; Hearing ; Hematoma* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mortality ; Neuroma, Acoustic* ; Paresis ; Sensation ; Superior Sagittal Sinus

The purpose of this study was to assess the outcome of management in 123 patients who underwent surgery for a ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm, the period covered is August 1989 to January 1996. The outcome of surgical management was based on four primary factors : Clinical condition on admission(Hunt and Hess Grade) ; The distribution of hemorrhage, as seen on brain computerized tomography(Fisher Grade) ; The presence of delayed ischemic deficits ; And the time between aneurysmal rupture and surgery. Other conditions contributing to surgical outcome are reviewed. On the basis of the patients' status on discharge, the outcome was as follows : good, 92 patients(74.8%) ; fair, 11(8.9%) ; poor, 14(11.4%) ; and died, six(4.9%). The best results were for patients with grades I and II(H and H grade). Thirty-three of 40 who underwent early surgery(within 3 days) were rated as good, while 54 of 64 for whom surgery was delayed(after 7 days) showed a favorable result ; thus, outcome did not depend on whether treatment was early or delayed. The least favorable outcomes(poor or died) were attributed to massive hemorrhage, delayed ischemic deficits, infections(cerebritis and ventriculitis, for example) or rebleeding. Other pertinent factors influencing surgical outcome were the direction or shape of the aneurysm, multiplicity, perioperative premature rupture of aneurysms, and temporary clipping of proximal vessels. To improve management outcome, it is stressed that intensive care should be started as soon as an aneurysmal rupture is evident, and sterile manipulation should also be applied.
Aneurysm ; Brain ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Intensive Care ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Rupture

Cyclosporin A is a cyclic polypeptide produced by the metabolism of fungi. It is widely used at present as immunosuppressive treatment following organ transplants. It is also used to deal with autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or type II diabetes. Gingival hyperplasia is one of the most frequent side-effects associated with the prescription of Cyclosporin A. The mechanisms involved in Cyclosporin A induced gingival hyperplasia are not yet clear. In vitro Cyclosporin A promotes proliferation of gingival fibroblasts, that Cyclosporin A act as a mitogen. Its action is based on mitosis of gingival fibroblasts regulated by cell cycle regulatory proteins. It was the purpose of the present study to examine the effects of Cyclosporin A on human gingival fibroblasts by means of biological and biochemical criteria. In this present study, we examined change of cell proliferation, cell activity, cell viability and cell cycle progression after application of Cyclosporin A. We also examined expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins by western blot analysis. Human gingival fibroblasts were cultured for 48 hours with application of Cyclosporin A at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 ng/ml. Cyclosporin A(1 ng/ml) significantly increased the cell activity of gingival fibroblast. Proliferation and viability of gingival fibroblasts were also increased in group treated with 1 ng/ml of Cyclosporin A compared to control group. In the cell cycle analysis, S phase was increased and G1 phase was decreased in the group treated with 1 ng/ml of Cyclosporin A. Cyclosporin A increased the expression of cdk4 and inhibited the expression of pRB and p21. These results suggest that 1 ng/ml of Cyclosporin A may increase the cell cycle progression of human gingival fibroblasts, and its mechanisms may increase the expression of cdk4 and decrease the expression of pRB and p21.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; Cell Cycle* ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Survival ; Cyclosporine* ; Fibroblasts* ; Fungi ; G1 Phase ; Gingival Hyperplasia ; Humans* ; Metabolism ; Mitosis ; Prescriptions ; S Phase ; Transplants

Several growth factors and polypeptides are not commonly yet used for regenerators of bone tissue or alveolar bone because of the insufficiency of studies on their side effects, genetic engineering for mass production and stability for clinical application. Recently, many natural medicines, which have advantage of less side effects and possibility of long-term use, have been studied for their capacity and effects of anti-bacterial, antiinflammatory and regenerative potential of periodontal tissues. Olibanum, Myrrha, Phlomis Radix, and Cimicifugae Rhizoma have been traditionally used as a drug for treatment of bone disease in oriental medicine. The objective of this study was to examine the ability of alkaline phosphatase(ALP) synthesis of rat calvarial osteoblast(MC3T3-E1) when several natural medicines were supplemented. MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured with alpha-MEM(negative control), dexamethasone(positive control), and each natural medicines for 3 and 5 days. And then ALP synthesis was measured by spectrophotometer for enzyme activity and by naphthol AS-BI staining for morphometry. All of the natural medicines induced higher activity of ALP synthesis than the negative controls. Especially Olibanum induced the higher activity than the positive controls(p<0.05). In the aspects of culturing time, except Cimicifugae Rhizoma, the natural medicines induced higher activity of ALP synthesis at 5 days than at 3 days(p<0.05). In morphometry, all of the natural medicines showed statistical significance compared to the negative control(p<0.05). Myrrha and Phlomis Radix showed larger positively stained area at 5 days than at 3 days, whereas the others did not showed the difference between at 5 and at 3 days(p<0.05). These results indicate that several natural medicines have an inducing ability of ALP synthesis in MC3T3-E1 cells.
Rats ; Animals