PURPOSE: The burns are one of the most devastating trauma. The epidemiological study for the national burn incidence is necessary to establish the national medical plan for providing the proper specialized burn care for these burn victims, burn prevention and burn safety for publics. METHODS: This study is done based on the burn patients data from the Korea National Health Insurance Corporation in 2005~2009 for the review of following issues; the average annual burn incidence, and tendency of burn occurrence in every year, sex distribution of burn patients, the yearly numbers of pediatric burn patients, incidence of specific-age pediatric burn patients, incidence of burns by specific-age group, and prevalent sites of burns. RESULTS: 1) The average annual burn patient is 472,404 in 2005~2009. The average annual incidence of burn patients per 100,000 population is 984. The total annual numbers of burn patient is gradually increasing in tendency. 2) Male and female sex ratio is 57 (mean 270,791 male burn patients per year): 43 (mean 201,613 female burn patients per year). 3) The average pediatric burn patient (1~15 age) is 138,153 and it consists of 29.3% of the average annual burn patients during 2005~2009. 4) The most prevalent age of pediatric burns reveals between 1~2 years old age (23.8%). The incidence of burn patients of 1~3 age occupy 42% of the total pediatric burn patients. 5) The four age group-specific burn incidence are pediatric group (0~15 age) 29.3% (138,153 patients), adolescence-middle age group (16~39 age) 32.1% (151,384 patients), middle-old age group (40~74 age) 36.3% (171,688 patients), super old age group (over 75) 2.3% (11,179 patients). 6) The most prevalent site of burns is hand (29%), and followed by foot (10.7%), lower extremities (10.6%), upper extremities (10.1%), face (7.1%), trunk (6.1%). the combined area etc. (26.2%), respiratory tract (0.2%). CONCLUSION: Based on the data from the Korea National Health Insurance Corporation, the average annual burn incidence is over 472,400 burn patients during 2005~2009 in Korea, and reveals increasing tendency. This epidemiological data could be attribute to providing the specialized burn care to domestic burn victims, and to establish the plans for burn prediction and prevention, burn safety, burn patient transportation, and the measures for mass burn patients.
Burns ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Female ; Foot ; Hand ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; National Health Programs ; Respiratory System ; Sex Distribution ; Sex Ratio ; Transportation ; Upper Extremity

Cosmetically to correct large, thick and flaring ala, Weir method have been frequently used. But after excessive Weir excision, it causes tightened distal nose, lowered nasal tip, and unnatural shape of ala. A 32-years-old female patient suffered from the marked tightness of distal nose, lowered height of nasal tip, and mild dyspnea after Wier excision 1 year ago. She showed unnatural alar base shape with blunting of alar-facial groove angle up to 110 degree, and it rapidly slanted to the nasal tip. The incision was made along the previous operative scars at alar base, and release of tension were done. There was a 7mm gap in each side of both alar bases. The two wedge shaped composite grafts from the left helical rim were obtained, and insetted to the alar base gaps. Immediately after operation, she showed relief of dyspnea and tightness of nasal tip, and improved shape of distal nose. The 3 months postoperatively , mild hyperpigmentation of the grafted sites were noticed. The overall results were excellent. To correct the deformed ala and unnatural distal nose shape after excessive alar reduction using Wier excision, we present a technique of the composite auricular chondrocutaneous grafts at alar base.
Cicatrix ; Cosmetics ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperpigmentation ; Nose ; Nose Deformities, Acquired ; Succinates ; Transplants

The cystic teratoma is the most common germ cell tumors in reproductive age women. The malignant change of cystic teratoma is rare, about 1~2%, and mostly change to squ-amous cell carcinoma. We experienced 4 cases of squamous cell carcinoma arising in cystic teratoma and re- port our cases with a brief review of the literature.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Female ; Humans ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal ; Ovary* ; Teratoma*

PURPOSE: Even though Augmentation rhinoplasty is very popular surgical procedure, it is not easy to obtain ideal materials for augmentation. Many different synthetic materials are used but frequent complications are seen such as infection, extrusion, deform, and dislocation. Autologous tissues were used for augmentation rhinoplasty. We used dermofat graft and fat injection in augmentation rhinoplasty minimizing these problems. METHODS: From 2006 to 2009, we used autologous tissues in augmentation rhinoplasty in 40 patients, 20 patients with dermofat graft and other 20 patients were treated with fat injection only. Dermofats were harvested from sacral area. gluteal fold, groin and preexisting scar tissue. Dermofats were inserted with small stab wound and fat tissues were injected as Coleman's technique. The patients were followed up 6 months to 5 years. RESULTS: Most of the patients were satisfied in shape and height the nose. Early complications such as hematoma, infection and seroma were not found. Secondary fat injection was performed in 3 patients (15%) of dermofat graft group instead of 7 patients (35%) of fat injection only group. CONCLUSION: We obtained satisfactory results in augmentation rhinoplasty with dermofat graft and fat injection. Secondary fat injections were more often in fat injection group than dermofat graft group. Dermofat graft and fat injection could be another alternative technique for augmentation rhinoplasty and fat injection could be a secondary adjunctive treatment for undercorrection due to absorption.
Absorption ; Cicatrix ; Dislocations ; Groin ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Nose ; Rhinoplasty ; Seroma ; Transplants ; Wounds, Stab

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of functional MR imaging(fMRI) for determination of language dominance compared with Wada test and to assess the lateralization of activated signals according to stimulation task of activated area. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Functional maps were obtained during word generation task and reading task in twenty patients(16 epilepsy, 4tumor; 17 right-handed, 1 left-handed, 2 ambidextrous). MR examinations were performed at 1.5T scanner with EPI BOLD technique during word generation and word reading tasks. We used SPM program for the postprocessing of image. The threshold for significance was set at p<0.0001 or p<0.001. A lateralization index(LI) was calculated from the number of activated pixels in three hemispheric areas(whole hemisphere, frontal lobe, and temporoparietal lobe. The LIs of fMRI and Wada test were compared according to stimulation task and area for calculation of LI. RESULTS: During the Wada test, sixteen patients had the left language dominance and four patients had right dominance. The language dominance determined by LI of fMRI in each hemisphere was concordant with the result of Wada in 19(95%) by word generation task and in 15(75%) by reading task. At word generation task, the concordance rate was higher with LI calculated on whole hemisphere than that on frontal(80%) or temporoparietal lobe(90%). Correlation between the LIs of Wada and fMRI was significant(r=0.74) CONCLUSION: In fMRI word generation task produced stronger activation of language areas and showed more accurate lateralization reading task. The concordance rate of and Wada test was higher with LI calculated on whole hemisphere than on frontal or temporoparietal lobe.
Brain ; Epilepsy ; Frontal Lobe ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging*

Post-menopausal osteoporosis (PMO) is a major global human health concern. Owing to the need for therapeutic drugs without side effects, natural extracts containing various polyphenolic compounds that may exert estrogenic effects have been studied in depth. Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS), which has been used as a traditional herbal medicine for centuries in Korea, was recently revealed to exert estrogenic effects attributable to its bioactive ingredients sulfuretin and butein, which have strong estrogen receptor–binding affinities. In this study, the protective potential of RVS in PMO was evaluated by using an experimental animal model of PMO, which was established by ovariectomy (OVX) of female Sprague Dawley rats. The oral administration of RVS at 20 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg for 8 weeks markedly protected against OVX-induced atrophy of the uterine tube and reversed the elevation in the ratio of serum receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand to osteoprotegerin, which is a marker of disease severity. In addition, RVS inhibited OVX-induced tibia bone loss, activated osteogenic activity, and suppressed osteoclastic activity in the tibial epiphyseal plate, a region of bone remodeling. Collectively, these factors indicated that the oral intake of RVS might be beneficial for the prevention of PMO.
Administration, Oral ; Atrophy ; Bone Remodeling ; Estrogens ; Fallopian Tubes ; Female ; Growth Plate ; Herbal Medicine ; Humans ; Korea ; Models, Animal ; Models, Theoretical* ; Osteoclasts ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal* ; Osteoprotegerin ; Ovariectomy ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rhus* ; Tibia

The large part of pathophysiology of cardiac arrhythmias has been clarified but still arrhythmias have bothered anesthesiologists. This study was done in order to investigate the incidence and nature of arrhythmias using Holter monitor for complete study during enflurane anesthesia. The patients were randomly allocated to two groups. Group I received succinylcholine 1.5 mg/kg, and Group II vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg, intravenously for intubation. Continuous electrocardiographic recordings on magnetic tape were made in 34 patients undergoing tympanoplasty during general anesthesia (thiopental(5 mg/kg)-muscle relaxants induction, and N2O(50%)-O2-enflurane(1.2%)-pancuronium maintenance). After completion of the recordings, the tapes were scanned to detect changes in rhythm using the analyzer. Complexes were further studied by readouts on standard ECG paper. The results were as follows: 1) The number of patients(n=14) who exhibited arrhythmias during anesthetic maintenance was significantly greater than that(n=4) during induction. 2) The incidence of occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias was 64.7%. There was no difference between two groups. If sinus tachycardia included, the incidence reached at 94.1%. 3) The frequency of supraventricular arrhythmias was more than two times that of ventricular ones. The arrhythmias occuning at the AV junction were the most common, and VPCs the second most common 4) There was no effect on the frequency in arrhythmia occurrence, of age, gender, preoperative ECG findings, intraoperative serum K(+), and intraoperative PaCO2 The discrepancy in the incidence of arrhythmia occurrence between complete and incomplete studies tells that great caution should be paid perioperatively, especially to the patients who have cardiovascular disorders.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General* ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac* ; Electrocardiography ; Enflurane* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intubation ; Succinylcholine ; Tachycardia, Sinus ; Tympanoplasty ; Vecuronium Bromide

The pattern of periodic sharp wave complexes (PSWC) was widely accepted as the most characteristic electroencepalographic(EEG) abnormality in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) although it may be lacking in prodromal and terminal stages. The EEG abnormalities are often asymmetric. We compared PSWC with 18F-FDG PET and brain MRI finding to know the signifcance of PSWC. All the patients had typical clinical courses and symptoms of CJD. Three patients were pathologically verified. Three patients were in full stage and two in terminal stage of CJD. We analysed PSWC in digital EEG and compared the regions of maximal PSWC amplitudes with 18F-FDG PET and brain-MRI finding in regard to lateralization and localization. Regarding lateralization, the maximal amplitudes of PSWC were observed over left frontal area in two patients and over right frontal region in three. Three patients in full stage had PET hypometabolism in the same hemisphere as PSWC were lateralized. Their brain MRI showed abnormal basal ganglia intensities but no sever brain atrophy. Two patients in terminal stage had PSWC lateralized in right frontal region but in PET one had left frontoparietal and the other bilateral global hypometabolism. Their brain-MRI showed severe cortical atrophy in the same hemisphere as PET hypometabolism was observed. Regarding all patients in full or terminal stage had maximal PSWC in frontal region, which were not consistent with PET and MRI findings. Cortical lesions in MRI were well corresponding with PET hypometabolism but not with PSWC. These results suggest that PSWC could reflect the hemisphere with more CJD activities in full stage, but could not localize the region where PET and MRI showed abnormalities, suggesting that the generation of PSWC could be related with the involvement of subcortical structures in CJD.
Atrophy ; Basal Ganglia ; Brain ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome* ; Electroencephalography ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging

No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: Several conflicting studies exist on the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and depression. We investigated the effect of BMI on the development of depression in adults aged 45 years and older using the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging Study (KLoSA).METHODS: The data from the wave 1 (2006), wave 2 (2008), wave 3 (2010), wave 4 (2012), and wave 5 (2014) database of the Korean Longitudinal Study on Aging (KLoSA) were analyzed. Depression was assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-10. To investigate the relationship between BMI and depression, ANOVA and chi-square test was used. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were generated, and Cox proportional hazard regression modeling was used to estimate the risk of depression according to obesity status, by controlling for age, sex, and health-related, lifestyle, and socioeconomic variables.RESULTS: This study included 6,811 individuals who were not found to have depression in the first survey. The incidence of depression was the highest in the underweight group (underweight, 74.3%; normal, 63.1%; overweight, 59.5%; obese, 63.0%; severe obese, 59.9%, P < 0.001). The risk of depression was significantly lower in the overweight and severe obese groups than in the underweight group after adjusting for age, sex, and demographic, social, and physical factors (overweight: hazard ratio [HR]=0.872, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.775–0.981; severe obese: HR=0.791, 95% CI=0.648–0.966).CONCLUSION: The incidence of depression was the highest in the underweight group. The risk of depression was higher in the underweight group than in the overweight and severe obese groups.
Adult ; Aging ; Body Mass Index ; Depression ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Life Style ; Longitudinal Studies ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Thinness