Attitude on smoking and drinking among group of salary earners comprised of 400 primary, middle, and highschool teachers, bankers and public servants who serviced in Kwang Ju city area, was studied during the period of a month may to June 1969. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. 144 persons (36.0%) out of 400 salary earner were smoking cigarettes, and, in sex, 0.7%(1 out of 137) was shown in female and 54.3%(143 out of 263) was in male. 2. more than half of the smokers(59.0%) smoked 11-20 pieces of cigarettes a day, and 36.8% did less than 10 pieces, 1.4% did 21-30 pieces a day. 3. 175 persons (43.7%) out of 400 total interviews liked to drink, and in sex 63.8% for male and 2.7% for female. 4. On the quantity of drinking Makkuli (special Korean alcoholic beverage, containing 2-4% alcohol) 114 persons (65.1%) showed less than 5 Hop and 37 persons (21.1%) showed 6-10 Hop, and 10.3% showed 11-20 Hop, and 2.9% liked to drink more than 20 Hop.
Alcoholic Beverages ; Drinking* ; Female ; Gwangju ; Humans ; Humulus ; Male ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits* ; Smoke* ; Smoking* ; Tobacco Products

Traumatic afflication of the elbow are so common in both adults and children that the frequency of elbow dislocation is in second to that of the shoulder. Its treatment is so standardized and its complications are well recognized. But there are some differences in biomechsnics of elbow structure of children and adult. We had analized clinically 68 cases of acute dislocation of elbow joint who were treated at Orthopedic Department, medical College of Yon Sei University. The results were as follows 1. The most prevalent age were 4–7 years old in children snd 26–35 years old in sdult. 2. The major mode of injury was slip down accident. 3. The most common type was posterior dislocation. 4. Accessory fractures were more common in child and associated injuries were more common in adult. 5. Good results were obtained from closed reduction and long arm cast immobilization. 6. Immobilization period was shorter in child even though in cases combined with accessory fracture. 7. There were few limitation of motion in children which were immobilized within 3 weeks and in adult which were immobilized within 1 week. But the more prolonged immobilization period, the severe limitation of motion was note. 8. There were less complications in child. 9. The most common mode of limitation of motion was extension.
Adult ; Arm ; Child ; Clinical Study ; Dislocations ; Elbow Joint ; Elbow ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Orthopedics ; Shoulder

No abstract available.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Sarcoma, Synovial*

Pleomorphic (undifferentated) carcinoma is a rare histologic type of carcinomas of the gallbladder and an atypical carcinoid is thought to be an intermediated type between carcinoid tumor and small cell carcinoma. Dense core "neurosecretory" granules can be found in the above mentioned tumors. We experienced a case of a double tumor of the gallbladder in a 51-year old male patient. Grossly, a large solid mass, about 5.0 cm in diameter, was found in the fundic portion and the neck portion also had a small 1.5 cm-sized polypoid mass. Microscopically, these lesions had features of pleomorphic carcinoma and atypical carcinoid, respectively. Immunohistochemically, they manifested reactivity for neuron specific enolase. Ultrastructural study revealed neurosecretory granules in the cytoplasms of tumor cells of the fundic and neck masses. Although light microscopic features of these tumor masses are quite different, we consider that these tumors represent a spectrum of neuroendocrine differentiation.
Male ; Humans

No abstract available.

Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma is histologically characterized by marked cellular pleomorphism of lipid-laden neoplastic astrocytes and bizarre giant cells showing mitotic figures and high cellularity. Inspite of its ominous-looking microscopic features, howerver, the prognosis is usually favorable. This tumor develops mainly in the supratentorial area of young people and frequently involves the leptomeninges. We experienced a case of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma in 18 year-old-male. In addition to the cellular pleomophism, the prominent reticulin fibers surround the individual tumor cells or the tumor cells nests. Immunohistochemical staining and electron microscopy revealed glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) expression and pericytoplasmic basal lamina in the tumor cells.

Congenital mesoblastic nephroma(CMN) is an important differential diagnosis of a renal mass occurring in the newborn or in early childhood. It was first described by Bolande as a separate disease entity distinct form Wilms' tumor. In 1974, Beckwith has predicted that this tumor has a pathologic spectrum with classic congenital mesoblastic nephroma at one extreme, unequivocally mallignant spindle cell sarcomas at the other, and intermediate "gray zone" lesions of indeterminate biologic significanse. In 1986, Joshi has described "atypical mesoblastic nephroma" as a potentially aggressive variant of CMN, which shows atypical gross and microscopic features such as hemorrhage, necrosis, high cellularity, and mitotic index. We report of a case of atypical mesoblastic nephroma presenting in a 38 days-old male infant. Grossly, the tumor involved the upper and midportion of the left kidney. On section, the cut surface was fleshy, grayish-white, and homogeneous. Microscopically, the tumorshowed high degree of cellularity and arrangement of fusiform cells in sheets and vague interlacing bundles. The individual tumor cells showed fusiform to oval nuclei, indistinct scanty pale-eosinophilic cytoplasm and many mitotic figures.
Infant ; Child ; Male ; Female ; Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Diagnosis, Differential

Rectovagianl fistula(RVF) is a congenital or acquired communication between the two epithelial-lined surface of the rectum and the vagina. We present our experience with 62 patients with RVF. There were various etiologies and repair methods of rectovaginal fistula. The purpose of this study was to retospectively review the clinical course of the patients we treated and to evaluate the efficacy of various treatment options. The mean age was 40.5 yr, The type of RVF was classified to one of two(simple and complex), according to their location, size and etiology. RVF was developed most commonly after radiotherapy due to cervical cancer(n=17), then after pelvic surgery due to malignancy(n=16), obstetric trauma after episiotomy at delivery(n=7), congenital malformation(n=4), inflammatory bowel disease(n=1), Bechet's disease(n=1), infections such as perianal fistula or abscess(n=2), direct invasion of carcinoma(n=3), after chemotherapy(n=1), and idiopathic(n=6). Three cases of them associated with rectovesicovaginal fistula. Surgical therapeutic option was divided to local repair, abdominal approach and tissue transposition by the type of RVF. Most simple RVFs were repaired with local approach through the vagina or rectum. Most complex RVFs were repaired through abdominal approach or tissue transposition. With an average follow up of 20 months, the treatment results were as follows: completely healed(n=36, 58.1%), persistent symptom(n=6, 9.7%), recurrence after repair(n=5, 8.1%), loss of search or death(n=15, 24.1%). Therefore we assist that the management of RVF depends on size, location, and cause. anal sphincter function and overall health status of the patient. Careful preoperative assessment of the fistula, surrounding tissues, and anal sphincter and exclusion of associated disease are essential. With through evaluation, thoughtful consideration of treatment options, and meticulous operative technique, patient can be assured of an optimal outcome.
Anal Canal ; Episiotomy ; Female ; Fistula ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Radiotherapy ; Rectovaginal Fistula* ; Rectum ; Recurrence ; Vagina

No abstract available.
Carcinogens* ; Colon* ; Colonic Neoplasms* ; Humans*

No abstract available.
Oncogenes* ; Rectal Neoplasms*