No abstract available.
Adult* ; Cytomegalovirus* ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique* ; Humans*

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Cytomegalovirus* ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique* ; Humans*

BACKGROUND: The population is aging and life expectancy is increasing. It is important to evaluate the functional ability of elderly for optimal care for elderly. This study was conducted to assess functional disability of elderly and to find out the factors having an effect on the disability. METHODS: It surveyed 1,541 individuals aged 65 years and older in Cluing-Yang province. Six ADL categories (bathing, dressing, feeding, transferring, toileting, and walking) were assessed and related factors were analyzed. RESULTS: ADL was independent in 85.2% of elderly and dependent in 14.8% of elderly. 55.1% of dependent elders were living without family. Bathing was the most common disable AI)L category. The factors having an effect on the disability of ADL were brain disease, self-rated health status, dyspnea, constipation, heart disease, diabetic mellitus, and living status. CONCLUSION: In a rural area, special prevention programs for brain disease, heart disease, and diabetic mellitus and a rehabilitation health service may improve ADL status of elders.
Activities of Daily Living* ; Aged* ; Aging ; Bandages ; Baths ; Brain Diseases ; Constipation ; Dyspnea ; Health Services ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Life Expectancy ; Rehabilitation

Recently, it was revealed that Jong-Ha Kim was the first self-employed Korean physician in Daejeon city of South Korea during the Japanese colonial period. However, little is known about him. In this paper, the author aimed to search for historical records of his activities as the first Korean physician in Daejeon city.Current Concepts: Kim’s clinic in Daejeon city was called Chung-Ang Clinic. This is all that has ever been confirmed about Jong-Ha Kim. The author has been searching for his medical record for the last year. Kim’s medical records were collected from journal papers on the modern history of Korea, National Institute of Korean History database, Naver news library archive, official gazette of the Japanese government-general of Korea, database of Seoul National University alumni, and a resume of a professor at the Hamhung Medical School. The results are as follows. He was born in Shinchang-ri Hamheung city Hamgyeongnam-do on August 9, 1900. He graduated from the missionary school established by Canadian missionaries and was admitted to Kyungseong (Keijo) Medical School in 1918. It was recently discovered that he participated in the Independence movement on March 1, 1919. His picture, an old leaflet for his clinic which he had used, and his resume as a professor at the Hamhung Medical School were discovered for the first time.Discussion and Conclusion: The historical records of Jong-Ha Kim’s life provide insight into the lives of contemporary doctors in modern Korea. During the period of 1900 to 1950, which encompasses his historical records, significant events took place in Korean history, and he actively participated in these events. Despite facing numerous difficulties as a doctor in modern Korea, Jong-Ha Kim made decisions that had a great impact. He was a great doctor who served as a good role model.

Objective: Menstruation is a great part as the procedure for physiological, psychological development and physical growth, and menstrual disorders are very common problems in adolescence period. these problems can be resolved by interview or appropriate education of normal pubertal development. However unlike other developed countries, systematic report or appropriate education for menstruation may not be performed in our country. Therefore. our pediatric department investigated for menstruation of normal pubertal age women as an information educating adolescence. Methods: In cross-sectional study (ex, questionnaire), 4112 junior high and high school girl students (12~18 years old) in Ansan, Kyungki-do were investigated for menarcheal age, menstrual cycle, duration, amount, premenstrual syndrome, dysmenorrhea and relation to family history. Resulta: 1) Mean Menarcheal age was 12.9+/-1.2 years. According to menarcheal age by present age, menarcheal age was younger when present age was young as menarcheal age 11.8+/-0.6 years at 12 years, 13.3+/-1.1 years at 16 years, and 13.7+/-1.1 years at 18 years, respectively (p<0.001). 2) The month during which menarche occurs most frequently was August (14.7%), followed by July, December and January. 3) Considering menstrual cycle, mixed type (regular and irregular cycle) was most common (39.0%), and menstrual cycle became regular after mean 8.8+/-8.4 months. 4) In women having regular menstrual cycle, most women (53.l0%) had menstrual cycles between 26 and 30 days, next was 21~25 days and 31~35 days according to frequency. 5) Menstrual duration was 5~6 days by 49.6% of the women. 6) Premenstrual syndrome was noted in 56.0% of the women, in that 42.5% experienced occasionally and 13.5% always, respectively. 7) Dysmenorrhea was showed in 85.0% of the women. A total of 63.7% of the respondents suffered from dysmenorrhea was unaffected on daily activity as grade l and was needed no medication to relieve pain. Grade 2 (20.5%) was defined that limited daily activity and was needed medication to relieve pain. Grade 3 (0.9%) was defined that inhibited daily activity seriously, and was unimproved by analgesics. 8) The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 78.0% at 12 years, 85.9% at 15 years and 94.0% at 18 years, respectively. Getting older, frequency of dysmenorrhea was increasing. 9) Dysmenorrhea was experienced for the first time during the first year after the menarche by 65.3% of the women. The amount of menstrual bleeding was significantly correlated to the severity of dysmenorrhea (P<0.001), and dysmenorrhea reported by the women was singificantly correlated to maternal dysmenorrhea (p<0.01) and to sisters with dysmenorrhea (p<0.001). Conclusions: We found that Korean adolescent girls had earlier menarcheal age than past period, and they had many problems for menstruation. This study suggested that it may be needed adolescent education and appropriate treatment of menstrual disorders.
Adolescent ; Analgesics ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Developed Countries ; Dysmenorrhea ; Education ; Female ; Female* ; Gyeonggi-do* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Menarche ; Menstrual Cycle ; Menstruation* ; Premenstrual Syndrome ; Prevalence ; Siblings

No abstract available.
Animals ; Ear, Middle* ; Graphite* ; Rats*

Laboratory diagnosis of respiratory viral infection has traditionally been based upon virus isolation and/or viral antigen identification. Recently, more sensitive and specific nucleic acid detection methods by reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) have been developed, however, conventional RT-PCR can identify only a single suspected virus. To identify the causative agents which belong to Paramyxoviridae of respiratory virus infections, we have developed a single-tube multiplex RT-PCR using four primer sets which can amplify respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus type 1, 2 and 3 simultaneously. Assay sensitivity of single-tube multiplex RT-PCR allowed a detection in the range of 3~500 TCID50 and there were no cross amplification among other respiratory viral agents based on the test using reference virus stocks. The single-tube multiplex RT-PCR was able to directly detect viruses in respiratory specimens, with virus being detected 11 of 80 samples as compared to 9 of 80 samples detected by indirect immunofluorescence or antigen detection following shell vial culture. This result suggests that the single-tube multiplex RT-PCR can be established as a more sensitive and rapid diagnostic application than shell vial assay for the detection of respiratory infection of Paramyxoviridae.
Clinical Laboratory Techniques ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect ; Humans* ; Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human* ; Paramyxoviridae ; Paramyxoviridae Infections* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human* ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ; Reverse Transcription*

Several growth factors and polypeptides are not commonly yet used for regenerators of bone tissue or alveolar bone because of the insufficiency of studies on their side effects, genetic engineering for mass production and stability for clinical application. Recently, many natural medicines, which have advantage of less side effects and possibility of long-term use, have been studied for their capacity and effects of anti-bacterial, antiinflammatory and regenerative potential of periodontal tissues. Olibanum, Myrrha, Phlomis Radix, and Cimicifugae Rhizoma have been traditionally used as a drug for treatment of bone disease in oriental medicine. The objective of this study was to examine the ability of alkaline phosphatase(ALP) synthesis of rat calvarial osteoblast(MC3T3-E1) when several natural medicines were supplemented. MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured with alpha-MEM(negative control), dexamethasone(positive control), and each natural medicines for 3 and 5 days. And then ALP synthesis was measured by spectrophotometer for enzyme activity and by naphthol AS-BI staining for morphometry. All of the natural medicines induced higher activity of ALP synthesis than the negative controls. Especially Olibanum induced the higher activity than the positive controls(p<0.05). In the aspects of culturing time, except Cimicifugae Rhizoma, the natural medicines induced higher activity of ALP synthesis at 5 days than at 3 days(p<0.05). In morphometry, all of the natural medicines showed statistical significance compared to the negative control(p<0.05). Myrrha and Phlomis Radix showed larger positively stained area at 5 days than at 3 days, whereas the others did not showed the difference between at 5 and at 3 days(p<0.05). These results indicate that several natural medicines have an inducing ability of ALP synthesis in MC3T3-E1 cells.
Rats ; Animals

Several growth factors and polypeptides were studied for the regeneration of periodontal supporting tissues which had been lost due to periodontal disease. But these are not commonly used for regenerators of bone tissue or alveolar bone, because of the insufficiency of studies on their side effects, genetic engineering for mass production and stability for clinical application. Recently, many natural products, which have advantage of less side effects and possibility of long-term use, have been studied for their capacity and effects of anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and regenerative potential of periodontal tissues. Cnidii Rhizoma, Rhinocerotis Cornu and Drynariae Rhizoma have been traditionally used as a drug for treatment of bone disease in oriental medicine. The purpose of this study was to examine the ability of alkaline phosphatase synthesis of MC3T3-E1 cells when above medicines were supplimented. MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured with alpha-MEM(negative control), dexamethasone(positive control), and each natural products for 3 and 5 days. And then ALP synthesis was measured by spectrophotometer for enzyme activity and by naphthol AS-BI staining for morphometry. Except Cnidii Rhizoma, all of the natural products of this study induced higher activity of ALP synthesis than controls. Among them Drynariae Rhizoma induced the highest activity. In the aspects of culturing time, all medicines did not showed the difference between 3 and 5 days, but 10-7g/ml group of Rhinocerotis Cornu showed significant increase at 3 days than at 5 days. These results indicate that several natural products have a inducing ability of ALP synthesis on osteoblasts.
Alkaline Phosphatase* ; Biological Products* ; Bone and Bones ; Bone Diseases ; Genetic Engineering ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Medicine, East Asian Traditional ; Osteoblasts ; Peptides ; Periodontal Diseases ; Polypodiaceae ; Regeneration

Cyclosporin A is a cyclic polypeptide produced by the metabolism of fungi. It is widely used at present as immunosuppressive treatment following organ transplants. It is also used to deal with autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or type II diabetes. Gingival hyperplasia is one of the most frequent side-effects associated with the prescription of Cyclosporin A. The mechanisms involved in Cyclosporin A induced gingival hyperplasia are not yet clear. In vitro Cyclosporin A promotes proliferation of gingival fibroblasts, that Cyclosporin A act as a mitogen. Its action is based on mitosis of gingival fibroblasts regulated by cell cycle regulatory proteins. It was the purpose of the present study to examine the effects of Cyclosporin A on human gingival fibroblasts by means of biological and biochemical criteria. In this present study, we examined change of cell proliferation, cell activity, cell viability and cell cycle progression after application of Cyclosporin A. We also examined expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins by western blot analysis. Human gingival fibroblasts were cultured for 48 hours with application of Cyclosporin A at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 ng/ml. Cyclosporin A(1 ng/ml) significantly increased the cell activity of gingival fibroblast. Proliferation and viability of gingival fibroblasts were also increased in group treated with 1 ng/ml of Cyclosporin A compared to control group. In the cell cycle analysis, S phase was increased and G1 phase was decreased in the group treated with 1 ng/ml of Cyclosporin A. Cyclosporin A increased the expression of cdk4 and inhibited the expression of pRB and p21. These results suggest that 1 ng/ml of Cyclosporin A may increase the cell cycle progression of human gingival fibroblasts, and its mechanisms may increase the expression of cdk4 and decrease the expression of pRB and p21.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; Cell Cycle* ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Survival ; Cyclosporine* ; Fibroblasts* ; Fungi ; G1 Phase ; Gingival Hyperplasia ; Humans* ; Metabolism ; Mitosis ; Prescriptions ; S Phase ; Transplants