Autogenous costal cartilage graft has been commonly used for reconstruction of auricular deformity. However, the risk of complication and discomfort at the donor site, as well as distortion of the graft due to morphological change in the cartilage have been serious drawbacks to this procedure. Previous studies examining the chondrogenic potential of perichondrium have suggested that perichondrium may be used as graft for cartilage reconstruction. When a perichondrial flap or a free perichondrium was used as graft, new cartilage formed appositional to the grafted perichondrium. However, the neocartilage was often irregular in shape and varied considerably in quantity. In this study, the feasibility of controlling the shape and the mass of neocartilage was investigated using coral, a porous biomaterial, as a template. A coral a template was wrapped with perichondrial flap from the ears of New Zealand white rabbits and placed into a subcutaneous pocket in the rabbits and placed into a subcutaneous pocket in the rabbit's back by incision. A total of 12 animals were used. Formation of new cartilage was later evaluated by gross and histological examination of the perichondrial flap and the coral template. New cartilage was formed in 11 animals. Immature chondrocytes were visible by 3 weeks after the surgery, and by 8 weeks the immature chondrocytes had formed a cartilage. New cartilage was formed only on the surface of the coral template. These results indicated that the shape and the mass of new cartilage may be controlled by using coral template. Therefore, the desired shape of cartilage may be achieved using a coral template of corresponding shape, and this may help in correcting subtle auricular contour defect and in correcting other structural defects that also require new cartilage formation.
Animals ; Anthozoa* ; Cartilage ; Chondrocytes ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Ear ; Humans ; Rabbits ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants

Chronic bronchiolitis is a condition associated with cigarette smoking, and later associated with pulmonary parenchymal alteration and progressive deterioration of lung function. Early respiratory bronchiolitis was produced in Sprague-Dawley rats by indirect inhalation of cigarette smoke daily in a smoke exposure chamber designed by authors for 1 month. Experimental group A (n=5) was sacrificed after having smoked 30 cigarettes, group B (n=5) after 80 cigarette, and group C (n=7) after 140 cigarettes, respectively. Examination of morphologic changes in the lungs was done on light microscope, transmission and scanning electron microscopes. Light microscopically, increase in number of goblet cells in the bronchial mucosa, brown-pigmented macrophages in the alveoli, multifocal alveolar collapse adjacent to the bronchioles, dilatation of alveolar ducts and alveolar spaces were observed. Transmission electron microscopically, irregularly shaped Clara cells, alveolar wall collapse, and focally type I epithelial cell injury were seen. Scanning electron microscopically, scattered alveolar collapse, irregular dilatation of alveolar ducts, alveolar spaces and interalveolar pores (pores of Kohn) were seen. The terminal and respiratory bronchioles showed morphological alteration of Clara cells, but no evidence of cellular bronchiolitis or bronchiolar obstruction. We conclude that sidestream smoke induces an early respiratory bronchiolitis including aggregates of brown pigmented macrophages and varying degrees of structural alteration of adjacent pulmonary parenchyma.
Bronchioles ; Bronchiolitis ; Dilatation ; Epithelial Cells ; Goblet Cells ; Inhalation ; Lung ; Macrophages ; Mucous Membrane ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Smoke* ; Smoking ; Tobacco Products*

The trematode Paramphistomum cervi empolyed in this experiment was obtained from the reticulum of cattle slaughtered at the local abbatoir. The worms were selected and washed several times in normal sterilized saline solution. Each about ten of intact worms were incubated in 50 cc volume of special incubation flasks with incubation mixture consisting of 50 cc of Krebs-Ringer phosohate buffer (pH 7.4) to which were added universally labeled C(14)-glucose and non-radioactive carrier glucose concentration of 200 mg per cent. The worms were allowed to incubate for 3 hours in the incubator at 38 C. After incubation period, respiratory CO(2) samples from central wall of incubation flask were analysed for total CO(2) production rate and their specific activity of respiratory CO(2). Glycogen samples isolated from worms were analysed for the tissue concentration and their radioactivities in order to determine the turnover rate of glycogen pool. The glucose uptake rate was determined by analysing the difference of the glucose concentration in a medium before and after incubation period. Radioactivities of these series of experiments were counted by an endwindow Geiger-Muller counter as an infinitely thin samples. The quantitative analysis of C(14)-glucose utilized by Paramphistomum cervi was summerized as the following. The glucose uptake rate by Paramphistomum was a mean value of 2.32+/-0.27 micro-mole/hr/g of wet wt. and total CO(2) production rate by the worms averaged 10.85+/-0.41 micro-mole/hr/g of wet wt. The relative specific activities of respiratory CO(2) averaged 49.72+/-13.20 per cent. Thus, a mean of 49.72 per cent of total CO(2) production rate was originated from the glucose in the medium, therefore the rate of CO(2) production derived from medium glucose was mean of 5.24+/-2.16 micro-mole/hr/g of wet wt. Thus, the average value of 37.46+/-5.28 per cent of glucose utilized by the worms from the medium glucose was oxidized to respiratory CO(2). The tissue concentration of Paraphismum was a mean of 41.56+/-5.82 micro-mole/hr/g of wet wt or 4.16+/-0.72 per cent/g , and the turnover rate of glycogen pool yielded with a mean of 0.12+/-0.014 percent/hr or 0.06+/-0.04 mg/hr/g of wet wt. Therefore, a mean value of 16.75+/-4.84 per cent of glucose was incorporated to the glycogen. These data account for that at least 54.21 per cent of the utilized glucose by the worms participated in furnishing the oxidation into respiratory CO(2) and the synthetic process into glycogen. According to the above data of the experiment, it is suggested in the metabolic process of glucose by the Paramphistomum that the synthetic process into the glycogen is less active than the oxidative process into the resppiratory CO(2).
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Paramphistomum cervi ; autoradiography ; biochemistry ; glucose ; metabolism ; CO(2) ; glycogen

PURPOSE: Exercise is frequently recommended in the management of diabetes mellitus(DM) and can improve blood control by increasing insulin sensitivity and psychological benefits. Exercise can result in good glycemic control in type 2 DM, when combined with diet and drug therapy. However, in type 1 DM, the expected improvement in glycemic control with exercise have not been clearly established. Effects of exercise on glycemic control in patients with type 1 DM were investigated. METHODS: 20 patients with of type 1 DM, who were no retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy and cardiac disorders, were enrolled and exercised for 30min. with 50% of individualized maximum VO2. Blood sugar concentration were measured before, immediate and 15min after exercise. The results were evaluated with HbA1c, C-peptide and DM duration. RESULTS: Blood sugar concentration were significantly decreased from pre-exercise 198+/-9.7mg/dL to immediate 145+/-7.1mg/dL and at 15min. Post-exercise 134+/-4.0mg/dL(P<0.05). In case with HbA1c<10%, there was significantly decreased in blood sugar level from pre-exercise 176+/-9.7mg/dL to immediate 123+/-63.2mg/dL and at 15min post-exercise 113+/-1.9mg/dL(P<0.05). In case with HbA1c>10% there was also significantly decreased in blood sugar levels 222+/-64.7mg/dL, 169+/-6.1mg/dL, 157+/-1.2mg/dL respectively(P<0.05). Group with moderate decreased blood sugar(40-99mg/dL) was 8 patients(42.1%), group with mild decreased blood sugar(<40mg/dL) was 7 patients(36.8%) and group with decreased more than 100mg/dL was 4 patients(21.5%). There was no correlation in degree of decreased blood sugar concentration among HbA1c, C-peptide, DM duration. CONCLUSION: Proper exercise in type 1 diabetic children can decrease blood sugar level significantly and make good glycemic control and can decrease DM microvascular complications in addition to motivating physically active lifestyle.
Blood Glucose ; C-Peptide ; Child ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1* ; Diet ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; Life Style

No abstract available.
Chondrogenesis* ; Ear*

PURPOSE: This study was designed to determine whether men who engaged in recreational bicycle riding are more likely to be affected by lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and sexual dysfunction than are man who exercised by amateur marathon running with less perineal impact. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 22 healthy male amateur bicyclists and 17 healthy male amateur marathoners were enrolled in the study. We evaluated questionnaires including the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), uroflowmetric values, postvoid residual (PVR) urine volume, and transrectal ultrasound of the prostate in all subjects. We also compared the prevalence of urination disorders (UD) and erectile dysfunction (ED). RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the two groups in age, body mass index, comorbidities, or exercise habits (p>0.05). Mean total and subscale scores of the IPSS and IIEF and the prevalence of UD (8/22 vs. 4/17, p=0.494) and ED (11/22 vs. 10/17, p=0.748) were not significantly different between the two groups. Also, there were no significant differences between the two groups in uroflowmetric parameters such as peak urinary flow rates, voided urine volume, PVR urine volume, prostate volume, or serum PSA level. CONCLUSIONS: Bicycle riding seems to have no measurable hazardous effect on voiding function or sexual function in men who cycled recreationally.
Bicycling ; Body Mass Index ; Comorbidity ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Humans ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; Male ; Prevalence ; Prostate ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Recreation ; Running ; Urination Disorders

Pulmonary function test is one of the most important tools in the management of patients with respiratory tract diseases and allergic diseases. As with the difficulties in performing the test, it has been seldom used in pediatric field. But with the advent of simple, computerized tools, pediatric pulmonologist and allergist try to manage the patients using PFT. Still the normal predicted values are variable among the reports. So it is important to have normal predicted value in Korean children. From April to July 1992, pulmonary function test was performed in 965(male: 490, female: 475) primary school-aged children except <3 or >97 percentile of Korean-children Physical developemental standards with history of allergic diseases and respiratory tract diseases ay SungNam, KyongKiDo. We evaluated the predicted normal values of the FEV1.0, FVC and PEFR and logarithmic regression equation setting the predicted values by using the microspirometer of Micromedical Ltd. England that could that could be easily applied to children. 1) Predicted values of pulmonary function test items were generally higher in boys than those of girls. 2) Correlation coefficient to the parameters examined was the highest in height 0.78, then age 0.75, weight 0.70 and chest circumference 0.61.
Child* ; England ; Female ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Peak Expiratory Flow Rate ; Reference Values ; Respiratory Function Tests* ; Respiratory Tract Diseases ; Thorax

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Nephrons*

Solid hemangioblastomas of the medulla oblongata are benign vascular neoplasms located in a critical area. We experienced a case of solid hemangioblastoma originated in the medulla oblongata with the syrinx in the cervical spinal cord. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging provided precise anatomical location and radiologic features of the tumor, which facilitated its total removal. Cardiovascular and pulmonary disorders often complicate this type of surgery, and postoperative dysphagia is a frequent sequelae.
Deglutition Disorders ; Hemangioblastoma* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Medulla Oblongata* ; Spinal Cord ; Vascular Neoplasms

The treatment of massive bone and soft tissue defect in the lower leg has a high complication rate of nonunion, chronic infection, and amputation without well-vascularized tissue coverage of the open fracture. Despite adequate free soft tissue coverage, massive skeletal defect may result in segmental bone defects, angulation deformity, and limb length discrepancies. In the last decade, major advances have occurred in the Ilizarov method of distraction osteogenesis in lower leg salvage as a delayed procedure or simultaneous distraction after free-tissue transfer. The authors have performed Ilizarov transport in conjunction with muscle and musculocutaneous flap coverage in nine cases of lower leg salvage. The flaps consist of rectus, gracilis, latissimus dorsi, parascapular, and serratus muscle or musculocutaneous fashioning using ipsilateral or contralateral pedicle in consideration of vessel condiation. Revision, recorticotomy and flap elevation were also used as a secondary procedure for satisfactory results. The conclusions, were as follows: 1) Multidisciplinary team approach with conjoining departments at the time of preoperative evaluation, postoperative care and rehabilitation care; 2) Muscle flap covered with split-thickness skin graft was preferred to musculocutaneous flap; 3) To reduce the total reconstructive period, simultaneous free tissue transfer with Ilizarov distraction should be considered.
Amputation ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Extremities ; Fractures, Open ; Ilizarov Technique ; Leg* ; Myocutaneous Flap ; Osteogenesis* ; Osteogenesis, Distraction ; Postoperative Care ; Rehabilitation ; Skin ; Superficial Back Muscles ; Transplants