OBJECT: Accumulating evidence suggests a greater number of subcortical hyperintensities in the brain with bipolar disorder. We studied the Clinical correlates of subcortical hyperintensities on magnetic resonance imaging in patients with Bipolar Disorder. METHODS: Magnetic resonance images of the brain were obtained for 32 patients with bipolar disorder. The presence and location of hyperintensities were assessed. We compared clinical variables between with subcortical hyperintensities and patients without them. RESULTS: Seven Patients(21.8%) had subcortical hyperintensities, but among 8 patients who were or older, 5 patients(625) had them, Age and age of onset of patients with subcotical hyperintensities were significantly older than patients without them. Psychotic symptoms were more frequent in patients with hyperintensities. Patients without hyperintesities had more familial loading. CONCLUSION: Given the limitations of the study, our results should be seen as preliminary. This study, however, provides preliminary evidence supporting the notion that the onset, clinical feature and course of some bipolar disorders of late onset may be determined by underlying subcortical abnormalities, with such abnormalities being the consequence of factors related to aging or neurodegeneration(such as impaired cerebral circulation) rather than genetic factors which predispose to early-onset bipolar disorders.
Age of Onset ; Aging ; Bipolar Disorder* ; Brain ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging*

No abstract available.
Leiomyoma* ; Vagina*

No abstract available.
Peritoneum*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Amniotic Band Syndrome* ; Infant, Newborn

This study was intended to investigate the pre-and postoperative profile of seizures in the patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformatins(AVM's), and to evaluate various preoperative factors to predict the postoperative occurrence of seizures. The patients consisted of 46 consecutive cases with supratentorial AVM's operated on from May 1987 to May 1993. Their mean follow-up duration was 40 months. The pre- and postoperative seizure profiles were similar to each other. The overall incidence of patients experiencing seizure were 50% preoperatively and 52% postoperatively, and the incidence of intractable seizure was 15%, which was the same in both the pre-and postoperatively period. The presence of preoperative seizure and large size of AVM were significant indicators of high incidence of postoperative seizures(P<0.05), while other factors such as preoperative intracerebral hemorrhage or embolization showed no significant influence on the occurrence of postoperative seizures. About 70% of the patients with preoperative seizures also had postoperative seizures, while those without preoperative seizures developed new ones only in 35% of the cases postoperatively. The mean size of the AVM's in the group, with postoperative seizures was larger than that of the group without postoperative seizures(4.56 vs. 3.02 cm). Regarding postoperative intractable seizures, 57% of the group with preoperative intractable seizures remained intractable postoperatively and groups with preoperatively controlled and groups without seizures demonstrated postoperative intractablity only in 13% and 4% respectively. In conclusion, surgery of AVM's did not change the overall incidence of seizures, both controlled and intractable, and patients with preoperative and large sized AVM's and significantly higher possibility of postoperative seizures. Patients with preoperative intractable seizures resulted in control of seizures in 43% after removal of AVM, while 57% remained intractable. Extirpation of epileptic focl, after localization with preoperative study, seems to be needed to improve the outcome of the postoperative seizures.
Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations* ; Seizures*

BACKGROUND: Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction may precede systolic dysfunction and play a major role in producing the signs and symptoms of congestive heart failure. Ischemic heart disease can cause impairment of left ventricular filling without any alteration in systolic function so it is very important to evaluate relationship of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and ischemic heart disease. The purpose of this study is to investigate left ventricular diastolic dysfunction during transient myocardial ischemia caused by balloon occlusion. METHODS: We prospectively studied 20 patients(11 males and 9 females, mean age : 58.5+/-5.9 years) who had been undergone coronary angiography and confirmed significant luminal stenosis(> or =75%)in proximal or middle portion of left anterior descending artery. After coronary angiography, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty were performed all patients. We measured early propagation slope of left ventricular inflow, time difference(TD) between occurrence of peak velocity in the apical region and at the mitral tip and normalized TD(nTD) which dividing TD by the distance of mitral opening to apical region using color M-mode Doppler echocardiography, peak earaly diastolic transmitral inflow velocity(E), peak velocity during atrial contraction(A), E to A ratio, acceleration time of E wave and deceleration time of E wave using pulsed wave Doppler echocardiography, left ventricular end diastolic pressure using left heart catheterization. A color M-mode Doppler echocardiography, pulsed wave Doppler echocardiography and left ventricular end diastolic pressure were recorded before, during 30sec, 60sec & 90sec and after 60sec & 180sec balloon occlusion. RESULTS: Early propagation slope of left ventricular inflow was significantly decreased during 30sec & 60sec balloon occlusion and significantly increased after 60sec & 180sec balloon occlusion, respectively (64.45+/-28.23cm/sec, 39.37+/-11.77cm/sec, 32.78+/-11.77cm/sec, 51.86+/-19.78cm/sec, 65.05+/-29.99cm/sec, p<0.05). Time difference(TD) between occurrence of peak velocity in the apical region and at the mitral tip was significantly increased during 30sec & 60sec balloon occlusion and significantly decreased after 60sec & 180sec balloon occlusion, respectively(60+/-20msec, 90+/-30msec, 110+/-30msec, 80+/-20msec, 60+/-20msec, p<0.05). Normalized time difference(nTD) was significantly increased during 30sec & 60sec balloon occlusion and significantly decreased after 60sec & 180sec balloon occlusion, respectively(11.24+/-3.87msec/cm, 17.76+/-6.67msec/cm, 21.51+/-6.67msec/cm, 15.22+/-4.00msec/cm, 12.63+/-3.59msec/cm, p<0.05). Left ventricular end diastolic pressure was significantly increased during 30sec & 60sec balloon occlusion and significantly decreased after 60sec & 180sec balloon occlusion, respectively(9.70+/-3.88mmHg, 14.15+/-6.49mmHg, 17.00+/-7.14mmHg, 10.20+/-3.68mmHg, 8.75+/-3.16mmHg, p<0.05). Peak early diastolic transmitral inflow velocity(E), peak velocity during atrial contraction(A), E to A ratio, acceleration time of E wave and deceleration time of E wave were not significantly different(p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that transient myocardial ischemia can cause left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and color M-mode Doppler echocardiography is very sensitive diagnostic method to detect early diastolic dysfunction compare to other echocardiographic diastolic indices.
Acceleration ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Arteries ; Balloon Occlusion ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Coronary Angiography ; Deceleration ; Echocardiography ; Echocardiography, Doppler* ; Echocardiography, Doppler, Pulsed ; Female ; Heart Failure ; Heart Ventricles* ; Humans ; Male ; Myocardial Ischemia* ; Phenobarbital ; Prospective Studies

BACKGROUND: In aerometabolic process, the human heart mainly utilizes free acid as fuel. During anaerobic process, lactate production by the myocardium is increased and accumulates in the myocardium. Thus it decreases the contractility of myocadium. Therefore in patients with ischemic heart disease, lactate prodution must be increased by the myocardium during myocardial ischemia. During paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, patients frequently experience chest pain and ST segment depression suggesting acute myocardial ischemia. However it occurs on a physiologic basis independent of ischemia. The purpose of this study was to assess whether tachycardia induced by artial pacing produces myocardial ischemia in patients without evidence of ischemic heart disease. METHODS: Between May 28, 1996 and August 13, 1996, at the University of Keimyung, Dong-San Medical center, 15 patients(male 9, female 6, mean age of 38 years) with palpititation underwent electrophysiologic testing and had radiofrequency cather ablation. There were no evidence of ischemic heart disease. Right artrial pacing was done with lengths of 500msec, 400msec and 350msec in each 5 patients. A 12 lead electrdcardiogram, left ventricular enddiastolic pressure, blood from femoral artery and coronary sinus for lactate determinations and blood gas analysis were dbtained simultaneously. They were obtained at baseline, at 1, 5, 10 and 15 minute of atrial pacing and at 1, 5, 10 minute after cessation of pacing. RESULT: Significant changes were not observed in , , concentration of , pH and saturation. In all patients, mean percent lactate extraction was above 10% and not significantly changed during atrial pacing. However ST segment depression was significantly progressive during atrial pacing and according to decrease the cycle length(p<0.05), also left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was significantly decreased during atrial pacing(p<0.05). Conclusion: Therefore tachycardia induced by atrial pacing for 15 minutes did not produce myocardial ischemia in patients without evidence of ischemic heart disease. Depression of STsegment during supraventricular tachycardia or atrial pacing, in patient without underlying heart disease is necessary to inveestigate what makes this phenomenon.
Blood Gas Analysis ; Blood Pressure ; Chest Pain ; Coronary Sinus ; Depression ; Female ; Femoral Artery ; Heart ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Ischemia ; Lactic Acid ; Metabolism* ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Myocardium ; Tachycardia ; Tachycardia, Supraventricular

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine whether an elevated homocysteine (Hcy) level is associated with a worse prognosis in Korean patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 5839 patients (60.4% male, mean age 61.3±11.2 years) with CAD were enrolled from 2000 to 2010 at Gangnam Severance Hospital. CAD was diagnosed by invasive coronary angiography. Laboratory values including Hcy level were obtained on the day of coronary angiography and analyses were performed shortly after sampling. Patients were divided into two groups according to their Hcy levels. Baseline risk factors, coronary angiographic findings, length of follow-up, and composite endpoints including cardiac death (CD) and non-fatal myocardial infarction (NFMI) were recorded. 1:1 propensity score matched analysis was also performed. RESULTS: Over a mean follow-up period of 4.4±2.5 years, there were 132 composite endpoints (75 CD and 57 NFMI) with an event rate of 2.3%. Mean Hcy level was 9.9±4.3 µmol/L (normal Hcy 7.9±1.5 µmol/L and elevated Hcy 13.9±5.1 µmol/L). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed an association of elevated Hcy level with worse prognosis (p<0.0001). In addition, a multivariate Cox regression analysis showed an association of elevated Hcy level with worse prognosis for both the entire cohort (hazard ratio [HR] 2.077, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.467-2.941, p<0.0001) and the propensity score matched cohort (HR 1.982, 95% CI 1.305-3.009, p=0.001). CONCLUSION: Elevated Hcy level is associated with worse outcomes in Korean patients with CAD.
Cohort Studies ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Death ; Follow-Up Studies ; Homocysteine* ; Humans ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction ; Prognosis ; Propensity Score* ; Risk Factors

The purpose of this study was to understand the general features of pulmonary embolism in neurosurgical patients. The authors retrospectively reviewed 24 cases of pulmonary embolism from 1981 to 1994. The overall incidence of pulmonary embolism was 0.2%, but in the most prevalent year(194) it was 1.3%. Lower extremity weakness and immobilization was the most common predisposing condition. Of 24 patients with pulmonary embolism, 23 patients showed lower extremity weakness, and the mean duration of immobilization was 47 days. Most patients(80%) had symptoms of pulmonary embolism within 4 weks after operation. Medical prophylactic method had not been used in patients other than physical prophylactic method-graduated compression stocking, position change or physical therapy. Heparinization was given to 18 patients(75%), and minor hemorrhagic complication developed in 2 patients, but no major bleeding occurred. Inferior vena cava filter was applied in 2 patients. Only one patient suffered from recurrence and it w as not fatal. Of the 24 patients, 7 died, however only one patient died of pulmonary embolism. In our study, the prognosis of pulmonary embolism was not as serious as it has been reported in the literature. However, more precise studies will be needed to understand the fate of pulmonary embolism in Korean neurosurgical patients.
Hemorrhage ; Heparin ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Incidence ; Lower Extremity ; Neurosurgery ; Prognosis ; Pulmonary Embolism* ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Stockings, Compression ; Vena Cava Filters