In an attempt to investigate the role of endogenous opiate in the changes of regional cerebral flow(rCBF) in intracerrebral hematoma(ICH), an experimental model of ICH was induced in the cat. Forty adult cats were divided into four groups, saline-treated normal control group(10 cats), saline-treated ICH group(10 cats) and naloxone-treated ICH group(10 cats) respectively. The ICH was induced in the right frontal region stereotactically with the autogenous arterial blood(1.5ml). The rCBF measurements done by hydrogen clearance method were carried out in each cat immediately, 20 min, 40 min, 60 min, 80 min, 100 min, 120 min, 140 min, and 160 min following ICH induction, and naloxone(10 mg/kg) was intravenously administered immediately, 60 min and 120 min after ICH induction. ICH induction resulted in increases of mean arterial blood pressure(MABP) and intracranial pressure(ICP) and decrease of rCBF of the ipsilateral hemisphere. Naloxone did not modify the pattern of MABP and ICP changes, however it transiently increased rCBF, every time the drug was administered in naloxone-treated control group and from 60 min following ICH induction in naloxone-treated ICH group. The animals were sacrificed 180 min after ICH induction and the brains were sliced and prepared with Evans Blue, which revealed no significant mass effect, midline shift or perifocal brain edema. It is concluded that the decrease of rCBF in ICH could be influenced by endogenous opiates and naloxone could improve decreased rCBF in ICH without increase of MABP or decrease of ICP.
Adult ; Animals ; Brain ; Brain Edema ; Cats* ; Evans Blue ; Hematoma* ; Humans ; Hydrogen ; Models, Theoretical ; Naloxone* ; Opioid Peptides

Mucocele of the appendix is uncomrnon and rarely diagnosed preoperatively. The malignant rountpart-i.e. mucinous cystadenocarcinoma--has the same grross appearance and many micro scopic features in cornmon wilhe the benign form. It rnay be associated with ovarian mucinous cystadenoma of strikingly similar microscopic appearence. A serious complication is a rupture of the mucoeele resulting in pseudomyxoma peritonei. Each case of benign and malignant mucocelr of the appendix falsely diagnosecl as an oovarian tumor before laparotxumy are presented wilh a brief rieview of the literatures.
Appendix* ; Cystadenoma, Mucinous ; Mucins ; Mucocele* ; Pseudomyxoma Peritonei ; Rupture

No abstract available.
Toluene*

Oculocutaneous Albinism (OCA) is a heterogenous autosomal recessive disorder characterized by defective melanin biosynthesis. Physical findings including white scalp hair and depigmented skin of whole body in newborn infants are important clinical features of OCA 1. We report a newborn case of OCA 1 with two different TYR mutations, and gene defects of the baby revealed to be originated from both parents carriers of OCA.
Albinism, Oculocutaneous* ; Hair ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Melanins ; Parents ; Scalp ; Skin

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the spatial changes of mesial-in rotated maxillary molar and opposite anchor tooth during derotation by the precision transpalatal arch (TPA) with the use of a new typodont simulation system, the Calorific machine system, which was designed to observe the whole process of tooth movement. The maxillary right first molar was used for the anchor tooth and the maxillary left first molar was used for the mesial-in rotated tooth, and the angle of rotation was increased to 20, 40, and 60. A passive precision TPA was fabricated and then activated by bending the left arm to 20, 40, and 60. Each experiment was repeated five times under the same conditions and analyzed by ANOVA and Tucky's Studentized Range (HSD) test. In the occlusal plane, when the bending angle of precision TPA was increased, the mesiobuccal cusp of the rotated molar moved more buccally (p<0.001) and less distally (p<0.001) while the distolingual cusp moved in the mesiopalatal direction. In the sagittal plane, the palatal roots of the derotated molar moved mesially (p<0.001). In the traverse plane, the derotated molar showed slight extrusion (p<0.001). The upper right first molar, which was used as an anchor tooth, showed clinically insignificant movement across all three planes.
Arm ; Dental Occlusion ; Humans ; Molar* ; Tooth ; Tooth Movement

OBJECTIVE: Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is common in elderly patients. So, with an increasing number of elderly people in the general population, there is a need to investigate risk factors which increase recurrence rate. In this study, factors affecting the postoperative recurrence are investigated based on the reoperative CSDH cases. METHODS: Total of ninety-seven patients was enrolled in this study who had have operation for CSDH. In all patients, one burr hole trephination and drainage was the method of choice for the initial treatment of CSDH. We retrospectively evaluated several factors which affect to recurrence of CSDH. RESULTS: Retrospective analysis was performed in 97 patients. Sixteen patients experienced reoperation within 3 months (16/97, 16.5%) for recurrence of CSDH. And, when hematoma was divided by internal architecture, heterogeneous density group seems to be have close relationship with recurrence more significantly than homogeneous density group (p=0.002). Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, early removal of drainage tube, bilaterality of hematoma also have significant relationship with recurrence. CONCLUSION: Recurrence rate of CSDH treated with one burr hole drainage is related with some various factors. There was statistically significant difference between recurred group and non-recurred group. Not only demographic factors but also internal architecture on preoperative brain computed tomography is a significant predicting factor of recurrence in CSDH patients who underwent a surgery. In this study, heterogeneous type hematoma have significantly related with recurrence of CSDH. We should give attention to these predicting factors for more effective care.
Aged ; Brain ; Demography ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Drainage* ; Hematoma ; Hematoma, Subdural, Chronic* ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Recurrence* ; Reoperation ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Trephining

Quercetin is a plant-derived flavonoid found in fruits or vegetables that has antioxidant properties and acts as a free radical scavenger. We investigated the effects of quercetin on porcine oocyte nuclear maturation and embryonic development after parthenogenetic activation. We then evaluated the antioxidant activities of quercetin by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in matured oocytes. Immature oocytes were untreated or treated with 1, 10, and 50 microg/mL quercetin during in vitro maturation (IVM). Quercetin treatment did not improve oocyte nuclear maturation, but significantly higher blastocyst rates (p < 0.05) of parthenogenetically activated oocytes were achieved when the IVM medium was supplemented with an adequate concentration of quercetin (1 microg/mL). However, cleavage rates and blastocyst cell numbers were not affected. Oocytes treated with 1 or 10 microg/mL quercetin had significantly lower (p < 0.05) levels of ROS than the control and group treated with the highest concentration of quercetin (50 microg/mL). Moreover, this highest concentration was detrimental to oocyte nuclear maturation and blastocyst formation. Based on our findings, we concluded that exogenous quercetin reduces ROS levels during oocyte maturation and is beneficial for subsequent embryo development.
Animals ; Antioxidants/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; In Vitro Oocyte Maturation Techniques/*veterinary ; Oocytes/cytology/*drug effects/physiology ; Quercetin/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Reactive Oxygen Species/*metabolism ; *Swine

Quercetin is a plant-derived flavonoid found in fruits or vegetables that has antioxidant properties and acts as a free radical scavenger. We investigated the effects of quercetin on porcine oocyte nuclear maturation and embryonic development after parthenogenetic activation. We then evaluated the antioxidant activities of quercetin by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in matured oocytes. Immature oocytes were untreated or treated with 1, 10, and 50 microg/mL quercetin during in vitro maturation (IVM). Quercetin treatment did not improve oocyte nuclear maturation, but significantly higher blastocyst rates (p < 0.05) of parthenogenetically activated oocytes were achieved when the IVM medium was supplemented with an adequate concentration of quercetin (1 microg/mL). However, cleavage rates and blastocyst cell numbers were not affected. Oocytes treated with 1 or 10 microg/mL quercetin had significantly lower (p < 0.05) levels of ROS than the control and group treated with the highest concentration of quercetin (50 microg/mL). Moreover, this highest concentration was detrimental to oocyte nuclear maturation and blastocyst formation. Based on our findings, we concluded that exogenous quercetin reduces ROS levels during oocyte maturation and is beneficial for subsequent embryo development.
Animals ; Antioxidants/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; In Vitro Oocyte Maturation Techniques/*veterinary ; Oocytes/cytology/*drug effects/physiology ; Quercetin/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Reactive Oxygen Species/*metabolism ; *Swine

The demographics and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer patients have changed during the last few decades. We conducted this study to assess the change in demographics and prognosis in resected non-small cell lung cancer patients during a 20-yr single-institution study in Korea. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 2,076 non-small cell lung cancer patients who underwent pulmonary resection between 1990 and 2009. Their clinical characteristics and survival were analyzed over a five-year period. With time, the proportions of female, adenocarcinoma, stage IA, and lobectomy patients increased, whereas the proportions of male, squamous cell carcinoma, stage IIIA, and pneumonectomy patients decreased. These demographic changes caused improved prognosis. The five-year survival rate of all patients was 53.9%. The five-year survival rate increased from 31.9% in 1990-1994, to 43.6% in 1995-1999, 51.3% in 2000-2004, and 69.7% in 2005-2009 (P < 0.001). In conclusion, among patients with resected non-small cell lung cancer, the proportions of female, adenocarcinoma, stage IA, and lobectomy patients have increased, and the five-year survival rate has gradually improved during the last 20 yr in Korea.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/*diagnosis/mortality/surgery ; Child ; Demography ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/*diagnosis/mortality/surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Republic of Korea ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: Lobectomy and more extended anatomic resection are regarded as standard treatment for stage Ia non-small cell lung cancer, but approximately 15~40% of patients suffer from treatment failures such as cancer recurrence or death. The authors analyzed types and causes of treatment failures in surgically treated cases of stage Ia non small cell lung cancer. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 156 patients who had undergone complete resection for stage Ia NSCLC between Jan 1992 and Aug 2005. Patients were divided into two different treatment failure groups: cancer-related deaths and non-cancer-related deaths. Risk factors were analyzed in each group by the Kaplan-Meyer survival method and the Cox proportional hazard model. RESULT: Among the 156 patients, 93 were males; the mean age was 61. The median follow-up period was 33.8 months. The 5 year survival rate was 87.6%. Microscopic lympho-vascular permeation was reported in 10 patients. Recurrence was reported in 19 patients and 12 patients died due to recurrent lung cancer. Non- cancer related deaths occurred in 16 patients. Risk factors for cancer recurrence and cancer related death were microscopic lympho-vascular permeation (HR=6.81, p=0.007, HR=7.81, p<0.001); for non-cancer related death, risk factors were pneumonectomy (HR=25.92, p=0.001) and postoperative cardiopulmonary complications (HR=29.67, p=0.002). CONCLUSION: After complete resection of stage Ia non small cell lung cancer patients, mortality includes not only cancer related deaths but also cancer unrelated deaths. Adjuvant chemotherapy is advised for patients who show microscopic lympho-vascular permeation, which is a risk factor for recurrence and for cancer related death. Patients who had pneumonectomy or who suffered from cardiac or respiratory complications need meticulous care in order to reduce comorbidity-induced death.
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Medical Records ; Pneumonectomy ; Postoperative Care ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Failure