In an attempt to elucidate the pathological changes following common bile duct ligation, the present study was undertaken in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Morphologic studies of the livers were performed at 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15 weeks after common bile duct ligation. In an attempt to clarify the relationship between the process of bile duct formation and the nature of primitive cells observable around the primitive biliary structure, light microscopic, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies were performed. The results were noted as follows: 1) Light microscopically, proliferation of biliary cells began in the periphery of portal areas and expanded toward hepatic lobules. In severe cases of biliary structure proliferation, hepatocytic cords and classic hepatic lobules were inconspicuous. 2) Immunohistochemically, CK-19 expression was limited to biliary structures in protal areas and proliferated biliary epithelial cells. In the serial sections of paraffin block, proliferated intrahepatic biliary structures were associated with those of portal areas. Some oval cells in the ductular hepatocytes were stained for both CK-19 and MNF 116. 3) Ultrastructurally, the proliferated biliary epithelial cells divided into three patterns: absence of lumen, formation of incomplete lumen, and formation of complete lumen. Furthermore these patterns had spectral continuity of maturation in their structures. 4) In some biliary structures, individual biliary cells pushed the basement membrane toward neighboring tissue with accompanying destruction of basement membranes, patterns of budding. Sometimes these cells and hepatocytes comprised the same lumen. In summary, the results obtained by the present study indicate that proliferated biliary structures may be derived from the preexisting intralobular or portal biliary system.
Male ; Humans

No abstract available.
DNA* ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis* ; Mycobacterium* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction*

PURPOSE: Atopy is a state of allergic response, mediated by IgE, to common environmental allergens. In recent decades, there has been an increase in prevalence of atopic disorders in children in developed countries. The factor associated with the rise of atopy incidence may be declining exposure to some infection opportunities. The aim of this study is to determine if the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis can suppress atopy by investigating the association between tuberculin responses and serum IgE. METHODS: We divided the patients into two groups according to tuberculin skin test. Group A showed positive response (induration diameter > or =10mm), while Group B showed negative response (induration diameter< l0mm). A comparison was made between the two groups in terms of age, sex, serum total IgE and allergen-specific IgE. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients comprised Group A and 72 comprised Group B. The mean serum total IgE concentration and the number of patients showing positive MAST in Group B was significantly higher than that of Group A (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: In our study, there was an inverse association between delayed hypersensitivity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and atopy.
Allergens ; Child ; Developed Countries ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity, Delayed ; Immunoglobulin E* ; Incidence ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Prevalence ; Skin Tests ; Tuberculin*

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the clinical and functional outcomes of arthroscopic-assisted reduction and percutaneous screw fixation for glenoid fractures with scapular extension, and investigate the radiologic and clinical benefits from the results. METHODS: We evaluated patients treated with arthroscopic-assisted reduction and percutaneous screw fixation for glenoid fractures with scapular extension from November 2008 to September 2015. Fractures with displacement exceeding one-fourth of the anterior-articular surface or more than one-third of the posterior-articular surface in radiographic images were treated by surgery. Clinical assessment was conducted based on range of motion, Rowe score, and Constant score of injured arm and uninjured arm at last follow-up. RESULTS: Fifteen patients with Ideberg classification grade III, IV, and V glenoid fracture who underwent arthroscopic-assisted reduction using percutaneous screw fixation were retrospectively enrolled. There were no differences in clinical outcomes at final follow-up compared to uninjured arm. Bone union was seen in all cases within five months, and the average time to bone union was 15.2 weeks. Ankylosis in one case was observed as a postoperative complication, but the symptoms improved in response to physical therapy for six months. There was no failure of fixation and neurovascular complication. CONCLUSIONS: We identified acceptable results upon radiological and clinical assessment for the arthroscopic-assisted reduction and percutaneous fixation. For this reason, we believe the method is favorable for the treatment of Ideberg type III, IV, and V glenoid fractures. Restoration of the articular surface is considered to be more important than reduction of fractures reduction of the scapula body.
Ankylosis ; Arm ; Arthroscopy ; Classification ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation ; Glenoid Cavity ; Humans ; Methods ; Postoperative Complications ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Retrospective Studies ; Scapula

No abstract available.
Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia, Hereditary* ; Siblings* ; Twins, Monozygotic*

OBJECTIVES: Chronic pain is one of the most common experiences of humans and a typical psychophysiological disorder. The aim of this study was to measure the psychophysiological responses in chronic pain patients using a biofeedback system, and to compare them with the results from normal healthy subjects. METHODS: Forty two patients with chronic pain (17 males and 25 females, average age 44.67+/-11.10 years) and 42 normal healthy controls (17 males and 25 females, average age 45.17+/-10.46 years) participated in this study. Electromyography (EMG), skin conductance (SC), and skin temperature (ST) were recorded using biofeedback system during the 3 phases (baseline, stress, and recovery) of stress reactivity test, and average values of them were calculated. Difference of values between two groups in each corresponding phase was analyzed with independent t-test, and change of values across phases of stress reactivity test was analyzed with paired t-test (all two-tailed, p<0.05). RESULTS: Compared to normal controls, chronic pain patients had higher value of EMG (baseline : 8.10+/-5.97 micronV vs 4.72+/-1.52 micronV, t=-3.56, p<0.01 ; stress : 11.25+/-6.89 micronV vs 8.49+/-4.78 micronV, t=-2.13, p<0.05 ; recovery : 7.12+/-3.77 micronV vs 4.78+/-1.59 micronV, t= -3.70, p<0.01) and SC (baseline : 1.06+/-1.0 micronS vs 0.42+/-0.29 micronS, t=-4.0. p<0.01 ; stress : 1.87+/-2.05 micronS vs 1.03+/-0.86 micronS, t=-2.47, p<0.05 ; recovery : 1.74+/-1.77 micronS vs 0.64+/-0.59 micronS, t=-3.8, p<0.01) in all the 3 phases. But, skin temperature comparison did not reveal significant differences in all the 3 phases between two groups. CONCLUSION: Psychophysiological responses of chronic pain patients in stress reactivity test were different from those of normal healthy controls. These results suggest that sympathetic nervous system is more activated in chronic pain patients.
Biofeedback, Psychology ; Chronic Pain ; Electromyography ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Psychophysiologic Disorders ; Psychophysiology ; Skin ; Skin Temperature ; Sympathetic Nervous System

During tumor progression, a subset of cells acquires metastatic properties, presumably through a series of genetic alterations. As the result, cells detach from the primary tumor, penetrate the basement membrane and invade the adjacent structures including lymph and blood vessels. Loss of adhesive functions and gain of new adhesive functions are thought to play a crucial role in this metastatic cascade. Since tumor metastasis is the principle cause of death for cancer patients including colon cancer, there is a consensus that a search for tools that allow effective assessment of the metastatic potential of tumors is a prime goal for cancer research. An immunohistochemical study of cell adhesion molecules, CD44H and its variant CD44v6, was done to evaluate their relationship with known prognostic factors related to the progression and metastasis of colorectal carcinoma in 94 cases of colorectal carcinoma tissues. The results were as follows. The CD44H expression was detected in 90 (95.7%) and CD44v6 in 53 (56.4%) out of 94 cases of colorectal carcinoma, and the CD44H was overexpressed in tumor tissue more than in normal mucosa in 62% of the cases. The expression rates of both protein were not significantly correlated with age and sex of the patients, invasion depth, lymph node metastasis, tumor differentiation, and tumor site. The coexpression of CD44H and CD44v6 in tumor was significant (p<0.05). The above results suggest that overexpression of CD44H and loss of function to control the alternative splicing of CD44 mRNA resulting in CD44v6 expression and alteration of adhesive function are closely associated with tumorigenesis of the colorectum.
Adhesives ; Alternative Splicing ; Basement Membrane ; Blood Vessels ; Carcinogenesis ; Cause of Death ; Cell Adhesion Molecules* ; Cell Adhesion* ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Consensus ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Mucous Membrane ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; RNA, Messenger

PURPOSE: Laparoscopic surgery has emerged as an alternative minimally invasive technique as compared to traditional open surgical techniques. We evaluated the efficiency and safety of laparoscopic varicocelectomy for the treatment of varicocele. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between June 1996 and February 1998, laparoscopic varicocelectomywere performed in 10 patients whose ages ranged from 16 to 43 years at Chosun university hospital. We assessed success rate, hospital stay, operative time, and complications retrospectively. RESULTS: The varicocele was disappeared in all patients after laparoscopic varicocelectomy. The mean operative time was 68 minutes for unilateral varicocelectomy and 110 minutes for bilateral varicocelectomy. The internal spermatic artery was preserved in 9 of 10 patients. The mean hospital stay was 1.9 days. Complications included shoulder pain in 1 patient, cubcutaneous emphysema in 1 patient and pneumoscrotum in 2 patients but resolved with conservative management. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that laparoscopic varicocelectomy is an effective, safe and a viable alterative to other operative technique with quick full recovery, short hospital stay, minimal analgesic requirement and minimal surgical trauma. But long-term follow up and prospective studies are needed to clarify the clinical effect of laparoscopic varicocelectomy.
Arteries ; Emphysema ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Length of Stay ; Operative Time ; Retrospective Studies ; Shoulder Pain ; Varicocele

PURPOSE: To report the first case of Waardenburg syndrome type 4 in Korea. CASE SUMMARY: A 3-year-old boy visited our clinic to have his abnormal right eye iris color checked. The patient had a previous operation Hirschsprung's disease. In addition, his older sister and aunt showed similar ocular findings. A general physical examination, hearing test, and fundus examination were performed. On examination, hypochromic heterochromic iridum, albinism of the posterior pole upon ipsilateral fundus, and dystopia canthorum were found. There was no abnormal finding in the hearing test. CONCLUSIONS: The patient showed hypochromic heterochromic iridum, dystopia canthorum, and albinism of ipsilateral fundus. He also had a family history of Waardenburg syndrome and had surgery associated with congenital megacolon. The patient was diagnosed with Waardenburg syndrome type 4.
Albinism ; Child, Preschool ; Hearing Tests ; Hirschsprung Disease ; Humans ; Iris ; Korea ; Male ; Physical Examination ; Siblings ; Waardenburg Syndrome*

Cubitus varus deformity is the late complication of the supracondylar fracture of humerus which is common in growing children. If the deformity is severe it causes tunctional problems as well as cosmetic ones necessitating conective osteotomy. Though many authors devised different methods of corrective osteotomy, the cosmetic results are not always satisfactory because of the development of the lazy S deformity hy the lateral prominence. Technically. the initial stahility of the osteotomy is also poor due to the poor contact of the osteotomy site. So we have devised a new quadrilateral displacement osteotomy to increase the initial stability of the osteotomy by creating a wedge on the osteotomy site & also to prevent the development of the lazy S deformity hy elimination of the Interal prominence. We treated 9 cases of cubitus varus deformity with the new quadrilateral displacement osteotomy. The correction technique was not difficult & the initial stahility of the osteotomy is rather good & the osteotomy is fixed by the conventional methods, & all of the cases were healed uneventfully. There developed no the lazy & deformity after osteotomy. We would like to report the details ot the supracondylnrquadrilateral displacemenl osteotomy.
Child ; Congenital Abnormalities* ; Humans ; Humerus ; Osteotomy*